Breeding Resistance for Post Flowering Stalk rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) in Maize Identification of Resistance against Post Flowering Stalk Rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) in Maize

Maize is one of the most important staple food crops in the World. However, the yields of maize have been affected by various fungal infestations. Post flowering stalk rot is one of the devastating diseases and so, we planned our study to order to identify suitable resistance maize genotypes against post flowering stalk rot (PFSR) complex caused by Macrophomina phaseolina through in-vivo screening and toothpick method for creating artificial epiphytotics. A total of 20 maize inbreds were screened and crossed in Line × Tester mating design (15 × 5) during Kharif 2019, Six resistant inbred lines were identified and generated the 75 F1s (SCHs) at MRC, ARI, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. All these 20 parents and 75 F1s along with three checks were evaluated by raising the crop in disease sick plot accompanied by toothpick inoculation during Rabi, 2019-20, in a Randomized Block Design with two replications. The field screening of maize genotypes by the standard toothpick method which needs about 40 days for expression of plant drying symptoms due to PFSR and data are possible to record only at the time of crop harvesting using 1-9 rating scale of PFSR for scoring disease severity in-vivo condition by splitting the stem of each plant. As a result, most of the genotypes were exhibited disease reaction varying from resistant (score 2) to moderately resistant (score 5) against M. phaseolina. While studying the genetics of PFSR, we found that interaction of lines and testers were proportionally contributed towards resistant, and degree of dominance is preferably non-additive gene action, it shows that the magnitude of dominance was higher than additive effect indicating that PFSR resistance is largely governed by dominance effect i.e., non additive component is not fixable for resistance. It is also found that the resistant genotypes also exhibited highest significant positive heterosis and combining ability effects (GCA and SCA). A considerable yield reduction in grain yield (10.5 to 28.3%) over checks was observed in susceptible lines. Most of the genotypes were found resistant as the reduction in yield is low. Hybrids developed using such lines exhibited high yields which are promoted for extensive testing to know their stability before release as commercial hybrids.

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Insights into the Positive Effect of Pyraclostrobin on Sugarcane Productivity

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy8070122 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 122 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amanda Moreira Lopes ◽

Pedro Schumacher ◽

Aurora Terylene Pérez Martínez ◽

Antônio Paulino da Costa Netto ◽

Antonio Chalfun-Junior

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽

Enzyme Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Management Techniques ◽

Stalk Yield ◽

Sugarcane Productivity ◽

High Yields ◽

Positive Effect

Achieving high yields is a challenge for sugarcane producers due to the diverse environmental conditions to which the crop is subjected. In tropical and subtropical regions, where sugarcane is typically cultivated, crop diseases are common. This necessitates the development of disease management techniques. Among these techniques, chemical control is of particular significance due to the development of new antifungal agents, such as pyraclostrobin. For some crops, pyraclostrobin has a positive influence on yield due to its effects on plant physiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological responses and yield of three sugarcane cultivars treated with the fungicide, pyraclostrobin. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design (RBD) with a split-plot arrangement; the variables analyzed were the application or non-application of fungicide in the plots and, in the subplots, the evaluation times after fungicide application. Both the rate of photosynthesis and the antioxidant enzyme (Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and Ascorbate Peroxidades) activity increased in plants treated with fungicide in comparison to untreated plants, and in the RB855156 cultivar the stomatal conductance, transpiration, and nocturnal respiratory rate were increased. Furthermore, application of pyraclostrobin increased stalk yield and the green biomass index in the RB855156 and RB86751 sugarcane cultivars. In certain cultivars of sugarcane, application of pyraclostrobin leads to an increased yield.

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EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTAGONISTIC FUNGI Gliocladium sp. AND Trichoderma harzianum TO CONTROL Colletotrichum spp. on chili (Capsicum annuum L.)

Agrivet ◽

10.31315/agrivet.v26i1.4306 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Siti Dailah ◽

Mofit Eko Poerwanto ◽

Supono Budi Sutoto

Keyword(s):

Direct Method ◽

Block Design ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Antagonistic Fungi ◽

Anthracnose Disease ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Three Samples ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

The Mean

The productivity of chili in terms of both quality and quantity is suppressed by the attacks of anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. Pesticides is commonly used to control the disease. Researched was conducted to determine the antagonistic fungi and the effective dose in inhibiting the growth of the Colletotrichum spp. Antagonistic tests were performed in vivo using the direct method with three replicates. Inhibition test was arranged in a Complete Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with 7 treatments: Control, Gliocladium sp (150, 250, and 350 mL/plant) and T. harzianum (150, 250, and 350 mL/plant) with four replicates and three samples out of 20 plants per treatment. The results showed that the percentage of inhibition of T. harzianum against Colletotrichum sp. is 55% while Gliocladium sp. is 70.33% in antagonistic test. The mean of disease intensity at 11 up to 32 DAI on control is 5.61 ± 0.71% up to 20.30 ± 1.35 % respectively. It is significantly higher than Gliocladium sp. 350 mL/Plant (1.94 ± 0.45 % up to 11.15 ± 0.87 %), T. harzianum 350 mL/Plant (1.10 ± 0.58 % up to 8.68 ± 0.91 %), and T. harzianum 250 mL/Plant (2.28 ± 0.43 % up to 8.75 ± 0.79 %). No significant different is observed on mean of fresh weight of red chili fruit yield per plant. T. harzianum and Gliocladium sp. fungi are effective in controlling the attack of anthracnose disease in chili. The most efficient dose to control anthracnose disease is the application of T. Harzianum or Gliocladium sp at the dose of 250 mL/plant.Key Words: Chilli, Anthracnose, Gliocladium, Trichoderma, Colletotrichum.

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PSIV-3 Effect of winter-feeding system and roughage level in feedlot ration on subsequent spring grazing behavior and dry matter intake of beef growing heifers

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.465 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 228-229

Author(s):

María Victoria Burjel ◽

Alvaro Simeone ◽

Oscar Bentancur ◽

Natalia Zabalveytia ◽

Virginia Beretta

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Feeding System ◽

Grazing Behavior ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Winter Feeding

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of winter-feeding system (grazing, GFS vs. feedlot, FFS) and ration roughage level (RL), on subsequent spring grazing behavior and forage dry matter intake (DMI). Thirty-two Hereford female calves (149 ± 13 kg) were assigned to four winter dietary treatments (110 days) in a randomized block design (n = 2/treatment): three feedlot rations differing RL (Setaria italica) (0%, 35% or 70% DM) or oats grazing (5 kg DM/100 kg LW). In spring (84 days) all treatments grazed a mixed grass-legume pastures (4317 ± 1009 kg DM/ha; 6 kg DM/100 kg LW). During weeks 1, 3 and 5 after changing diets, diurnal behavior activity (effective/search grazing, rumination, idling or water intake) was visually recorded and DMI estimated from the in vivo DM digestibility (DMD) and fecal production. Data were analyzed according to a block design with repeated measures, with general model including block, treatment (T), week (W) and T×W effects. Means were compared through orthogonal contrasts (Table 1). Spring DMI varied with T (P = 0.0084) regardless of W effect (P = 0.1619), with higher values for GFS compared to FFS (1.55 vs. 1.16 kg/100 kg LW, P = 0.0034) and for 70RL compared to 35RL (P = 0.0286). DMD did not differ between treatments (P = 0.2488) but was lower on W1 than W5 (55 vs. 64 %, P = 0.0150). T×W was significant (P < 0.0001) for effective grazing, rumination and idling. On W1, heifers from GFS grazed less (0.40 vs. 0.49, P = 0.0268) but tended to ruminate more (0.26 vs. 0.18, P = 0.0591) than FFS. As pasture DMD improved (W5) GFS grazed more (0.64 vs. 0.51, P = 0.0020) but ruminated less (0.14 vs. 0.21, P = 0.0450) than FFS. Transition from FFS to spring grazing might reduce pasture DMI modifying animal ingestive behavior compare to animals from GFS. Impact could be higher when ration RL is below 70%.

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Genetic analysis of yield and yield contributing traits in boro rice (Oryza sativa L.) Over environments

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v42i3.34504 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 457-466 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K Priyanka ◽

HK Jaiswal

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Genetic Components ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Degree Of Dominance ◽

Additive Component ◽

Diallel Mating Design ◽

Boro Rice

Hayman’s component analysis was employed to estimate genetic components of variation for yield and yield related traits in boro rice. Nine diverse lines of boro rice were crossed in diallel mating design excluding reciprocals and all the parental lines along with their 36 crosses were evaluated in randomized block design over 3 seasons in 3 replication. Significant differences among genotypes were observed for all the traits over seasons. Component analysis indicated importance of both additive and dominance components. However, greater magnitude of dominance component than its corresponding additive component of variance exhibited greater role of dominance in the inheritance of these traits. The average degree of dominance was more than unity indicating overdominance for all the traits. Most of the traits exhibited low to moderate narrow sense heritability.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(3): 457-466, September 2017

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KETAHANAN DELAPAN KULTIVAR TEMBAKAU LOKAL BONDOWOSO TERHADAP TIGA PATOGEN PENTING (Ralstonia solanacearum, Pectobacterium carotovorum, DAN Phytophthora nicotianae)

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v18n3.2012.89-94 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 89

Author(s):

TITIEK YULIANTI ◽

NURUL HIDAYAH ◽

SRI YULAIKAH

Keyword(s):

Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽

Block Design ◽

Production Quality ◽

Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽

Pectobacterium Carotovorum ◽

Resistance Level ◽

Stalk Rot ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Tobacco Production ◽

Screen House

ABSTRAK Tembakau bondowoso merupakan tembakau lokal rajangan yang berkembang di Kabupaten Bondowoso, Jawa Timur. Saat ini ada delapan kultivar dengan karakter produksi, mutu, dan ketahanannya terhadap penyakit yang berbeda. Layu bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum), busuk batang berlubang (Pectobacterium carotovorum), dan lanas (Phytophthora nicotianae) merupakan penyakit yang sering menyebabkan turunnya produksi tembakau bondowoso. Evaluasi ketahanan delapan kultivar tembakau bondowoso (Samporis, Serumpung, Marakot, Samporis Lokal, Samporis AH, Samporis CH, Samporis B. Disbun, dan Deli) terhadap ketiga patogen tersebut dilaksanakan di laboratorium dan rumah kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat (Balittas) mulai bulan April sampai dengan Oktober 2011. Penelitian terhadap ketiga patogen tersebut dilakukan secara terpisah. Masing-masing kultivar ditanam sebanyak 10 tanaman, 1 tanaman/polibag. Setiap perlakuan (kultivar) diulang 3 kali dan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Inokulasi R. solanacearum dan P. carotovorum dilakukan secara terpisah 24 jam sebelum transplanting. Inokulasi P. nicotianae dilakukan dengan dua cara, yaitu melalui akar dan pangkal batang. Inokulasi akar sama dengan cara inokulasi bakteri. Inokulasi pangkal batang dilakukan pada tanaman berumur 2 minggu setelah transplanting. Pengamatan intensitas penyakit dilakukan setiap minggu selama 11 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kultivar Samporis CH, Samporis, dan Deli tahan terhadap P. carotovorum, R. solanacearum, dan P. nicotianae. Kultivar Samporis CH., Samporis, dan Deli ketahanannya lebih tinggi terhadap ketiga patogen, dengan intensitas penyakit berkisar antara 3,3%-6,7%. Kultivar Marakot sangat rentan terhadap ketiga patogen tersebut dengan tingkat keparahan ≥ 50%. Demikian pula kultivar Samporis AH yang rentan terhadap R. solanacearum, P. nicotianae dan P. carotovorum dengan intensitas penyakit 23,3-53,3%. Oleh karena itu, kultivar Samporis CH, Samporis, dan Deli cocok dikembangkan pada lahan endemik penyakit tular tanah di Kabupaten Bondowoso. Kata kunci: tembakau bondowoso, Pectobacterium carotovorum Phytophthora nicotianae, Ralstonia solanacearum, ketahananABSTRACT Bondowoso tobacco is a local type of sliced tobacco which is restrictedly cultivated in Bondowoso Regency, East Java. There are eight cultivars known, ie. Samporis, Serumpung, Marakot, Samporis Lokal, Samporis AH, Samporis CH, Samporis B. Disbun, and Deli with their own distinctive characters on their production, quality, and resistance to diseases. Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum), hollow stalk rot (Pectobacterium carotovorum), and blackshank (Phytophthora nicotianae are the main cause of bondowoso tobacco production loss. Evaluation on the resistance level of the cultivars to the three pathogens above has been conducted at a laboratory and screen house scale in Indonesian Sweetener and Fibre Crops Research Institute from April to October 2011. The evaluation of each pathogen was conducted separately. Each evaluation of the pathogen per cultivar used 10 plants planted individually in a polybag. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replicates. R. solanacearum and P. carotovorum were separately inoculated on the test plants 24 h before transplanting. The inoculation of P. nicotianae was done twice via the root and stem. Disease intensity was observed weekly for 11 weeks. The results showed that Samporis CH, Samporis, and Deli cultivars were resistant to P. carotovorum, R. solanacearum and P. nicotianae, whereas Samporis and Deli cultivars were more resistant to the pathogens (disease intensity ranged 3.3-6.7%). Marakot cultivar was very susceptible to all of the three pathogens (disease intensity ≥ 50%). Similarly, Samporis AH cultivar was also susceptible to the pathogens with disease intensity ranged 23.3-53.3%. The study indicated that Samporis CH, Samporis, and Deli cultivars are suitable to be cultivated in the endemic soil born pathogen areas of Bondowoso Regency. Key words: bondowoso tobacco, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Phytophthora nicotianae, Ralstonia solanacearum, resistance

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Fermentabilitas ruminal secara in vitro suplementasi tepung daun gamal, kelor, randu dan sengon dalam konsentrat hijau

Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan ◽

10.21776/ub.jiip.2018.028.03.04 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 213

Author(s):

Eko Marhaeniyanto ◽

Sri Susanti

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Block Design ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Gas Production ◽

Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Ceiba Pentandra ◽

Randomized Block Design

The aim of this research was to study the in vitro ruminal fermentability of supplementation of Gliricidia sepium, Moringa oleifera, Lamk (MOL), Ceiba pentandra and Paraserianthes falcataria leaf meal in concentrate feed to be tested on sheep. This research with the experimental methods was arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 6 treatments and 3 groups. The treatment feed tested consisted of concentrate without leaves and concentrate with leaf meal supplementation. Crude protein content (CP) concentrates were prepared 16%, 18% and 20%. Supplementation uses a mixture of Gliricidia sepium, MOL, Ceiba pentandra and Paraserianthes falcataria leaf meal in concentrate feed (1: 1: 1: 1) as much as 10%, 20% and 30%. The measured variables were degradation of dry matter (DDM) and degradation of organic matter (DOM), gas production rate, microbial biomass and NH3 concentration. The use of mixed leaf meal in concentrate feed resulted in in vitro DDM as well as concentrate feed without leaf meal supplementation. Supplementation of leaf meal in concentrate feed as much as 30% with CP 20% resulted in a decrease in the value of fermentability. The supplementation of leaf meal in concentrate feed as much as 20% in concentrate feed with CP 18% produced the best fermentability value. Suggested for in-vivo trials on sheep using 18% protein concentrate feed by utilizing Gliricidia sepium, MOL, Ceiba pentandra and Paraserianthes falcataria leaf meal in concentrate feed as cheap protein sources.

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Uji Daya Hasil S5 Jagung (Zea mays L.) Hibrida

Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian ◽

10.17969/jimfp.v5i2.14868 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 31-40

Author(s):

Nur Roslini ◽

Bakhtiar Bakhtiar ◽

Siti Hafsah

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Block Design ◽

High Yield ◽

Field Station ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Yield Trial ◽

High Yields ◽

Hybrid Maize

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyeleksi tanaman jagung berdaya hasil tinggi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di PT Syngenta Seed Indonesia Kediri Field Station dusun Sukodono desa Kedungmalang kecamatan Papar kabupaten Kediri, Jawa Timur yang berlangsung pada Mei sampai Oktober 2019. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan 24 genotipe uji, 4 genotipe pembanding (untuk uji daya hasil) dengan 2 ulangan. Pada uji daya hasil diperoleh 7 genotipe yaitu 18ID010144, 18ID010123, 18ID006020, 18ID010135, 18ID010125, 18ID007419 dan 18ID010148 yang memiliki daya hasil tinggi diatas genotipe pembanding daya hasil tertinggi. 24 genotipe uji yaitu 18ID010125 memiliki daya hasil 14,12 ton ha-1 genotipe 18ID010123 memiliki daya hasil tertinggi 15,28 ton ha-1 dan genotipe 18ID010148 memiliki daya hasil 13,91 ton ha-1. Yield Trial Screening on S5 Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.)Abstract. This research aims to select maize are high yield. This research was conducted at PT Syngenta Seed Indonesia Kediri Field Station Sukodono in Sukodono sub-village, Kedungmalang village, Papar district, Kediri district, East Java, which took place from May to October 2019. The design used in this research was Non Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 24 test genotypes, 4 comparative genotypes (for yield trial) with 2 replications. The results showed that In yield trial was obtained 7 genotypes (18ID010144, 18ID010123, 18ID006020, 18ID010135, 18ID010125, 18ID007419 dan 18ID010148) which have high yields above the highest comparative yield genotypes. There were 3 genotypes selected from 24 test genotypes consist 18ID010125 has yield 14,12 tons ha-1,genotype 18ID010123 has the highest yield 15,28 tons ha-1 and genotype 18ID010148 has yield 13,91 tons ha-1.

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Pengaruh perlakuan ethyl methanesulphonate terhadap perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan kentang granola (biji)

Kultivasi ◽

10.24198/kultivasi.v18i1.19110 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hanifah Nuraeni Suteja ◽

Neni Rostini ◽

Suseno Amien

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Ethyl Methanesulphonate ◽

High Yield ◽

Potato Seed ◽

True Potato Seed ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

High Yields ◽

Screen House

Sari. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi pengaruh ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kentang Granola dari biji botani dan memperoleh konsentrasi efektif untuk mendapatkan mutan berdaya hasil tinggi. Percobaan dilakukan dalam dua tahap. Tahap pertama dilakukan di laboratorium kultur jaringan BALITSA, Lembang, yang terdiri dari tahap perlakuan EMS pada biji dengan konsentrasi 0,01%; 0,03%; 0,05%; 0,07%; 0,10%; 0,13%; 0,15%; 0,17%; dan 0,20%; selama 3 dan 6 jam, penanaman biji pada media kultur MS, perbanyakan planlet dan pengamatan planlet. Tahap kedua dilakukan di rumah kasa di Pangalengan yang terdiri dari tahapan aklimatisasi menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 14 perlakuan EMS yang diulang 3 kali dan pengamatan pertumbuhan tanaman. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa EMS menyebabkan penurunan pada daya kecambah. Pengamatan pertumbuhan di rumah kasa menunjukkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, indeks kandungan klorofil, dan berat ubi pertanaman hasil perlakuan memiliki hasil yang lebih rendah dibandingkan kontrol. Konsentrasi EMS 0,07% dengan perendaman 3 jam dan konsentrasi 0,01% dengan perendaman 6 jam menghasilkan genotipe 3D12 dan 6A8 yang memiliki hasil panen tinggi. Kata kunci: kentang, EMS, mutasi, pertumbuhan. Abstract. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) on true potato seed germination and growth of potato Granola also obtained effective concentrations of EMS to produce mutants with high yield. Experiment was conducted in two stages. The first stage was carried out in BALITSA tissue culture laboratory, Lembang which consisted of EMS treatment steps in seeds with concentrations of 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.07%, 0.10%, 0.13%, 0.15%, 0.17%, and 0.20% for 3 and 6 hour; seeds planting on MS culture media; planlet propagation and plantlets observations. The second stage was carried out in screen house in Pangalengan which consisted of acclimatization stages using a randomized block design with 14 EMS treatment repeated 3 times and observations of plant growth, and yield. The results showed that EMS caused a decrease in germination. Growth observation results at screen house showed plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content index, and weight of tubers from treatment had lower than controls. Treatment with 0.07% EMS concentration for 3 hours and 0.01% consentration for 6 hours produced 3D12 and 6A8 mutan genotypes which had high yields. Keywords: potato, EMS, mutation, growth.

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Produk Metabolisme Rumen pada Sapi Peranakan Ongole Fase Tumbuh

Jurnal Agripet ◽

10.17969/agripet.v13i1.550 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 31-35

Author(s):

S.N.O. Suwandyastuti

Keyword(s):

Biological Treatment ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Block Design ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Total Volatile ◽

Feeding Trial ◽

Rumen Metabolism ◽

Randomized Block Design

Rumen metabolism product on growing cattle ongole gradeABSTRACT. The utilization of fermented fibrous waste material had improved the product of rumen metabolism in vitro, nevertheless, it was not always the same result if treated on animal, in vivo. An experiment had been conducted to investigate the result of the in vitro trial to the growing male cattle of Ongole Grade. The experiment had been conducted by experimental method using twelve (12) growing male cattle of Ongole Grade. The trial was conducted in Completely Randomized Block Design, during seven months period, three months adaption, two weeks preliminary, three months feeding trial and two weeks digestion trial. The treatment tested were: R0 = control ration, non fermented; R1 = mesh type fermented and R2 = pellet type fermented. The variables measured were: the production of Total Volatile Fatty Acid (T-VFA); asetate (C2), propionate (C3), butyrate (C4). The result shown that the treatment, biological and physical, of complete feed, does not influence on the production of T-VFA as well as on the composition (C2, C3 and C4). Nevertheless based on all the variables measured, the biological treatment with fermentation tends to increase the production of rumen metabolism, and the highest result of the products of T-VFA = 112,43 + 17,2 mM/L, C2 = 40,46 + 8,98 mM/L, C3 = 34,57 + 7,35 mM/L, C4 = 31,17 + 7,35 mM/L, were resulted from pellet type of complete feed. The result of experiment concludes : (1) based on the production of VFA as well as its composition, and the balance of C2 / C3, the utilization of complete feed both mesh and pellet type increases the efficiency of energy utilization on the growing male of Ongole Grade Cattle; (2) based on rumen metabolism product, the recommended complete feed for growing male cattle of Ongole grade is in the form of fermented pellet.

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Effect of Plant Leaf Mulching in Ginger on Yield and Soil Health at NICRA Village in Chatra District of Jharkhand: A Review

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2019/v37i630312 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Dharma Oraon ◽

A. K. Singh ◽

Ajit Kumar Singh ◽

S. Kumar ◽

R. K. Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Health ◽

Forest Area ◽

Plant Leaf ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Point Rating Scale ◽

Before And After ◽

Technology Intervention ◽

Selection Of

The FLD experiment was conducted in 20 replication (Farmers field) in National Innovation on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) village Mardanpur in Arra Panchat of Chatra block in Chatra district of Jharkhand on three consecutive year 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17. The FLD experiment was conducted in randomized block design with 2000 m2 plot size for each technological option. The two technology options are as follows TO-I: (Farmers Practice) Burning of plant leaf in forest area and use as cooking material and transplanting ginger in the month of May without mulching with N100P60K60. TO-II: Mulching of ginger field by plant leaf (5 q/ha) with N75P40K45. The rationale behind selection of technology option (TO-II) was disseminate scientific recommendations i.e. mulching of ginger field to demonstrated famers convincing the benefit of mulching in the place of burning leaf in forest area. The data on soil chemical analysis before and after mulching, yield and economic was recorded for better interpretation matrix ranking was done for each of intervened treatments on the basis of farmers criteria matrix ranking was accomplished through participatory rural appraisal. Farmer’s reaction was measure in five point rating scale. The overall score reflecting the degree of favorable, unfavorable and neutral to the related technology intervention (Negative = 2.5, Natural = 2.3 – 3.5 and positive above = 3.5). Result indicated that on an average ginger yield was 144.83 q/ha in farmers practice where as in technology option (TO-II), it was 187.7 q/ha respectively. Return per rupee spent was also found more in TO-II i.e. 4.99 as compare to farmer practice i.e. 3.88.

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