scholarly journals Social Representations and Individual Representations: What is the Difference? And Why are Individual Representations Similar?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-331
Author(s):  
Saadi Lahlou
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

This paper clarifies a long-standing ambiguity in the notion of social representations; it provides a clear operational definition of the relation between social representation and individual representation. This definition, grounded in the theory of sets, supports most current empirical investigation methods of social representations. In short, a social representation of an object in a population is the mathematical set of individual representations the individuals of that population have for this object. The components of the representation are the components used to describe this set, in intension in the mathematical sense of the term (in contrast with a definition in extension). Statistical techniques, as well as content analysis techniques, can construct such components by comparison of individual representations to extract commonalities, and that is what classic investigations on social representations indeed do. We then answer the question: how come that, in a given culture, individuals hold individual representations that are so similar to one another?

scholarly journals Prognostic Awareness in Advanced Disease: A Review Update and Concept Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Kühne ◽  
Myriel Hermann ◽  
Martina Preisler ◽  
Amy Rohrmoser ◽  
Anne Letsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Subjective Knowledge ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Therapy Goals ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Meta Analyses

PurposeAlthough subjective knowledge about the prognosis of an advanced disease is extremely important for coping and treatment planning, the concept of prognostic awareness (PA) remains inconsistently defined. The aims of the scoping review were to synthesize a definition of PA from the most recent literature, describe preconditions, correlates and consequences, and suggest a conceptual model.MethodsBy using scoping review methodology, we searched the Web of Science and PubMed databases, and included publications, reviews, meta-analyses or guidelines on all physical diagnoses, as well as publications offering a conceptual or an operational definition of PA. The data were analyzed by means of content analysis techniques.ResultsOf the 24 included publications, 21 referred exclusively to cancer, one to patients with hip fractures and two to palliative care in general. The deduced definition of PA comprised the following facets: adequate estimation of chances for recovery, knowledge of limited time to live, adequate estimation of life expectancy, knowledge of therapy goals, and knowledge of the course of the disease. Further content analysis results were mapped graphically and in a detailed table.ConclusionThere appears to be a lack of theoretical embedding of PA that in turn influences the methods used for empirical investigation. Drawing on a clear conceptual definition, longitudinal or experimental studies would be desirable.

Guidelines for potentiometric measurements in suspensions Part B. Guidelines for practical pH measurements in soil suspensions (IUPAC Recommendations 2006)

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srecko F. Oman ◽  
M. Filomena Camões ◽  
Kipton J. Powell ◽  
Raj Rajagopalan ◽  
Petra Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Indicator Electrode ◽  
Liquid Junction ◽  
Cell Potential ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Potentiometric Measurements ◽  
Suspension Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

The measured cell potentials for suspension potentiometric cells have been interpreted and explained by a detailed analysis of the schemes for these cells ["Guidelines for potentiometric measurements in suspensions. Part A. The suspension effect (IUPAC Technical Report", Pure Appl. Chem.79, 67 (2007)]. Some former disagreements amongst investigations have been clarified. A new unambiguous operational definition of the suspension effect (SE) is presented. It is defined as the difference in cell potential for two suspension potentiometric cells, one with both electrodes in the separated equilibrium solution (eqs) and the other with both electrodes in the sediment or suspension. This potential difference is the sum of the change in the indicator electrode (IE) potential and the change in the liquid junction potential of the reference electrode (RE), when the electrodes are used for measurement, once in the sediment of the suspension and then in its eqs.

scholarly journals The Social Representation of Feminism within the On-line Movement “Women Against Feminism”

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Oana Crusmac
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Line Movement

The present paper aims to analyse the social representation of feminism within the “Women Against Feminism” (WAF) on-line movement that is based on a shared blog which gained significant coverage in the U.S. and U.K. media since the summer of 2014. Using the method of quantitative content analysis and the insights provided by social representations theory, the paper will disclose what lies behind the concept of ‘feminism’ for the group embracing the WAF movement and also aims to find whether the members of this on-line community can be described as postfeminists. The article will conclude that the social representation of feminism within the WAF on-line movement is not based on a lack of information, but rather on a stereotypical understanding of the concept and on a non-nuanced perspective upon the history of feminism and its current developments (in particular the difference between post-feminism and third wave feminism). Moreover, similar arguments raised against feminism have been also drawn in the past, WAF sharing similar arguments with the ‘80s media backlash against feminsim.

scholarly journals Structure and content of the maternal representations of Mexican teenagers during their first pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-906
Author(s):  
Julieta Armida Franco-Ramírez ◽  
Carlos Enrique Cabrera-Pivaral ◽  
Gabriel Zárate-Guerrero ◽  
Sergio Alberto Franco-Chávez ◽  
María de los Ángeles Covarrubias-Bermúdez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Civil Hospital ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Maternal Representations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Maternal Representation

Abstract Objectives: understand the structure and content of the maternal representations of Mexican teenagers during their first pregnancy. Methods: a study was carried out with qualitative methodology based on the concept of maternal representation and the theory of social representations with 30 adolescents who attended prenatal control at the Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", in Jalisco, Mexico. The participants were interviewed with the consent of their tutors. Classical content analysis techniques were used to obtain codes and thematic categories to develop a conceptual map that explains maternal representations. Results: the maternal representation was identified: "Pregnant but reunited, a legitimated bad decision", which was composed of social meanings towards adolescent pregnancy, family dynamics, expectations towards motherhood, and the feelings experienced by the adolescent during the pregnancy. The content of the representations was heterogeneous for most of the identified categories; however, it is identified that the desire for pregnancy guides the expectations of the adolescent about her future way of being as a mother. Conclusions: the desire of women for pregnancy, the level of participation of the couple, and the social meanings of adolescent pregnancy, have an outstanding role in the development of models of maternal representations.

scholarly journals Personal Energy at Work: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13490
Author(s):  
Alexandra Francina Janneke Klijn ◽  
Maria Tims ◽  
Evgenia I. Lysova ◽  
Svetlana N. Khapova
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Theoretical Implication ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Personal Energy

There has been a significant increase in studies on personal energy at work. Yet, research efforts are fragmented, given that scholars employ a diversity of related concepts. To bring clarity, we executed a two-fold systematic literature review. We crafted a definition of personal energy at work and a theoretical framework, outlining the dimensions, antecedents and boundary conditions. The theoretical implication of the framework is that it allows one to explain why—given similar work—some employees feel energized whereas others do not. The difference depends on the context that the employer offers, the personal characteristics of employees and the processes of strain and recovery. The paper concludes with a discussion of how future research can build on the proposed framework to advance the theoretical depth and empirical investigation of personal energy at work.

scholarly journals Attack of the snowclones: A corpus-based analysis of extravagant formulaic patterns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hartmann ◽  
Tobias Ungerer
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distributional Semantics ◽  
Interpersonal Factors ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The concept of ‘snowclones’ has gained interest in recent research on linguistic creativity and in studies on extravagance and expressiveness in language. However, no clear criteria for identifying snowclones have yet been established, and detailed corpus-based investigations of the phenomenon are still lacking. This paper addresses this research gap in a twofold way: On the one hand, we develop an operational definition of snowclones, arguing that three criteria are decisive: (i) the existence of a lexically fixed source construction; (ii) partial productivity; (iii) “extravagant" formal and/or functional characteristics. On the other hand, we offer an empirical investigation of two snowclones that can be considered ‘prototypical’ on the basis of previous literature, namely [the mother of all X] and [X BE the newY]. We use collostructional analysis and distributional semantics to explore the partial productivity of both patterns’ slot fillers. In sum, we argue that the concept of snowclones, if properly defined, can contribute substantially to our understanding of creative language use, especially regarding the question of how social,cultural, and interpersonal factors influence the choice of more or less salient linguistic constructions.

Separation of Subtypes of Depression using Discriminant Analysis

1982 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Feinberg ◽  
Bernard J. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Endogenous Depression ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Discriminant Index ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

SummaryWe derived a discriminant function based on clinical features to classify patients with endogenous depression (‘melancholia’) and non-endogenous (‘neurotic’) depression. The difference between the groups was not one of overall severity of illness alone. Bipolar melancholic patients were classified less well than were unipolars, supporting previous findings of clinical differences between these groups.The discriminant function (DF) was reduced to a discriminant index (DI) which classified a separate group of unipolar melancholic and non-endogenous patients with comparable accuracy. Approximately 80 per cent of all cases received a definite classification by the DI. The agreement between the 105 definite DI classifications and the clinical diagnoses was 90 per cent when results from the derivation and validation groups were combined.The DI classification was then validated against an objective biological marker, the dexamethasone suppression test (DST). The diagnostic discriminant index predicted the DST result with the same accuracy as the clinical diagnoses. The discriminant index can serve as an operational definition of the patients diagnosed as endogenous or nonendogenous unipolar depression in future studies by ourselves and other groups of investigators.

scholarly journals STUDENT’S SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF EMIGRATION AND EMIGRANT

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-195
Author(s):  
В.В. Гриценко ◽  
М.Н. Ефременкова ◽  
Н.В. Муращенкова
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Positive Traits ◽  
Open Question

Выявлены и проанализированы структура и содержание социальных представлений об эмиграции и эмигранте у студентов. Представлены материалы эмпирического исследования, полученные на выборке, состоящей из 255 человек в возрасте от 17 до 24 лет (53% девушек и 47% юношей), студентов четырех крупных вузов г. Смоленска. Выбор региона обусловлен его приграничным положением и невысокими показателями социально-экономического развития. Методами были: анкетирование с использованием метода свободных словесных ассоциаций для определения содержания и структуры социальных представлений студентов об эмиграции, открытого вопроса для выявления содержания социальных представлений студенчества об эмигранте, открытых и закрытых вопросов для выявления социально-демографических показателей респондентов. Данные обрабатывались с помощью прототипического анализа (по П. Вержесу) и контент-анализа. Выявлено соответствие ядерных компонентов социальных представлений студентов об эмиграции основным элементам научного определения данного феномена. Согласно содержанию периферической системы, в представлениях студентов-смолян присутствуют три контекста рассмотрения феномена эмиграции: два из них отражают представления о нем как о вынужденной форме поведения с превалирующим европейским направлением движения, а один - ее добровольный характер как поведения, предоставляющего дополнительные возможности и перспективы. Последнее может являться предиктором формирования эмиграционных намерений у молодежи. Образ эмигранта в сознании большинства респондентов имеет позитивные черты, что несет в себе дополнительные риски в плане вероятного распространения эмиграционных намерений в студенческой среде. The article is aimed at identifying and analyzing the structure and the content of social representations of emigration and emigrant among students. An empirical study is presented, sample: 255 students aged 17 to 24 (53% young women and 47% young men). A face-to-face anonymous questionnaire was conducted among students of four large universities from town Smolensk. The choice of the region is due to its border situation and low indicators of social and economic development. Empirical methods: questionnaire involving the free verbal association technique to determine the content and the structure of students' representations of emigration, an open question to identify the content of representations of an emigrant, open and closed questions to determine the social and demographic data of respondents. For data processing, we used prototypical analysis (by P. Verges) and content analysis. We revealed the correspondence of the nuclear components in students' social representation of emigration with the main elements in the scientific definition of this phenomenon. In the peripheral system of Smolensk students’ representations of emigration there are three contexts of emigration phenomenon. Two contexts reflect representations of emigration as a forced form of behaviour with the dominant European direction of movement. The third context reflects the voluntary nature of emigration as a behaviour that provides additional opportunities and perspectives. The last context may be a predictor for shaping emigration intentions among young people. The image of emigrant in the minds of most students from Smolensk has positive traits. This has additional risks of spreading emigration intentions among Smolensk youth.

scholarly journals ANALISIS NILAI MORAL AGAMA DALAM SYAIR GURU SYUKUR TERUSAN JAMBI

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-131
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hariandi ◽  
Suci Dewi Asmara ◽  
Sinta Nofria ◽  
Arini Meliza ◽  
Ida Fransiska Lingga
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
The People ◽  
The Difference

This research aims to know the meaning and moral contained in the poetry of Haji Syukur. He conveyed his preaching through poetry that according to Haji Syukur, the people of Jambi easily understand him through Seloko or Pantun. The poems spoken by Haji Syukur are also often used by people in the area of Jambi who in the activities of community deliberations, in giving advice, can also be used in the sleep of children, and storytelling. The poems spoken by Haji Syukur contain the story of Islamic religious teachings.Further research on the activity of analyzing the works of the teacher H. Syukur specifically the poems of his work.In this study we use content analysis techniques to process the data that has been collected. With this technique researchers will be able to easily find out the contents, meaning of poetry, and moral values that are embedded in poetry. So that researchers at the end of the paper can easily conclude the results of the desired research.The words of Haji Syukur or the often-called Guru Syukur in the form of aspects are also not too difficult to understand, the lyrics are practical and often also used by society in their daily lives, and Seloko or Pantun is also a Community needs in certain events and when people relax in a community gathering. In the Haji Syukur poem’s can also distinguish the nature of the character of Islam with the people of the calamites, the good and the wicked, the praises and the Unblemish. In the verses of gratitude teachers speak between two opposite things, Haji Syukur also gives the difference two things aloud, so that the community easier to capture what the meaning conveyed through the poem and the the lyrics are easier for the community to hear.

scholarly journals Cultural Education Values of Canting by Arswendo Atmowiloto and Canting by Fissilmi Hamida

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Elok Harisma Kartikasari ◽  
Suyitno Suyitno ◽  
Andayani Andayani
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Educational Values ◽  
Cultural Education ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Language Patterns ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Difference

This research aims to explain and describe the values of cultural education contained in the Canting novel by Arswendo Atmowiloto and the Canting novel by Fissilmi Hamida. This research is a qualitative descriptive research with all citations related to the purpose of the research as the object of research. The data were collected using content analysis. They were then analyzed using interactive analysis techniques. The results of the analysis obtained from this research are Canting novels, both by Arswendo Atmowiloto and by Fissilmi Hamida, have similar educational values that teach to always obey and respect culture in terms of three elements, namely (1) rules in life related to marriage and the position of women, (2) action activities related to language patterns, performing traditional ceremonies and accepting fate, and (3) human products including canting and clothing used by Javanese for marriage. The difference is that Arswendo Atmowiloto’s Canting presents the priyayi culture which has a tradition of not saying much, but actively holding meetings to develop Javanese culture. Meanwhile, in the Canting novel by Fissilmi Hamida, it explains that various batik motifs from Yogyakarta and gending kodhok ngorek are the results of human works.

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