Traditional approaches and new ideas of Maria Glazovskaya in thematic mapping

2019 ◽  
Vol 947 (5) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
M.D. Bogdanova ◽  
M.I. Gerasimova ◽  
V.A. Snytko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Soil Landscape ◽  
Thematic Mapping ◽  
Technogenic Loads ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Professor Maria Glazovskaya (1912–2016) – an outstanding geographer, geochemist and soil scientist, made a prominent contribution to the formation and development of several aspects of thematic mapping both in conceptual and methodological issues. These aspects, namely, soil, landscape- and soil-geochemical, as well as ecological mapping, were derived from the knowledge on soils combined with the concepts of geochemical migrations facilities for certain chemical elements in soils and landscapes. Methodology of compilation of such maps presumes purposeful interpretation of diverse soil and landscape features, their expert evaluation and forecast of response reactions of soils and landscapes to certain technogenic loads. Maria Glazovskaya proposed innovative approaches to thematic mapping enabling her to compile original maps. She introduced the principle of “prognostic information capacity of natural factors”, which means that properties of landscape components contain information appropriate for evaluating the resilience of natural systems. The ideas and methods proposed by Maria Glazovskaya are now implemented in basic and applied thematic mapping.

scholarly journals Machine Reading Comprehension for Answer Re-Ranking in Customer Support Chatbots

Information ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momchil Hardalov ◽  
Ivan Koychev ◽  
Preslav Nakov
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Training Data ◽  
World Systems ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
Dialog Systems ◽  
Customer Support ◽  
Reliable Model ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Machine Reading

Recent advances in deep neural networks, language modeling and language generation have introduced new ideas to the field of conversational agents. As a result, deep neural models such as sequence-to-sequence, memory networks, and the Transformer have become key ingredients of state-of-the-art dialog systems. While those models are able to generate meaningful responses even in unseen situations, they need a lot of training data to build a reliable model. Thus, most real-world systems have used traditional approaches based on information retrieval (IR) and even hand-crafted rules, due to their robustness and effectiveness, especially for narrow-focused conversations. Here, we present a method that adapts a deep neural architecture from the domain of machine reading comprehension to re-rank the suggested answers from different models using the question as a context. We train our model using negative sampling based on question–answer pairs from the Twitter Customer Support Dataset. The experimental results show that our re-ranking framework can improve the performance in terms of word overlap and semantics both for individual models as well as for model combinations.

Cartographical modelling of the ecological-resource potential of territory

1997 ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
N. N. Lavrenko
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
New Ideas

The multifacetous scientific activity of Victor B. Sochava has found reflection in the numerous contributions-monographs and cartographical works issued by him and his pupils during the 70–80s. Now they are represent a base for development of modern trends of thematic mapping including ecological ones. Ecological mapping involves the spatial reflection of various natural and technogenic structures and their relationships. The cartographical modelling of territory potential is referred to this set of problems. Modelling in this aspect represents the désintégration of complex natural systems through classification and formalization into simple inner elements. Concerning the resources we have to bear in mind renewed and interconnected components of nature (forest, soil, water). This problem is subdivided into a number of tasks, namely: 1. determination of functions and characters of interconnected resources; 2. modelling of environmental and row material ecological functions of resources; 3. subdivision of space into territorial ecosystems; 4. classification, formalization, normalization and construction of the resource potential of ecosystems. System transformation of basic theoretical principles, formulated by V. Sochava, enables ecological map to design and to model various states of resource potential of territory. Solving the problem of cartographic modelling of ecological-resource potential of territory one have to seek for universal territorial ecosystem. Such unit is a drainage basin. The privilege to deal with ecosystem of water-drainage basin lays in possibility of limit determination, analysis of interconnected resources (forest, soil, water) by means of objective models or «black box» model. The new ideas appear: concrete drainage basin represents a spatialnon renewal recourse: results of management may be estimated on the ecosystem exit. At the same time theoretical and practical experience in the mapping of all nature environment and economy components can be applied to the drainage basin ecosystems.

scholarly journals Possible Ways of Development of the Breeding Bird Communities of the Lower Dnipro

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
V. A. Busel
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Transformation Processes

Abstract Anthropogenic and natural factors of transformation of breeding bird communities of the Lower Dnipro affect mainly the territory of the Kakhovka Reservoir. Transformation processes of natural systems will result in a decrease of numbers and even the disappearance of some species of nesting birds of Ciconiiformes and Anseriformes. Podicipediformes and Charadriiformes birds remain less vulnerable, especially species that nest on the overwater vegetation. The birds nesting in hollows and in trees and shrub plantations are among the most successful. It is also possible to predict that some species would change their priorities from rock to tree-nesting. The wetlands below Nova Kakhovka will remain a natural sanctuary for the nesting birds of the forest and wetland natural complexes of the floodplain of the Lower Dnipro. Any changes in this area can occur in case of further human activity in the floodplain of the Dnipro lowland.

scholarly journals Biosphere ideas of V.I. Vernadskyi as theoretical fundament of agricultural ecology

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
T. Yehorova
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Scientific Ideas ◽  
Science And Research

The article presents the main features of the scientific heritage of Academician V.I. Vernadsky and his scientific and organizational role in the formation of agricultural science in Ukraine is given. It is noted that the history of agricultural science pays the greatest attention to the participation of the scientist in the development of soil science and research affair in Ukraine. The future academician took an active part in the study of the soils of Poltava region in the expeditions of 1882–1890 under the leadership of V.V. Dokuchaev, who was his lecturer at St. Petersburg University. In 1918, with his efforts, the Agricultural Scientist (later Scientific) Committee of Ukraine was created, which became the forerunner of the modern National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. World science recognizes in his works a fundamental understanding of the biosphere and noosphere, as well as the formation of modern scientific fields in geology, geochemistry, hydrogeochemistry, radiogeology, philosophy, organization of sciences. The scientist had a rare gift to synthesize various facts, getting a completely new idea, a new law of nature, a new direction in science. We are considering the methodological parallels in doctrines of agrosphere by O.O. Sozinov and of noosphere by V.I. Vernadsky. The significance of separate laws of the biosphere V.I. Vernadskyis investigated in the functioning of the agrosphere. The significant agroecological significance of the laws of causation in the biosphere and noosphere, the unity of all parts of the biosphere, the mechanism of biogeochemical cycles of chemical elements as a basis for the organization and dynamic equilibrium of natural systems are revealed. We summarized the directions of domestic agroecology, which are based on the fundamental biosphere laws of biogeochemical functions and zoning of the biosphere, biogenic migration of chemical elements, radioactivity of the territories, revealed by V.I. Vernadsky are generalized. Applied aspects of gas, oxygen, reduction, concentration and respiratory biogeochemical functions of the biosphere are actively studied in modern crop and animal husbandry. It is noted that promising areas of agricultural ecology can be scientific ideas V.I. Vernadsky on philosophy and scientific methodology, biomass and chemical composition of living matter, endemic morbidity of living organisms, hydrogeochemical zonation of waters, natural radioactivity, modeling of biosphere processes.

Applications To Geochemical Problems

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Tossell ◽  
David J. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mineral Surfaces ◽  
Transition Elements ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Rock Types

In this, the last major chapter of the book, we turn our attention to the applications of modern electronic structure models and concepts to more general geochemical problems; namely, those described by Goldschmidt as being concerned with the “distribution of elements in the geochemical spheres and the laws governing the distribution of the elements” (see Preface). The majority of minerals and rocks originally formed by crystallization from melts, and so the first section of this chapter is devoted to considering the nature of melts (and glasses), structure and bonding in melts, and the partitioning of elements (particularly transition elements) between the melt and crystallizing solid phases. The classic work of Bowen (1928) led to the recognition of particular sequences of crystallization and crystal-melt reaction relationships in the silicate melts from which major rock types form, as enshrined in the “Bowen Reaction Series.” Attempts were also made to explain the incorporation of particular elements into particular mineral structures using simple crystal chemical arguments, notably as laid down in “Goldschmidt’s Rules” (Goldschmidt, 1937). Such concepts are reappraised in the light of modern electronic structure theories. The other major realm of formation of minerals and rocks, and the most important medium of transport and redistribution of the chemical elements at the Earth’s surface, is the aqueous solution. The molecular and electronic structures of aqueous solutions, their behavior at elevated temperatures, formation and stabilities of complexes in solution, and the mechanisms of reactions in solution are all considered in the second section of this chapter. The surfaces of minerals (or other crystalline solids) differ from the bulk material in terms of both crystal structure and electronic structure. A great variety of spectroscopic, diffraction, scanning, and other techniques are now available to study the nature of solid surfaces, and models are being developed to interpret and explain the experimental data. These approaches are discussed with reference to a few examples of oxide and sulfide minerals. Although relatively few studies have been undertaken specifically of the surfaces of minerals, many of the reaction phenomena that occur in natural systems take place at mineral surfaces, so that such surface studies represent an important area of future research.

scholarly journals METAPHYSICS AND INTERDISCIPLINARY MODELS

Metaphysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 92-117
Author(s):  
O. B Balakshin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Self Similarity ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Material Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Universe

Metaphysical numerical methods of self-organization of natural systems of Nature, their interdisciplinary connections and models are investigated. They are confirmed by a number of examples and facts, predict informational beginnings and the sequence of formation of material systems of Nature. The facts relate to the chemical elements of the Universe, plants and living systems in health and disease. Their structural periods of self-organization coincide or have common roots. Systems have a “end-to-end” similarity of everything with everything on the basis of the principle of self-similarity and unlimited two-way connection of structural parameters. It is shown that the Abelian Group, the basis of self-organization of systems, allows you to systematize models based on the unity of their origins. The concept of natural self-organization of systems predicts the chemical elements of the Universe and the existence (or appearance) of other civilizations in the world under similar external conditions.

scholarly journals Shield-maidens and Norse Amazons Reconsidered Women and Weapons in Viking Age Burials in Norway

Viking ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Gardeła
Keyword(s):  
Viking Age ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
High Quality ◽  
New Ideas

This paper provides new insights into the custom of burying women with weapons in Viking Age Norway. Possible female graves furnished with swords, axe heads, spearheads and arrowheads are known from Rogaland, Sogn og Fjordane, Telemark, Trøndelag and Vestfold, and although each case is unique, they share some intriguing confluences. In additionto weapons, their assemblages often contain high quality jewellery, curated objects, amulets, and items imported from distant locations. This paper investigates various source critical and methodological issues associated with these finds and situates them in an interdisciplinary context, seeking to propose new ideas on who the deceased were in life and how their mourners wanted to remember them in death.

scholarly journals Hedley Ralph Marston, 1900-1965

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 267-293 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Land Mass ◽  
Frontier Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Von Liebig ◽  
Good Price ◽  
Selection Of

The student of human geography is often puzzled that, during the past 3000 years, the highly civilized and sea-faring peoples of Asia left so little mark on the adjacent land mass of Australia, whose human inhabitants remained at the neolithic stage of hunting and food-gathering. When the student has had a look at ‘unimproved’ areas of that continent, he is less puzzled. Millions of years of weathering of the stable ancient land surface have left much of it impoverished in nutrients for plants and animals. Much of the rest is desiccated. In most areas, the early European settlers were dependent on sheep, that could range far in search of nutrients, concentrated by such of the highly specialized flora as is edible. The resultant stringy carcasses (eked by kangaroo meat) fed the settlers, while sheep’s wool, reduced by the starvation conditions to what the trade calls ‘fine quality’, was easy to transport and commanded a good price. In more fortunate countries, the produce of the land has been traditionally regarded as an annual benefaction by a fertility deity. In Australia, the new doctrine for farmers, taught by von Liebig and based on the conservation of the chemical elements, was tested in practice more willingly than in other parts. Perhaps, anyway, the manner of selection of the original European settlers caused them and their descendants to be enterprising and receptive to new ideas above the average. The whole history of development of Australian rural life is full of examples of highly individual approach and initiative in coping with a harsh environment. Hedley Marston’s life led him into that frontier region where geochemistry and biochemistry impinge on farming. Seen from the opposite side of the world, the man and his works seem in some way to typify the Australian approach. On inspection at closer range, the typical is obscured by the idiosyncratic.

Rehabilitation of Motor Control following Stroke: Searching the Evidence

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Research Studies

Evidence-based practice is becoming an increasingly important issue and occupational therapists are frequently reminded that they must search the literature to find evidence to support their interventions. However, in many areas of practice this evidence is simply not available to be found. An example of this is in the remediation of motor control following stroke. As new ideas about motor control have emerged, some occupational therapists have expressed concern about the approaches that are currently used, in relation to their efficacy and their appropriateness. This article considers the meaning of evidence-based practice and the advantages and difficulties that it presents. The literature is then reviewed to consider evidence for traditional and contemporary approaches to motor control by occupational therapists. The disturbing lack of evidence for traditional approaches and the limited amount of evidence for new approaches are discussed. Recent studies of current practice are then explored, revealing that many occupational therapists are continuing to use approaches for which there is no supporting evidence. The article concludes with the suggestion that, rather than asking occupational therapists to search for evidence that does not exist, they should be encouraged to produce the evidence by being involved in research studies that seek to demonstrate the efficacy of different approaches.

scholarly journals Causal Inference in Microbiomes Using Intervention Calculus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musfiqur Rahman Sazal ◽  
Vitalii Stebliankin ◽  
Kalai Mathee ◽  
Giri Narasimhan
Keyword(s):  
Causal Inference ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Inference Techniques ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
The Impact

AbstractInferring causal effects is critically important in biomedical research as it allows us to move from the typical paradigm of associational studies to causal inference, and can impact treatments and therapeutics. Association patterns can be coincidental and may lead to wrong inferences in complex systems. Microbiomes are highly complex, diverse, and dynamic environments. Microbes are key players in health and diseases. Hence knowledge of genuine causal relationships among the entities in a microbiome, and the impact of internal and external factors on microbial abundance and interactions are essential for understanding disease mechanisms and making treatment recommendations.In this paper, we investigate fundamental causal inference techniques to measure the causal effects of various entities in a microbiome. In particular, we show how to use these techniques on microbiome datasets to study the rise and impact of antibiotic-resistance in microbiomes. Our main contributions include the following. We introduce a novel pipeline for microbiome studies, new ideas for experimental design under weaker assumptions, and data augmentation by context embedding. Our pipeline is robust, different from traditional approaches, and able to predict interventional effects without any controlled experiments. Our work shows the advantages of causal inference in identifying potential pathogenic, beneficial, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We validate our results using results that were previously published.

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