scholarly journals Nutrient removal and payback of mineral fertilizers by harvest of winter wheat varieties under technologies of different intensity levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-153
Author(s):  
Nazih Yasser Rebukh ◽  
Petr Mikhailovich Polityko ◽  
Vladimir Nikolaevich Kapranov ◽  
Evgeny Fedorovich Kiselev

Nutrient removal and payback of mineral fertilizers by harvest of winter wheat varieties were studied under technologies of different intensity levels in 2012-2015. The design of the experiment included three fertilizer systems divided into three yield levels (6, 8 and 10 t/ha) adjusted for the actual content of mobile phosphorus and potassium in the soil. Samples of grain and straw were taken for each variety and technology before harvesting, nutrient content was determined. Calculation of nutrient removal was carried out at 14% moisture. Nutrient removal and payback of fertilizers by harvest of winter wheat varieties depended on genetic characteristics and cultivation technology. Nemchinovskaya and Moskovskaya varieties had the highest (17-29 kg/kg) and the lowest (39-21 kg/kg) fertilizer payback, respectively, in high-intensity technology. The lower the stem height, the lower the nutrient removal. The sum of fertilizers (NPK) used by Nemchinovskaya 24 variety was 210 kg/ha in standard technology, 330 kg/ha in intensive technology, and 450 kg/ha in high-intensity technology. Lower fertilizer costs were noted on average over the research years. Increasing intensity of technology - from standard to high-intensity - resulted in increased nutrient removal and fertilizers costs, and their payback decreased.

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
В.В. Кошеляев ◽  
В.И. Сальников ◽  
И.П. Кошеляева

В настоящее время недостаточно известны объективные потребности растений в элементах питания, об этом свидетельствуют значительные различия между максимальными и средними значениями урожайности при испытании сортов. Существенные различия урожайности связаны с тем, что не учитываются генетические особенности сортов поглощать элементы питания из почвы и удобрений. В основном, как правило, применение удобрений рассчитывается на усредненное значение по культуре, а не под возделываемый сорт. В результате сортоиспытание без учета генетически обусловленных особенностей минерального питания приводит к тому, что агрохимически активные сорта снимаются с испытания, так как для реализации их генетического потенциала не созданы соответствующие условия минерального питания. Цель работы – оценить общую и специфическую отзывчивость сортов озимой пшеницы на применение минеральных удобрений и выделить агрохимически активные формы. Для достижения цели был заложен двухфакторный полевой опыт. Фактор А – сорта озимой пшеницы, фактор В – уровни минерального питания. В результате установлено, что наиболее агрохимически активными формами являются сорта озимой пшеницы Скипетр, Клавдия 2 и Московская 56. Сорта Безенчукская 380, Немчиновская 57 и Фотинья характеризуются как формы с меньшей агрохимической активностью. At present, the objective nutrient requirements of plants are not well known, as evidenced by the significant differences between maximum and average yields in variety trials. Significant differences in yields are due to the fact that the genetic characteristics of varieties to absorb nutrients from soil and fertilizer are not taken into account. For the most part, fertilizer application is calculated as a crop average rather than for the variety being cultivated. As a result, variety testing without taking into account genetically determined features of mineral nutrition leads to the fact that agrochemically active varieties are withdrawn from testing, because appropriate conditions of mineral nutrition are not created for realization of their genetic potential. The aim of the work is to evaluate the general and specific responsiveness of winter wheat varieties to the application of mineral fertilizers and to identify agrochemically active forms. In order to achieve the objective a two-factor field experiment was laid. Factor A - winter wheat varieties, factor B - mineral nutrition levels. As a result, it was found that the most agrochemically active forms are winter wheat varieties Skipetr, Klavdiya 2 and Moskovskaya 56. Bezenchukskaya 380, Nemchinovskaya 57 and Fotinya varieties are characterized as forms with less agrochemical activity.


Author(s):  
В. В. Гамаюнова ◽  
А. В. Панфілова

Метою роботи було удосконалення елементів технології вирощування сортів пшениці озимої в умовах Південного Степу України на засадах ресурсозберігаючого живлення рослин шляхом оброблення посіву рослин рістрегулюючими речовинами в основні періоди вегетації по фону основного внесення невисоких доз мінеральних добрив. Методика дослідження. Експериментальні дослідження проводили впродовж 2011 – 2016 рр. на дослідному полі Миколаївського національного аграрного університету. Об’єктом досліджень була пшениця озима – сорти Кольчуга та Заможність. У дослідженнях застосовували загальноприйняті для зони методики досліджень. Урожайність визначали методом суцільного скошування з кожної облікової ділянки. Результати дослідження. У результаті виконаної роботи встановлено, що у роки досліджень урожайність пшениці озимої сорту Кольчуга коливалася в межах 2,89–4,48 т/га, а сорту Заможність – 3,05–4,99 т/га залежно від варіанту живлення. Найбільш оптимальним фон живлення складався за поєднання внесення помірної дози мінерального добрива і підживлення в період вегетації препаратами Органік Д2 та Ескорт – біо. Окупність приростом урожайності зерна в зазначених варіантах живлення пшениці озимої сорту Кольчуга склала 25,50–26,50 кг, а сорту Заможність – 31,83‒32,33 кг. Елементи наукової новизни. Набули подальшого розвитку питання ресурсозберігаючого живлення рослин пшениці озимої, у зв’язку з появою нових сортів, препаратів й зміною кліматичних і ґрунтових умов. Практична значущість одержаних результатів полягає в розробці, удосконаленні й впровадженні у виробництво елементів технології вирощування пшениці озимої на чорноземі південному, яка забезпечує приріст урожайності зерна на рівні 1,59–1,94 т/га залежно від сорту. The purpose of the work was improving the elements of the cultivation technology of winter wheat varieties in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine on the basis of resource-saving plant nutrition by treating the plants with the growth-regulating preparations during the main vegetation periods on the background of the main applying low doses of mineral fertilizers. Methods of research. Experimental studies were conducted during 2011–2016 in the experimental field of Mykolaiv NAU. The objects of the research were such winter wheat varieties as Kolchuha and Zamozhnist.  Generally accepted methods for the given research area were used in the experiments. The yield was determined by the method of overall mowing from each accounting area. The research results. The studies have shown that, over the years of the research, the winter wheat yield of Kolchuha variety was 2.89–4.48 t/ha, and the yield of  Zamozhnist variety was 3.05–4.99 t/ha, depending on the variant of nutrition. The most effective variant of crop nutrition, over the years of research, was the application of a moderate dose of mineral fertilizers and additional fertilization during the vegetation period with the preparations “Organic D2” and “Escort-bio”. Thus, using these nutrition variants has resulted in yield increasing of Kolchuha winter wheat variety to 25.50–26.50 kg, and of Zamozhnist variety – to 31.83–32.33 kg. The elements of scientific novelty. The questions of the resource-saving nutrition of winter wheat plants, in connection with the appearance of new varieties, preparations and changes of climatic and soil conditions have been considered. The practical significance of the obtained results is the development, improvement and introduction into production of the elements of winter wheat cultivation technology in the Southern black soil, as this crop provides grain yield growth at the level of 1.59–1.94 tons/ha depending on the variety.


Author(s):  
A.Y. Ozheredova ◽  
◽  
A. N. Esaulko ◽  
L.A. Mikhno ◽  
A.P. Shutko ◽  
...  

The article presents materials on the influence of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers on the incidence of powdery mildew, pyrenophorosis and yield of winter wheat varieties cultivated on leached Chernozem for 2016-2018.


Author(s):  
N. A. Galushko ◽  
N. M. Komarov ◽  
N. I. Sokolenko

The article shows the research on grain quality which was conducted at North- Caucasus Scientific Agricultural Center 2015-2017. The research explored the grain quality of new soft winter wheat varieties. The grain belongs to own selections of soft winter wheat, particularly to Sekletiya, Zernetko 1, Tsaritsa and Liniya 1517. The authors focus on indicating the impact of certain factors on high-quality grain. Batko variety was applied as a standard. The soil of the experimental plot was black soil; the climate was moderate continental. The forecrop was pure steam. Before sowing, the authors applied complex mineral fertilizers dosed N40P60K40; in spring the researchers fertilized them with ammonium nitrate dosed26 kgof ammonium nitrate per hectare. The authors observed positive correlation between nature and flour strength qualities of grain (0,7-0,8); inverse relationship between the value of natural mass and IIR values (-0,79); dough elasticity to dough extensibility (-0,88); and baking absorption parameter (-0,85). Flour strength depends on protein quantity and quality (r = 0.79). The wheat varieties have shown different values of flour strength: Liniya 1517 and Zernetko 1 correspond to good filler (282-294 a.), Sekletiya, Tsaritsa and Batko (standard) correspond to satisfactory improver (312, 332,345 a.). Tsaritsa variety formed gluten of the first group during three years under different temperatures. This indicates the prevalence of protein glutenin fraction and capacity of strong wheat improver. The authors found out high correlation coefficient of sedimentation with the amount of gluten (r = 0.81) was found. The quality of winter wheat grain was affected by the arid conditions of grain loading in 2015 and overwetting in 2017. This prevented the varieties from showing up their capacities.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Nazih Y. Rebouh ◽  
Petr M. Polityko ◽  
Vladimir N. Kapranov ◽  
Viktor N. Fedorischev ◽  
Nina J. Garmasch ◽  
...  

The current study is aimed at evaluating the reaction of winter wheat varieties according to cultivation technologies at a different level of intensity i.e. basic, intensive and high intensive. The cultivation technologies included fertilizers, pesticides and growth regulators at different combinations and concentrations. The experiment was established in order to determine the optimum conditions of winter wheat cultivation. Three winter wheat varieties were studied: Moskovskaya 40 (V1), Nemchinovskaya 17 (V2) and Nemchinovskaya 85 (V3). Yield performances and grain quality (measured through protein and gluten content) were determined according to the tested cultivation technologies. The results showed that the cultivation technology affected grain wheat productivity and quality on all varieties studied, since the highest yields were obtained using high intensive cultivation technology for all varieties studied, Moskovskaya 40 - 9.65 t/h, Nemchinovskaya 17 - 8.58 t/h and Nemchinovskaya 85 - 9.87 t/h. However, according to the basic technology, the yield was lower by 2064 %. The tested cultivation technologies demonstrated that high intensive cultivation technology increased wheat quality. The highest protein content (18 %) was recorded in Nemchinovskaya 85 variety. The present results give real opportunities for a largescale application of the tested cultivation technologies in different agricultural lands of Russia.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
O. M. Drumova

The results of three-year research (2016–2019) conducted in the fields of the State Enterprise Experimental Farm "Dnipro" of the SЕ Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine with soft winter wheat was presented. The soft winter wheat was placed on black fallow (on background of N30P60K30) and after sunflower (on background of N60P60K60). It was found that winter wheat plants had a not the same ability to accumulate soluble carbohydrates in years with different weather conditions. The analysis of plant samples showed that the largest number of these substances had synthesized in the autumn 2017. It was found that in the plots with black fallow during the period from November 20, 2017 to January 10, 2018, the amount of soluble carbohydrates (total amount of mono- and disaccharides) in the tillering nodes of winter wheat plants of Uzhynok variety decreased from 41.2 % to 34.7 % (by 6.5 %), Nyva Odeska variety – from 43.9 % to 32.7 % (by 11.2 %), Kokhanka variety – from 45.0 % to 42.6 % (only by 2.4 %). From January 10 until the resumption of spring vegetation, the carbohydrates were consumed most intensively by plants of the Uzhynok and Kokhanka varieties. It was found that despite the lower doses of mineral fertilizers applied to presowing cultivation, winter wheat plants accumulated more soluble carbohydrates in all years after black fallow than after sunflower. On average for three years of research, the highest consumption of sugars during the winter both in leaves and in tillering nodes, regardless of the forecrop, was observed in plants of the Uzhynok variety. It was found that the winter wheat plants of Kokhanka variety consumed soluble carbohydrates more economically than the Uzhynok and Nyva Odeska varieties, and grew more intensively in early spring. The content of sugars in the tillering nodes of Kokhanka variety during resumption of spring vegetation was 28.4 % for black fallow and 25.9 % after non-fallow forecrop. Key words: winter wheat, variety, soluble carbohydrates, forecrop, background of nutrition.


Author(s):  
О. V. Lеvakova ◽  
Т. А. Barkovskaya

One of the defining periods in the life of plants is the sowing of winter crops (autumn) period. Only when a good ensure moisture and at an optimal temperature of air in this period it is possible to obtain timely and quality shoots, forming shoots tillering and percolation processes utilization and hardening plants. Given the importance of the foregoing, this paper presents the results of research in the context of the Institute of agricultural technology and seed-the branch winter wheat varieties of locality Viola at different dates of sowing norm and seeding. It is established that the different timing of sowing plant survival ranged -87.5- 57.9%. Significant differences on wintering plants between crops of different sowing dates have been identified. Seeding rate had no significant effect on plant height, ear length and number of grains in an ear. Indicating a high plasticity of winter wheat varieties Viola. The greatest influence on the grain yield had a weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.78) and number of grains per ear (r = 0.63). Our research has shown that for winter wheat varieties of Viola in the midst of the Ryazan region favourable term of sowing is the period from 5 to 10 September with optimum seeding rate 4.5 million. PCs/HA.


2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
C. Kondora ◽  
M. Szabó ◽  
A. Máté ◽  
G. Szabó

Owing to the significant differences in the adaptability of state-registered varieties, those which can adapt well to the local conditions should be given preference. There are several high-yielding varieties available in Hungary with excellent agronomic properties, good adaptability and satisfactory baking quality. This study was conducted to analyse the adaptability of 34 state-registered winter wheat varieties tested in the small plot trials of the National Institute for Agricultural Quality Control (NIAQC) at 5–9 locations between 1994 and 1997 based on their gluten quantity and farinographic index. For the comparison of the varieties the evaluation method of Eberhart and Russell (1966) was applied as modified by Bedő and Balla (1977). The qualitative stability and adaptability values of the varieties differ from the adaptability and stability values calculated from the grain yields. Some winter wheat varieties have good qualitative adaptability and stability, while others have special adaptability and poor qualitative stability, but the majority of the varieties do not belong to these groups.


Author(s):  
Pigorev I. Ya. Pigorev I. Ya. ◽  
◽  
V.A. Kudinov V.A. ◽  
I.V. Ichkov I.V.

the range of winter wheat varieties in the conditions of sown areas of the Kursk region is considered. The analysis of the varieties used with the priorities and volumes of crops in large enterprises and small business entities of the agro-industrial complex is given.


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