scholarly journals Relative incidence of aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) and Alternaria blight on mustard in sub-mountainous region of Punjab

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 694-699
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
◽  
K.K. Sharma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Mustard Aphid ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Alternaria Blight ◽  
Relative Incidence ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cent Disease

Aim: To study the relative incidence of mustard aphid and Alternaria blight on different rapeseed-mustard varieties to assess their resistant or tolerant and most suitable variety for sub-mountainous area of Punjab. Methodology: The experiment was conducted on four mustard varieties (RLM-619, PBR-97, PBR-357 and Giriraj) with five replications in randomized block design during two crop seasons, i.e. Rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20 under sub-mountainous areas of Punjab. Aphid population was recorded at weekly interval. Disease severity was calculated using 0-5 rating scale and per cent disease intensity was calculated. Results: RLM-619 variety exhibited the lowest aphid infestation (7.92 and 8.96%) and minimum per cent disease intensity (28.0 and 33.33%) on leaves and siliqua (33.33 and 38.33%) which also gave highest yield (739.33 kg acre-1 and 735.67 kg acre-1) during the year 2018-19 and 2019-20. The lowest seed yield (487.67 kg acre-1 and 480.67 kg acre-1) was recorded in variety Giriraj, which was found susceptible to aphid infestation and Alternaria blight. Interpretation: RLM-619 exhibited tolerance against aphid and Alternaria blight, hence, this variety may be used as a key component under integrated pest and disease management in sub-mountainous area of Punjab in future.

Efficacy of novel insecticides against mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Nand Kishor Maurya ◽  
Rajendra Singh ◽  
Joginder Singh ◽  
Rashmi Nigam ◽  
Wajid Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Mustard Aphid ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Crop Research ◽  
Better Than

An examination was carried out to study in randomized block design with three replications at Crop Research Centre, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut during rabi 2014-15, the evaluation of novel insecticides viz., imidadoprid, acephate, chlorpyriphos, fipronil, thiamethoxam, dimethoate, and pymetrozine, against L. erysimi revealed that all the treatments schedule proved better than control at all the time intervals after each spray. The thiamethoxam 25% WG @100 g/ha was found most effective treatment in reducing the aphids population followed by acephate 75 SP @ 500g/ha. The pymetrozine 50 WG @ 250 g/ha was recorded less effective. Among conventional insecticides imidadoprid 17.8 SL @ 150 ml/ha was found more effective than dimethoate 30% EC @ 1000 ml/ha and fipronil 5 SC @ 1000 ml/ha. The higher yield was obtained from thiamethoxam 25% WG @100 g/ha with (17.15 q/ha) whereas, highest cost benefit ratio is obtained from imidadoprid 17.8 SL @ 150 ml/ha with (1:9.54).

scholarly journals Quantification of Avoidable Yield Losses in Oilseed Brassica Caused by Insect Pests

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagdev Kular ◽  
Sarwan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Eruca Sativa ◽  
Mustard Aphid ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Quantification of Avoidable Yield Losses in OilseedBrassicaCaused by Insect PestsA six year field study was conducted from 2001-2002 to 2006-2007 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India to study the losses in seed yield of differentBrassicaspecies (B. juncea, B. napus, B. carinata, B. rapaandEruca sativa) by the infestation of insect pests. The experiment was conducted in two different sets viz. protected/sprayed and unprotected, in a randomized block design, with three replications. Data on the infestation of insect pests, and seed yield were recorded at weekly intervals and at harvest, respectively. The loss in seed yield, due to mustard aphid and cabbage caterpillar, varied from 6.5 to 26.4 per cent.E. sativasuffered the least loss in seed yield and harboured the minimum population of mustard aphid (2.1 aphids/plant) and cabbage caterpillar (2.4 larvae/plant). On the other hand,B. carinatawas highly susceptible to the cabbage caterpillar (26.2 larvae/plant) and suffered the maximum yield loss (26.4%).

scholarly journals Efficacy of Biorational Compounds against Mustard Aphid (Lipaphis erysimi Kalt.) and English Grain Aphid (Sitobion avenae Fab.) under Laboratory Conditions in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dipak Khanal ◽  
Salu Maharjan ◽  
Jamuna Lamichhane ◽  
Pritika Neupane ◽  
Srijana Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Verticillium Lecanii ◽  
Mustard Aphid ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Grain Aphid

Mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) and English grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) are among the most important pests in mustard and wheat fields in Nepal. Biocide Manic (Metarhizium anisopliae a.i. = 1 × 109 spores/ml) at 3 ml/l water, Agri Sakti (Beauveria bassiana a.i. = 1 × 109 spores/ml) at 3.3 ml/l water, Varunastra (Verticillium lecanii spores 2% aqueous suspension, 2 × 108 CFU/ml) at 6 ml/l water, Mahastra (Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki 0.5% wettable powder) at 6 g/l water, Neemraj Super (Azadirachitin 0.3% w/w) at 3.3 ml/l water, Tracer (Spinosad 90% spinosyns) at 0.33 ml/l water, and control treatment (pure water) were used to test their efficacy against L. erysimi and S. avenae, using leaf dip and spray methods under laboratory conditions in Rupandehi, Nepal, in the year 2018. Each treatment was replicated four times, and the experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design. Mortality of aphids was recorded at 24, 48, 72, and 98 hours after treatment application. The result revealed highest mortality of mustard aphids with Agri Sakti at 24 hours after treatment (HAT); however, Neemraj Super was found to be the most effective at 48, 72, and 96 HAT with the leaf spray method. With the leaf dip method, Neemraj Super killed more mustard aphids than other treatments at all observed time points. Among tested biorational products, Agri Sakti was found to be most effective against English grain aphids in both leaf spray and leaf dip methods. In all the bioassays, the mortality caused by biorational compounds over control was highly significant. The present study suggests for further verification of the biorational products in the field and development of novel management strategies against different species of aphids.

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Leaf Mulching in Ginger on Yield and Soil Health at NICRA Village in Chatra District of Jharkhand: A Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Dharma Oraon ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
Ajit Kumar Singh ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
R. K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Technology Intervention ◽  
Selection Of

The FLD experiment was conducted in 20 replication (Farmers field) in National Innovation on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) village Mardanpur in Arra Panchat of Chatra block in Chatra district of Jharkhand on three consecutive year 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17. The FLD experiment was conducted in randomized block design with 2000 m2 plot size for each technological option. The two technology options are as follows TO-I: (Farmers Practice) Burning of plant leaf in forest area and use as cooking material and transplanting ginger in the month of May without mulching with N100P60K60. TO-II: Mulching of ginger field by plant leaf (5 q/ha) with N75P40K45. The rationale behind selection of technology option (TO-II) was disseminate scientific recommendations i.e. mulching of ginger field to demonstrated famers convincing the benefit of mulching in the place of burning leaf in forest area. The data on soil chemical analysis before and after mulching, yield and economic was recorded for better interpretation matrix ranking was done for each of intervened treatments on the basis of farmers criteria matrix ranking was accomplished through participatory rural appraisal. Farmer’s reaction was measure in five point rating scale. The overall score reflecting the degree of favorable, unfavorable and neutral to the related technology intervention (Negative = 2.5, Natural = 2.3 – 3.5 and positive above = 3.5). Result indicated that on an average ginger yield was 144.83 q/ha in farmers practice where as in technology option (TO-II), it was 187.7 q/ha respectively. Return per rupee spent was also found more in TO-II i.e. 4.99 as compare to farmer practice i.e. 3.88.

scholarly journals Eco-friendly management of major diseases in jute (Corchorus olitorius L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Meena ◽  
A. Roy ◽  
B. S. Gotyal ◽  
S. Mitra ◽  
S. Satpathy
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Farm Yard Manure ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Fibre Yield ◽  
Cent Disease

Field experiment was conducted for disease management with seven eco-friendly treatments in Corchorus olitorius jute during 2012-2013 under randomized block design (RBD) in three replications with variety JRO-524. The ecofriendly treatment 50% N: P: K + seed treatments with Azotobacter and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) @ 5g/Kg+ Trichoderma viride (seed treatment @ 5g/Kg of seed and soil application @ 2Kg/ha at 21DAS) + Psuedomonas fluorescens spray @ 0.2% at 45DAS was found superior with minimum per cent disease incidence (3.46 and 1.43%) as compared to control (13.17 and 4.96%). The second best treatment was found with Farm yard manure (FYM) @ 5t/ha + seed treatment with Azotobecter and PSB @ 5g/Kg+ T. viride (seed treatment @ 5g/Kg of seed and soil application @ 2Kg/ha 21DAS)+ P. fluorescencs spray @ 0.2% at 45DAS and showed 3.61 and 2.0% disease incidence. The treatment with N: P: K @ 60:30:30 and seed treatment with carbendazim 50WP @ 2g/Kg at 45DAS showed 4.56 and 2.10 % disease incidence. Dry fibre yield was highest (30.33q/ha) in the plots treated with FYM @ 5t/ha + seed treatment with Azotobacter and PSB @ 5g/Kg+ T. viride (seed treatment @ 5g/Kg of seed and soil application @ 2Kg/ha at 21DAS) + P. fluorescencs spray @ 0.2% at 45DAS) and it was lowest in untreated control (15.69 q/ha).Variation in yield was attributed due to difference in plant height.

scholarly journals Farmer’s Management Practices Adopted Against Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.): A Survey of Chitwan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Kapil Kafle ◽  
Mahesh Jaishi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Mustard Aphid ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Development Committee ◽  
Village Development Committee ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Insect pests are the major constraints of crop production. Mustard aphid is the major problems of rapeseed contributing mustard decline in Chitwan, Nepal. Semi-structured questionnaire survey was conducted on randomly selected farmers of Chainpir Village Development Committee (VDC), Chitwan after a pre-testing in Mangalpur VDC to study the farmers’ knowledge and management practices adopted against mustard aphid in Chitwan. Study revealed majority (60%) of the respondent suggested aphid as the major insect of rapeseed and moreover, 86% of the respondent experienced it to cause 25% loss to the crop yield. Much proportion of respondents (58%) also realized low temperature with high humidity at the time of flowering as a cause in higher aphid infestation. Farmers use 2-3 sprays of chemical insecticide to control aphid but was found to destroy natural enemies and bee population besides damaging natural environment and human health. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(1): 78-82

scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE FUNGICIDES AGAINST ALTERNARIA BLIGHT OF BRASSICA

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Ahmed Subhani ◽  
Muhammad Atiq ◽  
Nasir A. Rajput ◽  
Muhammad R. Bashir ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Alternaria Blight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Brassica campestris is the leading oilseed crop of Pakistan. It fulfills 20% oil requirement of Pakistan. This crop is affected by various biotic and abiotic factors. Among all other yield limiting biotic constraints, Alternaria blight, caused by Alternaria brassicae playes imperative role. In the current research fifteen advanced lines/genotypes (Punjab Canola, Faisal Canola, Shirale, Dunkeld, Rainbow, AC-Excel, Legend, Oscar, Cyclone, Con II, Con III, Bulbul 98, DGL, B.S.A, Toria selection) were sown at Department of Plant Pathology with three replications under Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) by maintaining the plant to plant (P×P) distance of 45 cm and bed to bed (B×B) distance of 75 cm. Two genotypes i.e. Punjab canola (48.83%), Faisal canola (50.06%) exhibited moderately resistant response. Similarly, eight commercially available fungicides namely Rally 40% WP (Myclobutanil 40%), Chlorotoxin (Azoxystrobin 5.4%+Chlorothalonil 45%), Alliette 80% WP (Fosetyli-Aluminium 80%), Success 70% WP (Metalaxyl 8% + Chlorothalonil 64%), Swing 72% (Metalaxyl 8% +Mancozeb 64%), Cytrol 75% (Thiophanate-methyl 35% + Chlorothalonil 40%), Antracol (Propineb 70%) and Score 250 EC (Difenconazole 250EC) were used with two concentrations viz. 0.25% and 0.50% of each fungicide under filed conditions with three replication and Randomized Complete Block Design. It was observed that both concentrations (0.25% and 0.50%) of swing played statistically significant role to inhibit the disease incidence. Therefore, it is concluded that Punjab Canola and Faisal Canola are statistically reliable advanced lines as compared to all other thirteen advanced lines/ genotypes. Likewise, the concentrations 0.25% and 0.50% of swing have statistically more potential to retard the disease incidence as compared to all other commercially available fungicides.

Pengaruh Tanaman Aromatik Dalam Sistem Tanam Tumpangsari Dengan Cabai Merah Terhadap Serangan Trips dan Kutudaun (Effect of Aromatic Plants on Thrips and Aphid Infestation in Intercropping System with Hot Pepper)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Tonny Koestoni Moekasan
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
System A ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Thrips Population

<p>Tanaman aromatik seperti seledri dan kemangi mengandung minyak esensial yang antara lain bersifat sebagai penolak hama. Oleh karena itu tanaman tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu cara pengendalian hama dengan cara ditumpangsarikan dengan tanaman utama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana tanaman seledri dan kemangi yang ditumpangsarikan dengan cabai merah dalam menekan populasi hama trips dan kutudaun pada tanaman cabai merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Margahayu (1.250 m dpl.), Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran di Lembang, dari bulan Maret sampai Agustus 2016.  Penelitian disusun alam rancangan acak kelompok dengan pola petak terpisah. Petak utama ialah sistem tanam (A), yang terdiri atas: (a1) tumpangsari cabai-seledri, (a2) tumpangsari cabai-kemangi, dan (a3) cabai monokultur. Anak petak ialah penyemprotan insektisida (B), yang terdiri atas: (b1) disemprot insektisida 2x/minggu dan (b2) tidak disemprot insektisida. Setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang sebanyak empat kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) dalam sistem tumpangsari dengan cabai, seledri dan kemangi mampu menekan populasi trips masing-masing sebesar 35,84% dan 34,76%, serta menekan populasi kutudaun masing-masing sebesar 44% dan 50,25%; (2) penggunaan seledri dan kemangi dibandingkan dengan penggunaan insektisida menunjukkan penekanan yang lebih baik terhadap trips dan kutudaun, sehingga penggunaan tanaman aromatik tersebut dalam sistem tumpangsari dengan cabai mampu menekan penggunaan insektisida hingga 100%; dan (3) penggunaan seledri dan kemangi dalam sistem tanam tumpangsari dengan cabai mampu meningkatkan hasil panen cabai masing-masing sebesar 61,89% dan 65,04%.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Cabai (<em>Capsicum annuum</em>); Seledri (<em>Apium graveolens</em>); Kemangi (<em>Ocimum basilicum</em>); Tumpangsari; Hama</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Aromatic plants like celery and basil contain essential oils that able to repel the pests. Therefore, these aromatic plants can be used in intercropping system to control pests of the main crop. The aim of the research was to know how far celery and basil in intercropping with hot pepper in reducing thrips and aphid infestation on hot pepper. The activity was carried out in Margahayu Research Garden (1,250 m asl.), Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute at Lembang. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with split plot pattern and each combination treatment was replicated four times. The main plot was planting system (A): (a1) hot pepper intercropped with celery, (a2) hot pepper intercropped with basil, and (a3) hot pepper monoculture. The sub plot was insecticide spraying (B): (b1) spray with insecticide 2x/week and (b2) without insecticide spraying. Results showed that: (1) in intercropping system with hot pepper, celery and basil were able to reduce thrips population by 35.84% and 34.76% respectively, and were able to reduce aphid population by 44% and 50,25% respectively; (2) use of celery and basil compared with insecticide showed a better suppression on thrips and aphid population, so that the use of these aromatic plants was able to reduce insecticide spraying by 100%; and (3) use of celery and basil was able to increase the hot pepper yield by 61.89% and 65.04% respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Breeding Resistance for Post Flowering Stalk rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) in Maize Identification of Resistance against Post Flowering Stalk Rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) in Maize

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
M. Banoth ◽  
K. Prabhavathi ◽  
D. Bhadru ◽  
B. Mallaiah
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
High Yields

Maize is one of the most important staple food crops in the World. However, the yields of maize have been affected by various fungal infestations. Post flowering stalk rot is one of the devastating diseases and so, we planned our study to order to identify suitable resistance maize genotypes against post flowering stalk rot (PFSR) complex caused by Macrophomina phaseolina through in-vivo screening and toothpick method for creating artificial epiphytotics. A total of 20 maize inbreds were screened and crossed in Line × Tester mating design (15 × 5) during Kharif 2019, Six resistant inbred lines were identified and generated the 75 F1s (SCHs) at MRC, ARI, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. All these 20 parents and 75 F1s along with three checks were evaluated by raising the crop in disease sick plot accompanied by toothpick inoculation during Rabi, 2019-20, in a Randomized Block Design with two replications. The field screening of maize genotypes by the standard toothpick method which needs about 40 days for expression of plant drying symptoms due to PFSR and data are possible to record only at the time of crop harvesting using 1-9 rating scale of PFSR for scoring disease severity in-vivo condition by splitting the stem of each plant. As a result, most of the genotypes were exhibited disease reaction varying from resistant (score 2) to moderately resistant (score 5) against M. phaseolina. While studying the genetics of PFSR, we found that interaction of lines and testers were proportionally contributed towards resistant, and degree of dominance is preferably non-additive gene action, it shows that the magnitude of dominance was higher than additive effect indicating that PFSR resistance is largely governed by dominance effect i.e., non additive component is not fixable for resistance. It is also found that the resistant genotypes also exhibited highest significant positive heterosis and combining ability effects (GCA and SCA). A considerable yield reduction in grain yield (10.5 to 28.3%) over checks was observed in susceptible lines. Most of the genotypes were found resistant as the reduction in yield is low. Hybrids developed using such lines exhibited high yields which are promoted for extensive testing to know their stability before release as commercial hybrids.

scholarly journals Synthetic Insecticides and Bio-pesticide Affect Natural Enemies of Aphid (Lipaphis erysimi Kalt) in Mustard

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Dwivedi ◽  
R. S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Ladybird Beetle ◽  
Testing Period ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Syrphid Fly

Background: The prime intention of this research work was to assess the effect of synthetic insecticides and bio-pesticide against natural enemies of aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.), mainly ladybird beetle Coccinella septumpunctata (Linnaeus) and syrphid fly, Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) in mustard was evaluated. Methods: The field experiment was conducted at Student Research Farm, Department of Entomology, CSAUA and T Kanpur during Rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15. Experiment conducted in Randomized block design with three replication and eight treatments. Imidacloprid, deltamethrin, spinosad, fipronil, thiamethoxam, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana were tested against natural enemies and available population of natural enemies of aphid were recorded before 1 day and after 3, 5, 7 and 14 days of spray application. M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were the most effective with less toxicity against Ladybird beetle and syrphid fly by continuously increasing population after application. Though all the tested chemical insecticides were found toxic to the lady bird beetle and syrphid fly larvae, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were found relatively safer to other insecticides by recording less mortality after 14 days of spraying during two years testing period. Result: M. anisopliae, B. bassiana, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam may be used for the management of insect pests because of their less toxicity to beneficial insects.

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