scholarly journals The Marketing of Canadian University Rankings: A Misadventure Now 24 Years Old

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Ken Cramer ◽  
Stewart Page ◽  
Vanessa Burrows ◽  
Chastine Lamoureux ◽  
Sarah Mackay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
University Rankings ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Ranking Data ◽  
Canadian Universities ◽  
Cluster Analyses ◽  
Student Welfare ◽  
The Many ◽  
Personal Welfare

Based on analyses of Maclean’s ranking data pertaining to Canadian universities published over the last 24 years, we present a summary of statistical findings of annual ranking exercises, as well as discussion about their current status and the effects upon student welfare. Some illustrative tables are also presented. Using correlational and cluster analyses, for each year, we have found largely nonsignificant, inconsistent, and uninterpretable relations between rank standings of universities and Maclean’s main measures, as well as between rank standings and the many specific indices used to generate these standings. In our opinion, when assessed in terms of their empirical characteristics, the annual data show generally that this system of ranking is highly limited in terms of its practical or academic value to students. Among other difficulties with the interpretation of ranks, we also discuss the possibility that ranking exercises have unintended, though potentially serious, negative consequences for the intellectual and personal welfare of students.

scholarly journals 27. The Sophistry of University Rankings: Implications for Learning and Student Welfare

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Stewart Page ◽  
Kenneth M. Cramer ◽  
Laura Page
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
University Rankings ◽  
Canadian Universities ◽  
Rank Ordering ◽  
Formal Classification ◽  
Ranking Procedures ◽  
Student Welfare ◽  
Final Rank

We present a data-based perspective concerning the recent Maclean’s magazine rankings of Canadian universities, including cluster and other analyses of the 2007 and 2008 data. Canadian universities empirically resemble and relate to each other in a manner different from their formal classification and final rank ordering in the Maclean’s system. Several pitfalls in ranking procedures, related to invalid and unreliable relationships among indices underlying the final ranks, are outlined, along with relevant findings from previous studies. In their present format, although they have become increasingly publicized and promoted, data based on the Maclean’s system are of limited practical use to students. Perhaps more important, ranking exercises have unintended though potentially serious consequences in terms of the intellectual and personal well-being of students.

scholarly journals Current Status of Evidence for a New Diagnosis: Food Addiction-A Literature Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavian Vasiliu
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Addiction Severity

Food addiction is considered an important link for a better understanding of psychiatric and medical problems triggered by dysfunctions of eating behaviors, e. g., obesity, metabolic syndrome, binge eating disorder, or bulimia nervosa. At behavioral level, food addiction has high degrees of similarity with other eating disorders, a phenomenon that creates difficulties in finding specific diagnostic criteria. Food addiction has been also described as “eating addiction” or “eating dependence” by several researchers, who placed the emphasis on the behavior and not on the food itself. High-sodium foods, artificially flavored-foods, rich carbohydrate- and saturated fats-containing foods are triggers for the activation of the same neural pathways, therefore they act similarly to any drug of abuse. Food addiction is considered a disorder based on functional negative consequences, associated distress and potential risks to both psychological well-being and physical health. A clinical scale was validated for the quantification of the eating addiction severity, namely the Yale Food Addiction Severity Scale (YFAS), constructed to match DSM IV criteria for substance dependence. Using this instrument, a high prevalence of food addiction was found in the general population, up to 20% according to a meta-analytic research. The pathogenesis of this entity is still uncertain, but reward dysfunction, impulsivity and emotion dysregulation have been considered basic mechanisms that trigger both eating dysfunctions and addictive behaviors. Genetic factors may be involved in this dependence, as modulators of higher carbohydrate and saturate fat craving. Regarding the existence of potential therapeutic solutions, lorcaserin, antiepileptic drugs, opioid antagonists, antiaddictive agents are recommended for obesity and eating disorders, and they may be intuitively used in food addiction, but clinical trials are necessary to confirm their efficacy. In conclusion, a better understanding of food addiction's clinical profile and pathogenesis may help clinicians in finding prevention- and therapeutic-focused interventions in the near future.

Current status of heart transplantation

2018 ◽  
pp. 223-240
Author(s):  
Ayyaz Ali ◽  
Robert L. Kormos
Keyword(s):  
Heart Transplantation ◽  
Cardiac Transplantation ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Severe Heart Failure ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
The Many ◽  
End Stage

Cardiac transplantation has extended and improved the lives of patients suffering from severe heart failure over many decades. Despite advances in medical therapy, cardiac transplantation remains the definitive treatment for end-stage heart disease. Surgical techniques for organ procurement and implantation, development of appropriate methods for preserving the heart, and understanding the immunological challenges associated with transplantation were among the many areas which required focused investigation. In the current era, heart transplantation is associated with a low operative mortality and excellent long-term survival, however, the major obstacle of shortage of suitable donor organs remains. In the following chapter, recipient selection and management, donor organ procurement and preservation, and surgical techniques of heart transplantation are described in detail.

scholarly journals Role of Piezoelectric Elements in Finding the Mechanical Properties of Solid Industrial Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshed Mohammed ◽  
Sallehuddin Haris ◽  
Mohd Nuawi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Piezoelectric Elements ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Many

Recent developments in ultrasonic material testing have increased the need to evaluate the current status of the different applications of piezoelectric elements (PEs). This research have reviewed state-of-the-art emerging new technology and the role of PEs in tests for a number of mechanical properties, such as creep, fracture toughness, hardness, and impact toughness, among others. In this field, importance is given to the following variables, namely, (a) values of the natural frequency to PEs, (b) type and dimensions of specimens, and (c) purpose of the tests. All these variables are listed in three tables to illustrate the nature of their differences in these kinds of tests. Furthermore, recent achievements in this field are emphasized in addition to the many important studies that highlight the role of PEs.

Indian Female Entrepreneurs as Catalysts for Economic Growth and Development

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyali Ghosh ◽  
Reena Cheruvalath
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
The Many ◽  
Cultural Constraints

Female entrepreneurs are increasingly being considered to be an important catalyst for economic growth and development in India, as they are contributing substantially to employment generation, and, as such, female entrepreneurship has become an area of research interest over the past few years. This paper furthers this research by making a theoretical study of the current status of female entrepreneurs in the country. It discusses the many challenges they face, focusing on their level of education and socio-cultural constraints. It also suggests some solutions to overcome such barriers. These include giving them proper training, developing an entrepreneurial attitude in them, ‘attributional augmenting’, understanding their entrepreneurial motivation, and, most importantly, removing the discriminating social customs imposed on them.

scholarly journals On the International Review for the Sociology of Sport, the field of play, and six years of more “more than less”

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 903-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Wenner
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Technical Characteristic ◽  
Current Status ◽  
International Review ◽  
Sport Sociology ◽  
Sociology Of Sport ◽  
Scholarly Community ◽  
The Many

In this editorial essay, Editor-in-Chief Lawrence Wenner reflects on his six-year tenure editing the International Review for the Sociology of Sport and the sociology of sport as a scholarly field of play. Thanks are given to the many in the sociology of sport community who have supported the IRSS and contributed to its success. Consideration then turns to the imprimatur of the IRSS and a series of identity struggles evident in the scholarly community. Using the “framing of the naming” of the IRSS, the essay poses that the IRSS is “more than” each of the constituent parts making up the journal’s title. In considering how the IRSS is “more than international,” arguments are advanced that most socio-cultural studies of sport tend to focus on local, regional, and national sporting experiences and that the IRSS might be better characterized as “multinational” or “multi-vocal” in its orientation. In considering how the IRSS is “more than a review,” arguments are advanced that the IRSS has always gone beyond featuring critical articles, a chief technical characteristic marking publications as reviews. In considering how the IRSS is “more than sociology,” arguments are advanced that the socio-cultural study of sport has always necessarily reached beyond sociology in engaging a host of disciplines. Related consideration is given to the current status of socio-cultural inquiry about sport, sociology, the sport sciences, and management. In considering how the IRSS is “more than sport,” arguments are advanced about the how the socio-cultural study of sport has always had boundaries that blur with the study of physical activity that engages fitness, health, and recreation. Finally, the essay closes with consideration of physical cultural studies and poses that it is deficient as an alternative characterization of the scholarly community.

scholarly journals Bio-degradeable Bioplastics sebagai Plastik Ramah Lingkungan. SOIJST Vol. 1 (1):131-153

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Poppy Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
The Many ◽  
Different Characteristics

Massive uses of conventional plastics have brought negative consequences to the aspects of sustainability and environmental friendliness of human activities, due to the problems concerning the availability of its raw materials and eventual wastes. One of the solutions to face these problems is by producing and using plastics that can degrade and be derived from renewable biomasses which are now known as bio-degradeable bioplastics. At least, there are 4 kinds of plastics that can fulfill the criteria as being bio-degradeable bioplastics, namely starch-based plastic, cellulose-based plastics, PLA (polylactic acid), and PHA (polyhydroxylalkanoates). These four kinds of plastics have different characteristics, applications, strengths, and also weaknesses. In spite of the many challenges in the uses of bio-degradeable bioplastics to replace conventional plastics, newest technological development and the birth of stronger public awareness towards a more sustainable and more environmentaly-friendly life style have given stronger stronger forces to increase the uses and urgency of bio-degradeable bioplastics.

scholarly journals O LEGADO DA COPA E SEU IMPACTO NO FUTURO DA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-197
Author(s):  
Marcos Vinicius Cardoso ◽  
João Manuel Malaia ◽  
Fernando A Fleury
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
World Cup ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Opportunity Cost ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many ◽  
The City

Legacies – structures that are built for events and which remain after the same - are one of the major positive aspects paraded by mega sporting events organizers. This study´s purpose is to analyze the current situation of legacies promised by the many governmental instances for the city of São Paulo - host city of Fifa´s 2014 World Cup – and prospect which legacies will become effective in the city. Preliminary assessments may raise construction concerns, alert the public to keep an eye on undertaken obligations and encourage official actions (Mangan, 2008, p. 1,871). Data was obtained from National Audit Court (TCU) reports, Ministry and United Nations documents, in addition to testimonials and information gathered from some of Brazil´s major press media. Data analysis was conducted by classifying legacies according to tangible and intangible legacy concepts (Kaplanidou and Karadakis, 2010) followed by an analysis of promised legacies versus current status during the period of analysis. Finally, discussions as to most probable to come about legacies were presented. Results indicate that a portion of promised legacies stand a fair chance of achievement. On the other hand, other projects lag behind schedule or have been cancelled. Preliminary surveys suggest full completion of promised legacies is not possible, there has been an overuse of public resources as opposed to that planned, and provide indicatives as to the investment´s high opportunity cost.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Hypothermia and Neuroprotection in Acute Neurological Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (29) ◽  
pp. 5430-5455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kota Kurisu ◽  
Jong Youl Kim ◽  
Jesung You ◽  
Midori A. Yenari
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Hypothermia ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
The Many ◽  
Brain Insults

:Therapeutic hypothermia has consistently been shown to be a robust neuroprotectant in many labs studying different models of neurological disease. Although this therapy has shown great promise, there are still challenges at the clinical level that limit the ability to apply this routinely to each pathological condition. In order to overcome issues involved in hypothermia therapy, understanding of this attractive therapy is needed. We review methodological concerns surrounding therapeutic hypothermia, introduce the current status of therapeutic cooling in various acute brain insults, and review the literature surrounding the many underlying molecular mechanisms of hypothermic neuroprotection. Because recent work has shown that body temperature can be safely lowered using pharmacological approaches, this method may be an especially attractive option for many clinical applications. Since hypothermia can affect multiple aspects of brain pathophysiology, therapeutic hypothermia could also be considered a neuroprotection model in basic research, which would be used to identify potential therapeutic targets. We discuss how research in this area carries the potential to improve outcome from various acute neurological disorders.

scholarly journals Artificial insemination and cryopreservation of boar semen: current state and problematics

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Moreira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Current State ◽  
Boar Semen ◽  
The Many ◽  
Cryopreservation Method

 Commercial artificial insemination with boar semen still prefers the usage of refrigerated semen up to 5 days over frozen-thawed, to date. This is because of the uneconomical properties of frozen-thawed boar semen, such as low motility, viability, fertility rates and the need for higher semen doses, because of the decreased quality after cryopreservation. Since boar semen is highly susceptive to cold shock damage, the invention of a successful cryopreservation method would be greatly beneficial for the swine industry. This review briefly focuses on the many factors that influence the quality of frozen-thawed boar semen, including the different compositions of extenders, comparison of commercial extenders, freezing and thawing methods (temperature and duration). It could be concluded from the present review that optimum freezing/thawing protocol for swine is not standardized, so far being the current status still considered poor-to-fair. 

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