scholarly journals Survey of Antagonistic Action and the Mechanism of these Actions that Terpens, Phenols and their Derivatives Possess Against Different Pathogenic Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Ali Muayyed Najem ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antagonistic Action ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Ancient Civilizations ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Pathogenic Agents

Folk medicine or herbal treatment has been used for centuries by different ancient civilizations against various ailment agents, herbal medicine has been dragged attention by researchers in different medical branches focusing on therapeutically characteristic features of each plant against different pathogenic agents responsible for most devastating and terrifying diseases, in addition to thorough investigation for the phytochemical compounds in each plant responsible for its potent against pathogens. Thus, this study highlights on two major groups of secondary metabolic compounds: terpens, phenols and their derivatives as antimicrobial agents against different bacterial and fungal strains especially drug resistant bacteria which responsible for the infectivity of treatments of most infectious diseases. Furthermore, mechanisms of actions of these secondary metabolites are reviewed as the causative factors responsible for the antimicrobial activity of plants and the promising results which have been achieved in multiply these activities by making combination between these natural products and chemical drugs.

scholarly journals The Design of Alapropoginine, a Novel Conjugated Ultrashort Antimicrobial Peptide with Potent Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity in Combination with Conventional Antibiotics

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 712
Author(s):  
Ali Salama ◽  
Ammar Almaaytah ◽  
Rula M. Darwish
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

(1) Background: Antimicrobial resistance represents an urgent health dilemma facing the global human population. The development of novel antimicrobial agents is needed to face the rising number of resistant bacteria. Ultrashort antimicrobial peptides (USAMPs) are considered promising antimicrobial agents that meet the required criteria of novel antimicrobial drug development. (2) Methods: Alapropoginine was rationally designed by incorporating arginine (R), biphenylalanine (B), and naproxen to create an ultrashort hexapeptide. The antimicrobial activity of alapropoginine was evaluated against different strains of bacteria. The hemolytic activity of alapropoginine was also investigated against human erythrocytes. Finally, synergistic studies with antibiotics were performed using the checkerboard technique and the determination of the fractional inhibitory index. (3) Results: Alapropoginine displayed potent antimicrobial activities against reference and multi-drug-resistant bacteria with MIC values of as low as 28.6 µg/mL against methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Alapropoginine caused negligible toxicity toward human red blood cells. Moreover, the synergistic studies showed improved activities for the combined conventional antibiotics with a huge reduction in their antimicrobial concentrations. (4) Conclusions: The present study indicates that alapropoginine exhibits promising antimicrobial activity against reference and resistant strains of bacteria with negligible hemolytic activity. Additionally, the peptide displays synergistic or additive effects when combined with several antibiotics.

scholarly journals Light and Phages on Tackle of Infectious Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe de Paula Nogueira Cruz ◽  
Andréa Cristina Bogas ◽  
Cristina Paiva de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacteriophage Therapy ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance ◽  
Inducing Resistance

There has been an important increase in the emergence of resistance in microbial population worldwide. This trajectory needs, necessarily new approaches to treat infectious diseases. The ability to detect and prevent the evolutionary trajectories of microbial resistance would be of value. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) represents an efficient alternative treatment for diseases caused by viruses, which can cause infections well documented in various mammals. PDI can kill cells after exposure with the appropriate photosensitizer (PS), light of adequate wavelength combined with the presence of oxygen, without inducing resistance. Cytotoxic reactive species formed interaction with vital biomolecules leading to irreversible microbial inactivation. Bacteriophages can act on delivering antimicrobial agents into bacteria, which consist in a likely instrument for the treatment of infectious diseases. Non-enveloped bacteriophages are more difficult to tolerate photoinactivation than enveloped phages, which makes them an important model tool to evaluate the efficiency of PDI therapy against viruses that cause diseases in humans. Combination of photosensitizers and bacteriophage therapy can be employed to eradicate biofilms, contributing to control of infections also caused by drug-resistant bacteria.

An unexpected discovery toward novel membrane active sulfonyl thiazoles as potential MRSA DNA intercalators

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 1709-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Yuan Hu ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Tie-Jun Li ◽  
Rammohan R Yadav Bheemanaboina ◽  
Mohammad Fawad Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Dna Intercalators ◽  
Dna Targeting ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Aim: With the increasing emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, the need for new antimicrobial agents has become extremely urgent. This work was to develop sulfonyl thiazoles as potential antibacterial agents. Results & methodology: Novel hybrids of sulfonyl thiazoles were developed from commercial acetanilide and acetylthiazole. Hybrids 6e and 6f displayed excellent inhibitory efficacy against clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (minimum inhibitory concentration = 1 μg/ml) without obvious toxicity toward normal mammalian cells (RAW 264.7). The combination uses were found to improve the antimicrobial ability. Further preliminary antibacterial mechanism experiments showed that the active molecule 6f could effectively interfere with MRSA membrane and insert into MRSA DNA. Conclusion: Compounds 6e and 6f could serve as potential DNA-targeting templates toward the development of promising antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Blocking the Trigger: Inhibition of the Initiation of Bacterial Chromosome Replication as an Antimicrobial Strategy

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Julia E. Grimwade ◽  
Alan C. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Chromosome Replication ◽  
Bacterial Chromosome ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Novel Drug

All bacterial cells must duplicate their genomes prior to dividing into two identical daughter cells. Chromosome replication is triggered when a nucleoprotein complex, termed the orisome, assembles, unwinds the duplex DNA, and recruits the proteins required to establish new replication forks. Obviously, the initiation of chromosome replication is essential to bacterial reproduction, but this process is not inhibited by any of the currently-used antimicrobial agents. Given the urgent need for new antibiotics to combat drug-resistant bacteria, it is logical to evaluate whether or not unexploited bacterial processes, such as orisome assembly, should be more closely examined for sources of novel drug targets. This review will summarize current knowledge about the proteins required for bacterial chromosome initiation, as well as how orisomes assemble and are regulated. Based upon this information, we discuss current efforts and potential strategies and challenges for inhibiting this initiation pharmacologically.

scholarly journals Mechanism and challenges associated with adaptation and evolution of drug-resistant bacteria: an overview

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Shikha Kapil ◽  
Tarun Kumar ◽  
Vipasha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Random Mutation ◽  
Protein Carriers ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Vertical Evolution

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the leading challenges in the human healthcare segment. Advances in antimicrobial resistance studies have revealed various intrinsic, adaptive or acquired factors to be involved for pathogenicity. Antimicrobial agents are either bactericidal or bacteriostatic in action and prescribed according to the mode of action. Various factors are confined for the antimicrobial activity of these agents via biochemical, mechanical, physiological and molecular mechanisms. Microbial cell expresses a number of alternates responsible for the evolution of resistance against these agent activities involving cell surface modifications, enzyme inhibitions, modifications in efflux system, protein carriers and mutations in nucleic acids. Apart from this, the successful adaptations of such microbes have also been observed with the transfer of responsible genes through miscellaneous operations such as vertical evolution, horizontal gene transfer, co-selection, compensatory and random mutation. In addition, alterations or modifications in biochemical and physiological mechanisms at cellular levels are also responsible for antibiotic resistance. This article briefly shows the present scenario of antimicrobial resistance and the alternatives to overcome this global issue in future.

scholarly journals Selection and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in Agri-food production

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guyue Cheng ◽  
Jianan Ning ◽  
Saeed Ahmed ◽  
Junhong Huang ◽  
Rizwan Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Abstract Public unrest about the use of antimicrobial agents in farming practice is the leading cause of increasing and the emergences of Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria that have placed pressure on the agri-food industry to act. The usage of antimicrobials in food and agriculture have direct or indirect effects on the development of Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by bacteria associated with animals and plants which may enter the food chain through consumption of meat, fish, vegetables or some other food sources. In addition to antimicrobials, recent reports have shown that AMR is associated with tolerance to heavy metals existing naturally or used in agri-food production. Besides, biocides including disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives which are widely used in farms and slaughter houses may also contribute in the development of AMR. Though the direct transmission of AMR from food-animals and related environment to human is still vague and debatable, the risk should not be neglected. Therefore, combined global efforts are necessary for the proper use of antimicrobials, heavy metals and biocides in agri-food production to control the development of AMR. These collective measures will preserve the effectiveness of existing antimicrobials for future generations.

scholarly journals Tackling Antibiotic Resistance with Compounds of Natural Origin: A Comprehensive Review

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Álvarez-Martínez ◽  
Enrique Barrajón-Catalán ◽  
Vicente Micol
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Natural Antimicrobial ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Drug-resistant bacteria pose a serious threat to human health worldwide. Current antibiotics are losing efficacy and new antimicrobial agents are urgently needed. Living organisms are an invaluable source of antimicrobial compounds. The antimicrobial activity of the most representative natural products of animal, bacterial, fungal and plant origin are reviewed in this paper. Their activity against drug-resistant bacteria, their mechanisms of action, the possible development of resistance against them, their role in current medicine and their future perspectives are discussed. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect were used to search scientific contributions until September 2020, using relevant keywords. Natural compounds of heterogeneous origins have been shown to possess antimicrobial capabilities, including against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The most commonly found mechanisms of antimicrobial action are related to protein biosynthesis and alteration of cell walls and membranes. Various natural compounds, especially phytochemicals, have shown synergistic capacity with antibiotics. There is little literature on the development of specific resistance mechanisms against natural antimicrobial compounds. New technologies such as -omics, network pharmacology and informatics have the potential to identify and characterize new natural antimicrobial compounds in the future. This knowledge may be useful for the development of future therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage therapy: a potential solution for the antibiotic resistance crisis

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhabiz Golkar ◽  
Omar Bagasra ◽  
Donald Gene Pace
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacteriophage Therapy ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
History Of

The emergence of multiple drug-resistant bacteria has prompted interest in alternatives to conventional antimicrobials. One of the possible replacement options for antibiotics is the use of bacteriophages as antimicrobial agents. Phage therapy is an important alternative to antibiotics in the current era of drug-resistant pathogens. Bacteriophages have played an important role in the expansion of molecular biology and have been used as antibacterial agents since 1966. In this review, we describe a brief history of bacteriophages and clinical studies on their use in bacterial disease prophylaxis and therapy. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of bacteriophages as therapeutic agents in this regard.

Synthesis Ruthenium complexes Functionalized with Benzothiophene and their Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangwen Liao ◽  
lianghong liu ◽  
yanhui Tan ◽  
guijuan jiang ◽  
haihong fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ruthenium Complexes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

New effective antimicrobial agents with novel mode of action are urgently need due to the continued emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Here, three ruthenium complexes functionalized with benzothiophene: [Ru(phen)2(BTPIP)](ClO4)2 (Ru(II)-1), [Ru(dmp)2(BTPIP)](ClO4)2...

scholarly journals Combined Use of the Ab105-2фΔCI Lytic Mutant Phage and Different Antibiotics in Clinical Isolates of Multiresistant Acinetobacter Baumannii

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Blasco ◽  
Anton Ambroa ◽  
Maria Lopez ◽  
Laura Fernandez-Garcia ◽  
Ines Bleriot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Lytic Phage ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiresistant Strains

The global health emergency caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria has led to the search for and development of new antimicrobial agents. Phage therapy is an abandoned antimicrobial therapy that has been resumed in recent years. In this study, we mutated a lysogenic phage from Acinetobacter baumannii into a lytic phage (Ab105-2phiΔCI) showing antimicrobial activity against A.baumannii clinical strains (such as Ab177_GEIH-2000 which showed MICs to meropenem and imipenem of 32 µg/ml and 16 µg/ml, respectively as well as belonging to GEIH-REIPI Spanish Multicenter A. baumannii Study II 2000/2010, Umbrella Genbank Bioproject PRJNA422585). We then enhanced the time kill curves (in vitro) and in Galleria mellonella survival assays (in vivo) antimicrobial activity of the new lytic phage by combining it with carbapenem antibiotics (meropenem and imipenem). We observed in vitro, an antimicrobial synergistic effect (from 4 log to 7 log CFU/ml) with meropenem plus lytic phage in all combinations analysed (0.1, 1 and 10 MOI of Ab105-2phiΔCI mutant as well as 1/4 and 1/8 MIC of meropenem). Moreover, we had a decrease in bacterial growth of 8 log CFU/ml for the combination of imipenem at 1/4 MIC plus lytic phage (Ab105-2phiΔCI mutant) and of 4 log CFU/ml for the combination of imipenem at 1/8 MIC plus lytic phage (Ab105-2phiΔCI mutant) in both MOI 1 and 10. These results were confirmed in in vivo (G. mellonella) obtaining a higher effectiveness in the combination of imipenem and Ab105-2phiΔCI mutant (P<0.05 by Log Rank-Matel Cox test). This approach could help to reduce the emergence of phage resistant bacteria and restore sensitivity to the antibiotics when used to combat multiresistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii.

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