scholarly journals Key Models of Religious Institutions’ Interaction in the Context of the State-Church Relations in Russia and Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-733
Author(s):  
Galina O. Lukyanova ◽  
Olga S. Chikrizova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Middle East ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Minority Religion ◽  
East Russia

The article reveals and comparatively analyses the peculiarities of the state-church relations in Russia and Egypt. Currently, the role of religion and religious institutions in world politics is actively increasing, as well as the process of secularization of public life is being redefined. Religion still often becomes the cause of discrimination, persecution of certain groups of society; the level of Islamophobia in Western countries and Religiophobia in the whole world is not decreasing. In these conditions, the importance of state-church relations within key international actors is also growing. The purpose of the study is to provide comparative analysis of the specifics of the state religion policy of Russia and Egypt in order to develop recommendations for the use of Russian religious institutions to strengthen Russias position in the Middle East. Russia and Egypt were chosen as research objects, since these countries have a rich history of interaction in the religious sphere, which could become a basis for the future cooperation between religious institutions of the two countries. In addition, Egypt is one of the key states in the Middle East, where Russian influence has never been dominant, but where exactly religious organizations such as the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) most actively and successfully pursued Russias interests. Methodologically, the article is based on historical and empirical institutionalism, as well as comparative analysis and historical-genetic method. The study is quite novel, as it identifies four models of interaction between religious communities, which are based on two criteria: a) presence of religious institutions representing the interests of a particular community; b) status of religion in the state (dominant / minority religion). The practical significance of the study lies in its attempt to make recommendations for improving the use of religious organizations in Russia to promote state interests in Egypt on the basis of the highlighted features of state-church relations in Egypt.

scholarly journals All in the Family

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
Allen McDuffee
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
State University ◽  
The Family ◽  
Georgia State University ◽  
The Status

Despite the instability usually attributed to the Middle East, today one finds anunusual level of stability in eight of its monarchies. When mosl countries of theworld are converting to some form of "democracy," what has led this type ofstate system to such stability? In his book, All in the Family, Michael Herb,Assistant Professor of Political Science at Georgia State University, providesthe most thought-provoking work on Middle Eastern monarchies since rentierstate theory became fashionable. Herb determines that "there are two distinctforms of monarchism in the Middle East. One is resilient and the other is not''(p. 235). His basic thesis is that the key to the survival, persistence, andresilience of monarchies in the Middle East is the willingness and ability of theruling families to saturate the most important positions in the state apparatus.He terms this "dynastic monarchism"-the idea that "the ruling family formsitself into a ruling institution, monopolizing the key offices of the state" (p.235). In the unsuccessful type of monarchy, the king "maneuvers among variousforces-the army, the parliament, and the parties-and when he loses balancethe monarchy falls" (p. 235). Case studies are used to illustrate bothmonarchical models: dynastic (Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United ArabEmirates, Bahrain, and Oman) and nondynastic (Libya, Egypt, Iraq, Iran.Morocco, Jordan, and Afghanistan - usually excluded from studies on theMiddle East). This book relies on comparative analysis and is based not onlyon archival research, but also on interviews and secondary sources.In the second and third chapters, "The Emergence of Dynastic Monarchy andthe Causes of Its Persistence" and "Arabian Society and the Emergence of thePetro-State," respectively, the reader gets a sense of the rise of the petro-stateand how it enabled dynastic monarchies to emerge. He asserts that theyemerged because the ruler's relatives "had powerful bargaining resourceswhich they could use to help rulers stay in power, to aid aspiring rulers inachieving power, or to attack and depose sitting rulers" (p. 22). Tims, the emergenceof the petro-state added another dimension in intrafamily negotiations.Dynasties consolidate power by limiting the status of any individual or clique.Coalitions are built by the rulers through distribution of government positionsto relatives as a means of assuring their cooperation. Dynasties are strengthenedby forming consensus on the issue of succession rather than depending onprimogeniture. As a result, a ruler is held accountable to his family who ...

scholarly journals Russia, China: Poverty Alleviation (Comparative Analysis)

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
I. S. Orlova ◽  
G. M. Tsinchenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Comparison System

Goal and objectives. The article analyzes the state policy of Russia and China on poverty alleviation, conducted a comparative analysis of the strategy of the two countries in solving the problem, basic areas, social programs, measures, measures of social support for poor categories of citizens. The general and specific approaches of each. The results achieved are considered, as well as the objectives set by each country in this direction for the near and far term.Methods. The study uses a set of general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, system-functional and integrated approach. Within the framework of the stated theme, theoretical provisions and modern approaches were systematic on the basis of the study of the works of various authors, federal and regional regulatory documents, official statistics.Results. The theoretical and practical significance of the study is to specify and organize the modern strategic approaches of the state policy of Russia and China, both in the sphere of poverty alleviation and in the provision of state social assistance to poor categories of citizens. These areas of state social policy of each country are not sufficiently researched by national science. The analysis provides an opportunity to identify the state of poverty in Russia and China, actualizes the importance of state policy to reduce poverty in each country, justifies the need for its further improvement in this direction. The findings highlight the positive results achieved by countries to date and identify the ways that have led to them, which can further promote public social policies to overcome poverty in each country and the system of state social assistance to the poor.Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the study of the state policy of Russia and China to reduce the poverty level of the population, as one of the most acute problems of both countries. The article shows the characteristics of poverty in each country, the scale and concentration of poverty, the trend of changing poverty in recent years as a result of the efforts of states and new strategies in public social policy. Weaknesses and strengths in the state social policy to overcome poverty in Russia and China have been identified. The lack of effectiveness of the organization of state social assistance to poor categories of citizens is justified. The conclusions are drawn on the versatility of ways to overcome poverty, the need to unite the efforts of all countries in this direction, the fruitfulness of the exchange of experience accumulated by different countries.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION: THE ROLE OF A RELIGIOUS INSTITUTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-185
Author(s):  
O.A. Balabeikina ◽  
A.A. Yankovskaia ◽  
K.S. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Development Goals

The presented work is aimed at identifying the specifics and significance of religious institutions in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) in a foreign region - England. Procedure and methods. The data were collected by analyzing the content of available online annual reports reflecting the most diverse aspects of the 41 dioceses of the State Christian Church of England activities and interviewing the leaders of separate dioceses. Results. The study allowed us to confirm active and diverse participation of the dioceses in the implementation of the sustainable development goals, among which the priority is given to environmental responsibility in broad sense and social activities of religious institutions meeting the needs of modern society. Practical significance. The example of effective implementation of the SDGs by the State Christian Church of England can be useful for domestic and foreign religious organizations, as well as for the leadership of Russian regions in developing effective cooperation between the State and the Church at the regional level.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the economic feasibility of using ultra-small spacecrafts

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Yulia A. Nazarova ◽  
Vladimir A. Tikhonov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Launch Vehicles ◽  
Small Spacecraft ◽  
The World

The relevance of the issue under consideration is associated with the evolution of existing technologies, due to which the functionality increases and the mass of the payload decreases, as a result of which the question of the use of cost-effective launch vehicles is raised. The purpose of this work is to carry out a comparative analysis of the feasibility of using ultra-light launch vehicles to provide services for the delivery of small spacecraft to low-earth orbit. The article is written within the framework of socio-economic research methods. Retrospective analysis and comparative approach are combined with the use of quantitative methods. The theoretical significance of the study consists in the analysis of the modern operation of small spacecraft and the state of the world rocket and space industry, analysis of the existing strategy of the State Corporation Roscosmos in the development of a new line of reusable launch vehicles and consideration of promising projects of domestic private companies involved in the creation of ultra-light launch vehicles. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the results of studying the intensity of space launches when making strategic decisions on the use of ultra-light launch vehicles. Based on the assessment of existing forecasts for the development and creation of small-sized spacecraft, it is concluded that the world space market is interested in the types of satellites and classes of launch vehicles for their launch.

Social Responsibility of Religious Organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-138
Author(s):  
O. Balabeikina ◽  
A. Yankovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Institute ◽  
Protection Goals

The main topic of the study is the social responsibility of religious organizations, the specific features of which are investigated on the example of individual dioceses of the State Christian Church of England. The goal is to analyze the leading ways of advancing of the indicated type of economic activity, to identify instruments for the implementation of social responsibility by a foreign religious institute on the territory of structural units of a regional level – dioceses. The main hypothesis of the study is that religious organizations, implementing a variety of activities within the framework of social responsibility, play a significant role in the economy of the region, largely taking on the social obligations of the state. To achieve the goal and confirm the statement, methods of analysis of actual and economic-statistical information and comparative comparison were used. The main findings of the study can be useful both in the realization of inter-confessional contacts and in the formulation of strategy for the development of state-religious relations in Russia, where the social and economic role of religious organizations is increasing. One of the distinguishing features of social responsibility of the Anglican Church organizations is implementing environment protection goals as one of the important directions in their social work. This part of social responsibility of religious institutions in our country is rarely embodied. The experience and model of managing social responsibility issues by the dioceses of the Church of England can be useful for Russian religious institutions aiming to build more successful and constructive partnership with the state.

scholarly journals Analysis of securing territories with states of the state geodesic network

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (II) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
I. TREVOHO ◽  
◽  
D. KUKHTAR ◽  
E. ILKIV ◽  
M. GALYARNYK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Geodetic Network ◽  
Geospatial Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Maximum Difference ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Hexagonal Grid ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics

The purpose of the work is to investigate the possibilities of using geospatial analysis to assess the state of geodetic support of territories for mapping of different scales, on the example of Ivano-Frankivsk region. Method. Methods of geospatial analysis, in particular zoning of the territory by means of buffer polygons, and also application of a hexagonal grid are used for researches. Results. An algorithm for estimating the state of geodetic support of territories using the method of buffer zones and the method of hexagonal polygons is presented. A comparison of methods is performed and graphical schemes of both methods are presented. The analysis of the results allowed to establish that the state of geodetic support of the territories of the studied areas varies widely. For mapping on a scale of 1:10000 and 1:25000, geodetic support varies between 65–92 %, depending on the area. Bogorodchany district has the highest indicators, Horodenkivsky district has the lowest. The percentage of territories is reduced for larger scales of 1:5000 and 1:2000. Mapping on such a scale requires additional network thickening. The method of hexagonal polygons on average showed better results by 6.4 % than the method of buffer zones. The maximum difference between the calculated collateral obtained from the two methods is 9.7 %; the minimum is 2.4%. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The analysis of the provision of SGN points using geospatial analysis, on the example of Ivano-Frankivsk region, showed the feasibility of its use for these purposes. A comparative analysis of geospatial analysis methods to assess the state of geodetic support based on graphical materials and quantitative characteristics showed that the best results can be obtained using the method of hexagonal polygons. Using the method of buffer zones gives less reliable results. The proposed and researched approach can be used to study the provision of points of the State Geodetic Network for the whole territory of Ukraine, as well as for the territories of individual OTGs, districts and regions.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONFESSIONAL SECTION OF ZHYTOMYR REGION RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Nataliya Ryabtseva
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Split State ◽  
General Scientific

Purpose. In order to analyze the confessional section of the religious community of Zhytomyr region, the state and development dynamics of registered church and religious institutions totality have been investigated. Methods. The solution of these tasks was carried out using a wide range of general scientific and special methods: dialectical and logical, analysis and synthesis, analytical groups, systems approach, etc. The theoretical basis of the study was the materials of reports about the community of churches and religious organizations in Ukraine. Results. Based on the analyzed data, the confessional structure of religious communities registered in the Zhytomyr region was obtained. The dominant confessions were singled out and the diversity of religious movements, independent of the canonical Church, on the basis of which religious organizations are created in the region, were considered. The digital display shows the problem of Orthodoxy, which today is in a split state. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the analysis of the causes and consequences of Zhytomyr region religious community’s diversity. It is shown that the consequence of religious pluralism in Ukraine is a spiritual crisis in which modern Ukrainian society is located. The practical significance of the study is to obtain a regional section of the problem of complex political and religious relations that occur in our state.

The State in the Pulpit: State Incorporation of Religious Institutions in the Middle East

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birol Baskan
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Political Development ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Development Literature ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPolitical development literature held that the process of secularization is conflict-ridden between the state and religious institutions. Later state building literature left state-religion relations outside its theoretical scope and left a puzzle in our understanding of state building. How did state-religion relations really change in the course of modern state formation? This article argues that the relationship between state builders and religious institutions was not necessarily conflictual. Rather, there were potential areas of cooperation between the two. However, whether any cooperation was realized was historically contingent. Depending on the type of relationship established, state-religion relations took different institutional shapes. This article makes two observations. First, if the religious institutions have a fairly hierarchical internal organization, then the state and religious institutions part their ways. This is the picture classical political development literature paints. Second, in cases where the state faces a disunited body of religious institutions, the state incorporates religious institutions into its apparatus, its extent depending on the institutional capacity of the state. As the institutional capacity of the state increased, its control over religious institutions also increased. The article then illustrates these observations through major cases from the Middle East.

Ground of mechanism of pay in a budget for the pipelinetransporting of hydrocarbon commodities

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Adam Bodіuk
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
State Recognition ◽  
Main Pipelines ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Hydrocarbon Transport

The subject of the study is the mechanism for determining the fiscal fee forthe main transportation of hydrocarbon goods as a resource concept. The purposeof this article is to justify the nature and prospects of using, instead of currentrent, hydrocarbon fiscal-main income as a fiscal payment, which is brought intothe state budget by operators of the main hydrocarbon-transport system as business entities for their transportation of hydrocarbons and products of their processing through main pipelines appropriate to the economic requirements. Theresearch methodology is determined by a combination of methods: a) cognition:legal analysis (study of the regulatory framework for the use of rent); b) justification: abstract logical analysis (definition of the concepts of hydrocarbon fiscalmain income); c) generalization (substantiation of conclusions and proposals).Results of work. In the process of analyzing the regulatory legal acts that regulate the use of current annuity as payment to the budget for the main transportation of hydrocarbons, it was established that it is not a tax in the interpretationof PKU, since the essence does not meet the official definition of tax, does notmeet the accepted definition of the concept of rent. The accepted nature andmechanism of paying rent for the transportation of hydrogen resources and associated revenues of the state and users of the main hydrogen transport systemand the unpromising nature of its use as a fiscal payment are analyzed. Conclusions.It is proposed that the state pay for the territorial pumping of hydrocarbon resources according to our triple principle as hydrocarbon fiscal-main income, whichcorresponds to its essence, and accordingly change the mechanism for calculatingand depositing funds to treasury accounts. Since the funds come to the revenueside of the state budget, that is, inherently belong to state revenue. The creationof such a mechanism needs certain studies, justifications and government decisions. The same applies to land use, since the quality indicators of soils, wherethe laid pipelines are territorially different. In addition, there is a process ofchanging land for its intended purpose, for the property. The fee for movinghydrocarbon resources should be calculated depending on the type of transport,including pipelines, for a set of indicators: quantity and quality of goods, time,main tariffs and distance of its movement. The amount may be adjusted usingfactors officially established by the CMU. Since the pipelines are located in territorial lands, part of this fee should be transferred to the territorial local budgets.Theoretically, the economic use of trunk pipelines should be considered as a typeof economic environmental management. Therefore, this type of government revenue should be determined by a set of indicators, as well as taking into account the economic interests of business entities authorized by the CMU. Thus, theimplementation of our proposed fiscal payment is relevant, has scientific noveltyand promising practical significance, therefore, for state recognition it is proposedto include it in the Tax Code of Ukraine.

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