scholarly journals Dampak ekspor ke Jepang dan investasi asing terhadap pendapatan perkapita masyarakat di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Candra Mustika ◽  
Erni Achmad ◽  
Etik Umiyati
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Period

This study aims to analyze the development of exports to Japan and foreign direct investment and per capita income in Indonesia during the period 1993-2014 also the impact of exports to Japan and foreign direct investment on per capita income of Indonesian people in that period. During research period starting in 1993-2014 where the GDP per capita has fluctuated where the average value is 15.058 in thousand rupiahs per year with an average growth of 16.61%, then the results obtained during that period the highest growth in 1998 is 50.50% and the lowest growth occurred in 2012 which was 8.46%. FDI Indonesia has fluctuated with an average value of 17,804.61 million US dollars and with an average growth of 15.35%. From the regression results on both models, the results found that in the first model the value of exports to Japan has a positive and significant effect on GDP per capita while the FDI variable does not have a positive and significant effect on GDP per capita

Film Production And Economic Performance: Should South Africa Invest In Movies?

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Andrew Phiri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Film Production ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita

The movie industry is increasingly recognised as a possible avenue for improving economic performance. This study focuses on film production and its influence on South African economic growth (per capita income and employment between 1970 and 2020). Our autoregressive lag distributive (ARDL) estimates on a loglinearised endogenous growth model augmented with creative capital indicate that the production of movies has no significant effects on long-run GDP growth, per capita GDP and employment. The baseline regressions find a short-run positive and significant influence of film production on per capita income and are devoid of long-run effects. However, re-estimating the regressions with interactive terms between movie production and i) government spending ii) foreign direct investment, improve the significance of film regression coefficients which all turn positive and significant, for government spending, and negative for foreign direct investment. Our results indicate that foreign investment crowds out domestic investment whilst government investment in movies is growth-enhancing.

scholarly journals Modelling the Income Distributions in the Czech Republic since 1992

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Bílková ◽  
Ivana Malá
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this article is to study incomes in the Czech Republic and their development since 1992. The net annual per capita income of Czech households is analysed for all households and their respective subpopulations. Data from the microcensus 1992, 1996, 2002, and EU-SILC 2005–2008 surveys carried out by the Czech Statistical Office are used. The subpopulations are defined by a household’s location (Bohemia or Moravia), and education and age of the head of the household in order to compare the distributions ofthe income in Bohemia and Moravia and to quantify the impact of education and age on incomes. The three-parameter lognormal distribution is chosen as a probability distribution to model the per capita income distribution for the whole population and for subpopulations. To estimate the unknown parameters, the maximum likelihood method and that of L-moments are employed. The medians of equalised incomes are given for the EU members and the average growth in the 2004–2007 period is compared. For the Czech Republic, a comparison of the medians of per capita and equivalised income is made.

Determinants of China’s outward foreign direct investment in the Belt & Road economies

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Shahriar ◽  
Sokvibol Kea ◽  
Lu Qian
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Outward Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the major determinants of China’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in the economies along the “Belt & Road” Initiative (BRI afterward). China works on to advance the agenda of the BRI both at home and abroad. The BRI is set up to promote connectivity in five key areas: policy coordination, infrastructure connectivity, trade facilitation, financial cooperation and people-to-people contacts. Design/methodology/approach The existing literature is inconclusive with regards to the motives, patterns and determinants of the Chinese OFDI. The authors are, therefore, motivated to undertake this study to shed some new light on the influencing factors of the Chinese OFDI. The authors have made a unique data set that consists of China and its 64 partnering countries of the BRI over a time period of 12 years spanning from 2004 to 2015. This time period is chosen on the chief consideration of data availability. The authors have a balanced panel, and applied the gravity model in line with the theoretical arguments and econometric developments. Findings The paper assumes that China’s OFDI along the BRI was a function of gross domestic product (GDP), income per capita, distance and WTO. The findings showed that GDP, per capita income and distance were the key determinants of the OFDI. China’s entry into the WTO did not strongly affect the OFDI. China maintained a tradition of historical relationships along the BRI economies. After all, China is relocating its investment resources in line with the consideration of its partnering countries’ economic size, cross-border distance and per capita income. Originality/value This study is the first of its kinds to analyze the determinants of OFDI by means of gravity model. The authors have covered all the countries along the BRI. Hence, this paper aims to make a substantial contribution to the literature, both from a scientific and a policy perspective.

scholarly journals An Analysis on the Impact of Natural Disasters on the Economy of the Philippines

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Bea Bringas ◽  
Lance Jared Bunyi ◽  
Carlos L. Manapat
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Time Series Regression ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Over the past century, natural disasters have been terrorizing the economy by causing human fatalities and damaging infrastructure and production inputs. The Solow growth model suggests that natural disasters adversely affect gross domestic product (GDP) since these disrupt the production of inputs. On the contrary, the Schumpeterian growth theory provides an explanation behind the positive effect of natural disasters on economic growth. This study analyzed the relationship between natural disasters (i.e. earthquake, flood, and storm), economic activities (i.e. foreign aid and foreign direct investment) and GDP per capita income in the Philippines from 1990 to 2019. This study employed a multivariate analysis, time series regression, and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. The results revealed a complex relationship between GDP per capita and the regressors. In the short run, the independent variables have a negative and significant relationship with the country’s per capita income. On the contrary, only FDI has a significant long-run relationship with the economy of the Philippines. The results highlight the Philippines’ need for comprehensive disaster plans and to lessen its dependence on foreign and external factors.

Poverty issues, including the working poverty in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2294-2312
Author(s):  
Tat'yana A. ZHURAVLEVA ◽  
Anastasiya E. ZUBANOVA ◽  
Yuliya S. SOROKVASHINA
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
The State ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Working Poverty ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The poverty of the population with all features and factors of its manifestation causes deep structural problems that affect the development of the national economy. Objectives. The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the poverty of the population category, using statistical data, identification of causes of the gap in the level of salaries of Russian and foreign specialists, determination of factors that have the greatest impact on the development of working poverty in Russia. Methods. The study draws on methods of logical and statistical analysis. Results. We considered approaches to the definition of poverty in Russia and other countries, analyzed absolute and relative poverty in Russia, the impact of subsistence minimum on the definition of poverty, assessed nominal and real incomes of the population. The ratio of the average per capita income of the population and the subsistence minimum decreased over the past decade, however, the poverty was not overcome during this period. The per capita income in Russia turned out to be low, real incomes continue to decline. Due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, a decline in wages can be traced, both in space and in time. Conclusions. Worsening the poverty situation in the country creates a chain of problems related to the distrust of the State policy in the social and labor spheres, expanded production slowdown, an increase in social tension in the society. A reduction of working poverty should be a priority task for the State.

Role of economic reforms on dismantling barriers to inter-state migration in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Sunetra Ghatak ◽  
Debajit Jha
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
The Common ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Linguistic Divide ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inter State

Traditionally inter-state migration in India was limited compared to within state migration. Economic reforms in the early 1990s have boosted inter-state migration in the country. Hence, it is important to understand the impact of economic reforms on the determinants of inter-state migration. Recent studies have identified that state border; linguistic divide and per capita income play an important role in determining the location of inter-state migration in India. In this paper, we tried to understand the impact of economic reforms on the choice of the location of inter-state migration in the country by using a gravity model framework. We found that while the impact of per capita income difference has increased in the post-reform period, the impact of the common-border has declined. Moreover, the impact of the linguistic divide has initially increased after reforms.

scholarly journals Do Democratic Economies Grow Faster? The Case of Asia vs. the EU

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Samuel D. Barrows
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Economic Growth Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The dynamics of the five fastest growing GDP per capita economies in Asia and the EU are studied between 2010 and 2014. This time frame was selected in order to avoid the height of the 2008-2009 financial crisis, but to include the stimulus and recovery periods which occurred afterward. The intent was not to compare the recoveries or the impact of the stimulus programs. The intent was to compare the economic growth rates of the two groups and also the absolute per capita income along with five topic areas on economies including: configuration, utilization, investments, demographics, and outcomes. A total of twenty measurements are used for assessment from the World Bank databank website. The findings are that the Asian economies grew faster while the EU economies had a higher per capita income. The workforces of the Asia economies are also younger and more flexible whereas the workforces of the EU economies are older, but more educated. Discussions include the links between effective governments and economic development and the links between democracy and economic levels.

scholarly journals Regional Integration: Do Intra-African Trade and Migration Improve Income in Africa?

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaise Gnimassoun
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

Regional integration in Africa is a subject of great interest, but its impact on income has not been studied sufficiently. Using cross-sectional and panel estimations, this article examines the impact of African integration on real per capita income in Africa. Accordingly, we consider intra-African trade and migration flows as quantitative measures reflecting the intensity of regional integration. To address the endogeneity concerns, we use a gravity-based, two-stage least-squares strategy. Our results show that, from a long-term perspective, African integration has not been strong enough to generate a positive, significant, and robust impact on real per capita income in Africa. However, it does appear to be significantly income-enhancing in the short and medium terms but only through intercountry migration. These results are robust to a wide range of specifications.

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