Encyclopedias as tools of modernization: Stalinist versions of agrarian knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-168
Author(s):  
A. M. Nikulin
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Subjective Factor ◽  
Ruling Party

The article considers directions of the agrarian modernization as presented in the four editions of the Soviet agricultural encyclopedia from the mid-1920s to the mid-1950s. On the basis of some historical examples and theoretical concepts, the author explains the scientific, ideological and political significance of encyclopedias in the formation of social knowledge and ideology; shows how during the Stalinist period, the Soviet agricultural encyclopedias passed through several successive great leaps in the representation of agrarian knowledge under the accelerated Soviet modernization; stresses the manipulative way of managing agrarian knowledge and human capital in agriculture - on behalf of the leader and ruling party. The article describes the transition from the first Soviet encyclopedia of the 1920s, which focused on the modernization of peasant Russia, to the encyclopedia of the early 1930s, which denied the importance of the peasantry and praised the projects of large-scale industrial-agricultural production; many authors of the first peasant encyclopedia were repressed. The encyclopedia of the late 1930s reflects the fight against the authors of the previous encyclopedia of the great leap and the purges in the name of the ideology of the planning-management approach in the further modernization of Soviet agriculture. The encyclopedia of the late 1940s - early 1950s reflects the victory of the technocratic-bureaucratic worldview and personnel approach to the agrarian sphere, which prevailed in the agriculture of the USSR until the very end of the Soviet era. The author focuses on the influence of the subjective factor (political leaders, editors-in-chief and anonymous authors) on the ideology, topics and style of encyclopedic articles. In conclusion, the author notes that the strong ideological control and volatile political situation distorted knowledge in the Soviet agrarian encyclopedias, which negatively affected the quality of rural human capital and largely predetermined the stagnation of rural development in the late USSR.

The Relationship between the Development of Human Capital and the Agricultural Economy in Rural Areas

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
B.A. Voronin ◽  
◽  
I.P. Chupina ◽  
Ya.V. Voronina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Standard View ◽  
Household Factors ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
The Relationship

The article discusses a non-standard view of the formation of human capital for work in organizations of the agricultural sector of the economy, in the context of modern socio-economic transformations. In the classical sense, human capital for agriculture should be formed and developed in rural areas. But in real life, this is not always the case, because there are many factors that prevent the classical solution of this problem. First, the demographic factor affects, second, social and household factors, and third, in many rural areas there are no working agricultural organizations where qualified agricultural specialists can work. All these and other circumstances actualize the problem of the quality of human capital in rural areas in relation to the development of agricultural production.

Are Spanish public employees happier in their job performance in the era of Industry 4.0?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-97
Author(s):  
María- José Foncubierta-Rodriguez ◽  
Rafael Ravina-Ripoll ◽  
Eduardo Ahumada-Tello ◽  
Luis Bayardo Tobar-Pesantez
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Private Company ◽  
The Future

Since the end of the 20th century, economists have been attracted to the study of the economics of happiness (e.g., Singh, & Alexandrova, 2020; Crespo & Mesurado, 2015; Ferrer-i-Carbonell,2013). The use of the term happiness characterizes an essential volume of this bibliographical production as a synonym for the words satisfaction, well-being, or quality of life (Teixeira&Vasque, 2020; Carlquist et al., 2017). Under this umbrella, the culture of happiness management teaches us that a management model or direction oriented to the holistic search for happiness or job satisfaction of its employees is one of the essential axial pieces that organizations have to increase the commitment of their human capital, and therefore, their productivity and business performance (Ravina et al., 2019). Public administration employees are not exempt from this reality, a group that is characterized by job stability compared to private company employees. This article is dedicated to them. The era of Industry 4.0 is a period that is characterized, among other things, by the high precariousness of labor that is originated by the implementation of management models in advanced economies. This phenomenon is derived from the technological point of view by the automation and massive robotization of production processes and the supply chain. Together with the digitalization of companies, both factors are very present in the ecosystems of the Covid-19, and have come, perhaps, to stay in the future (Bragazzi, 2020; Ghadge et al., 2020). In line with the above, a more holistic examination of this issue seems likely to show that there is a keen interest among people to enter into Work mostly in public administrations, in search of a permanent contract for their entire working life. As is known, this is especially true in countries with high unemployment levels, such as Spain. Its unemployment rate is 20.1% in mid-2020. In the collective imagination of these individuals, there is the conviction that this type of Work constitutes ambrosia of eudaimonic happiness, job security, and quality of life, especially at present, in times of the Covid-19 pandemic (Fernández-Urbano, & Kulic, 2020). In this sense, it should be noted that in the last decades of the 21st century, there has been a growing interest in researching public employees' job satisfaction (e.g., Ryu&Bae, 2020; Steijn &Van der Voet, 2019; Luechinge et al., 2010). Most of the studies carried out on this scientific topic to date show empirically that public sector workers are happier than individuals in the private sphere. It's basically due to the intrinsic benefits (flexibility, vacation, or family reconciliation, among others) that this type of government entity offers concerning for-profit organizations (e.g., Lahat&Ofek, 2020; Sánchez-Sánchez, & Puente, 2020; Danzer,2019). In this context, this article aims to examine, as a priority in the era of Industry 4.0, whether there are observed differences in the levels of congratulations between human capital working in the private sector and that working in the public sector in Spain, by analyzing a set of variables that define positions: hours, salary, stability, promotion, and stress. Finally, we must indicate, on the one hand, that the choice of this spatial framework is motivated by the scarce literature investigating the happiness of Spanish public employees in an economy with high levels of youth unemployment (Núñez-Barriopedro et al., 2020). On the other hand, the results achieved in this study may be useful in the future for the implementation of public policies aimed at significantly promoting the welfare of working citizens through the happiness management approach (Ravina-Ripoll et al., 2019), or for taking this management concept to private companies to increase the motivation of their employees (Foncubierta-Rodríguez & Sánchez-Montero, 2019). Keywords: Happiness, human resources, Industry 4.0, public sector.

scholarly journals Ways to Improve the Productivity of Oasis Agriculture: Increasing the Scale of Household Production and Human Capital? A Case Study on Seed Maize Production in Northwest China

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1218
Author(s):  
Yao Wei ◽  
Fanglei Zhong ◽  
Xijing Luo ◽  
Penglong Wang ◽  
Xiaoyu Song
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Oasis Agriculture ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Oasis agriculture in arid areas faces the constraints of scarce resources and a fragile ecological environment. Improving agricultural production efficiency is the key solution. However, there are few studies analyzing the relationship between farmers’ production efficiency and planting scale from a micro-empirical perspective. Herein, we study the seed-producing corn growers in Zhangye city, and supplement special survey data with national input–output survey data. We use data envelopment analysis to measure agricultural production efficiency, and tobit regression to calculate the marginal effects of factors affecting production efficiency on farms of different scales. The results show that production efficiency is greater for large-scale farmers than for small-scale farmers. Duration of technical training, education time of laborers, planting income, and productive expenditure are significantly positively correlated with production efficiency. Average age of farmers and the amount of pesticide and fertilizer use are significantly negatively correlated with production efficiency. Off-farm activities improve the production efficiency of small-scale farmers but inhibit it for medium- and large-scale farmers. Differences exist in marginal impacts for different scales of farmland. We conclude that expanding the scale of family farms and optimizing human capital are effective for improving agricultural production efficiency in arid oasis areas.

scholarly journals Inclusive Growth and International Labour Migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Sergey Chepel ◽  
Evgenia Tukhtarova ◽  
Natalia Neklyudova
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Cis Countries

This contribution presents the results of an econometric analysis of the interconnections between migration, economic diversification, the quality of state institutions and other qualitative characteristics of economic growth that have developed in developing countries of the world over the past two decades. The study highlighted the most important factors that contribute to the creation of conditions and prerequisites for the inclusive development of the economy. The analysis showed that among other factors, the most important are the quality of state institutions, technological development, which creates the conditions for investing in human capital. The study also made it possible to determine thresholds for these factors as guidelines for the transition of the CIS countries to the inclusive development of their economies and to limit disordered labour migration. Another important result of the study is the fact that large-scale and poorly controlled migration is acting like a brake on the sustainable development of the whole post-Soviet space. To overcome this process, it is necessary to create large-scale joint integration, knowledge-based and technological projects that will not only reduce the scale of migration to Russia, but also contribute to increasing human capital in the CIS countries and to the creation of knowledge-based jobs in their labour markets.

scholarly journals Organizational features of formation and use of agricultural enterprises labour force

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Valentyna Kovtun
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Organizational Features

The subject of the study is a set of organizational features of the formation and use of labor of agricultural enterprises. The aim of the work is to study the features of the organization of the formation and use of labor of agricultural enterprises in a market economy and determine the place and its role in the implementation of the strategy of innovative development of the agricultural economy of Ukraine. The methodological basisof the article is statistical and mathematical methods of clarifying the factors of labor organization in agricultural enterprises, carried out both in the process of its formation and in the process of use. Result of work. The article defines the organizational features of the formation and use of labor of agricultural enterprises, the inevitability of large-scale changes in the structure and quality of the labor force associated with the specifics of agricultural production. The organizational principles of formation and use of labor force in the conditions of formation of innovative technological changes are analyzed. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of natural, economic and social conditions that require the appropriate quality of the labor force and its General competence, socio-demographic characteristics that determine the supply and demand for it. Scope of application of the results that can be used in the activities of agricultural enterprises in order to form a labor force in terms of equipping with the latest technology and increasing the level of mechanization, electrification and automation of basic labor processes, as well as changes in the complexity of agricultural production, which is accompanied by increased demand for labor than the means of production. Summary. The formation of effective working capacity in agricultural enterprises provides organizational and socio-economic features that provide for their effective use, the use of material incentives and socially oriented motivational mechanisms that will improve the productivity of labor. The most effective way to increase the level of labor use and labor productivity indicators is to effectively support the development of highly productive agricultural production and business, as well as adjusting the structure of the economy in the direction of expanding consumer industries and services. This problem is complex and requires the introduction at the state level and the implementation of an integrated system of legal, economic, social, medical, educational, cultural, organizational and environmental measures.

Assessment of quality of life in patients with the effects of transient ischemic stroke

2016 ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
A. Babirad
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Cerebrovascular Events ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Angioplasty And Stenting

Cerebrovascular diseases are a problem of the world today, and according to the forecast, the problem of the near future arises. The main risk factors for the development of ischemic disorders of the cerebral circulation include oblique and aging, arterial hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus and heart disease. An effective strategy for the prevention of cerebrovascular events is based on the implementation of large-scale risk control measures, including the use of antiagregant and anticoagulant therapy, invasive interventions such as atheromectomy, angioplasty and stenting. In this connection, the efforts of neurologists, cardiologists, angiosurgery, endocrinologists and other specialists are the basis for achieving an acceptable clinical outcome. A review of the SF-36 method for assessing the quality of life in patients with the effects of transient ischemic stroke is presented. The assessment of quality of life is recognized in world medical practice and research, an indicator that is also used to assess the quality of the health system and in general sociological research.

Motivating the staff of Jazan University

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1261-1267
Author(s):  
Ali Medabesh
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Employee Satisfaction ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Financial Investment

The quality of public services and the yield of organizations are not limited to the financial investment and innovation solely. Human capital plays a critical role in the growth and excellence in institutions, but its contribution remains dependent on several factors. Its role is not limited on quantitative and qualitative accumulating, because it should be coherent and integrated in the development process. The theories of endogenous growth contributed to account for the disparity in levels of development between countries, by assuming that the extent of human capital response or inversely lack of responsiveness the economic system. This inaction is usually the prime cause of the deterioration of the quality of service and lack of satisfaction of the citizens, in addition of the lack of employee satisfaction about the circumstances of his work. Hence, arose the significance of several research about the mechanisms of reducing non-enthusiasm for the job or complacency professional and indifference. Staff of Jazan University has been chosen as a context of the empirical investigation of this study. The data has been collected using a well designed questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS program.

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF CA DONG PEOPLE IN RESETTLEMENT AREA OF TRANH RIVER HYDROPOWER NUMBER 2: CURRENT SITUATION AND IMPACT FACTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bùi Thị Bích Lan
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Role Of The State

In Vietnam, the construction of hydropower projects has contributed significantly in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country. The place where hydropower projects are built is mostly inhabited by ethnic minorities - communities that rely primarily on land, a very important source of livelihood security. In the context of the lack of common productive land in resettlement areas, the orientation for agricultural production is to promote indigenous knowledge combined with increasing scientific and technical application; shifting from small-scale production practices to large-scale commodity production. However, the research results of this article show that many obstacles in the transition process are being posed such as limitations on natural resources, traditional production thinking or the suitability and effectiveness of scientific - technical application models. When agricultural production does not ensure food security, a number of implications for people’s lives are increasingly evident, such as poverty, preserving cultural identity, social relations and resource protection. Since then, it has set the role of the State in researching and building appropriate agricultural production models to exploit local strengths and ensure sustainability.

Model and Method for Contributor’s Quality Assessment in Community Image Tagging Systems

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
A. V. Ponomarev
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Preference Relation ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Characteristic Matrix ◽  
Image Tagging ◽  
Proposed Model

Introduction: Large-scale human-computer systems involving people of various skills and motivation into the information processing process are currently used in a wide spectrum of applications. An acute problem in such systems is assessing the expected quality of each contributor; for example, in order to penalize incompetent or inaccurate ones and to promote diligent ones.Purpose: To develop a method of assessing the expected contributor’s quality in community tagging systems. This method should only use generally unreliable and incomplete information provided by contributors (with ground truth tags unknown).Results:A mathematical model is proposed for community image tagging (including the model of a contributor), along with a method of assessing the expected contributor’s quality. The method is based on comparing tag sets provided by different contributors for the same images, being a modification of pairwise comparison method with preference relation replaced by a special domination characteristic. Expected contributors’ quality is evaluated as a positive eigenvector of a pairwise domination characteristic matrix. Community tagging simulation has confirmed that the proposed method allows you to adequately estimate the expected quality of community tagging system contributors (provided that the contributors' behavior fits the proposed model).Practical relevance: The obtained results can be used in the development of systems based on coordinated efforts of community (primarily, community tagging systems). 

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