Biotization of tissue culture banana plantlets with Methylobacterium salsuginis to enhance the survival and growth under greenhouse and open environment condition

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of M. salsuginis TNMB03 biotization on tissue culture banana cv. Grande Naine plantlets growth and survival under greenhouse and open environmental condition (exposed to direct sunlight). Methodology: Banana plantlets were transferred from culture flasks to protray and maintained under the greenhouse and open environmental condition for 30 days with or without M. salsuginis TNMB03 treatment. After 30 days, plant growth parameters like pseudostem height, girth, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry biomass, root parameters, plantlet survival, chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and soluble protein and Methylobacterium population in upper and lower surface of leaf, as well as endophytic population were assessed. Results: This study showed that the plantlets biotized with M. salsuginis TNMB03 had better acclimatization response under both the experimental condition than that of uninoculated plantlets. Positive influence on the survival and growth of M. salsuginis TNMB03 biotized plantlets was observed when transferred directly to greenhouse and open environmental condition. Inoculation of M. salsuginis TNMB03 increased the plant height, girth and number of leaves, root length, lateral root and biomass in comparison to the uninoculated plantlets in greenhouse and open environment. Uninoculated plantlets kept under open environment had lower chlorophyll content and sun scorching damages compared to M. salsuginis TNMB03 inoculated plants, which had dark green leaves and increased chlorophyll content. Interpretation: This study shows a new potential technique of using M. salsuginis TNMB03 in tissue culture plantlets, which can help in enhancing the growth of plantlets transferred from culture vessel to greenhouse or open environmental condition without undergoing the routine acclimatization procedure.

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Effect of nickel uptake on selected growth parameters of Amaranthus viridis L.

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v10i3.1838 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 1011-1017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Johny Joseph ◽

Jayaram Reddy ◽

D Sayantan

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Root Length ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Human Beings ◽

Physiological Functions ◽

Nickel Uptake ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

The Impact

Nickel is an essential element for normal physiological functions in plants. At higher doses (>50 mg/kg, as per WHO) it is toxic to plants and humans, which can bring about oxidative stress affecting the physiological functions of plants and is also considered carcinogenic to human beings. To manage nickel pollution in environment, proper chemical or phytoremediation techniques are required. In this regard nickel accumulator plants would offer a cost effective and environmental friendly phytoremediation method. In the present study, the nickel phyto-accumulation potential of Amaranthus viridis from soil was evaluated to check the tolerance level and the impact on selected morphological parameters like total biomass, plant height, root length and number of leaves. Nickel uptake by A. viridis was studied from Ni contaminated soil amended with20, 40, 60, 80 mg/Kg of Ni exposure under controlled conditions. Toxic effects and tolerance of the plant to toxic doses of nickel was evaluated by correlating the uptake per gram of biomass with various parameters of plant like its height, biomass, root length and, number of leaves. Supply dependent maximum nickel uptake of 108 µg/gm and corresponding decrease in growth parameters were recorded up to 60 mg/Kg exposure. This study indicates the uptake of nickel by A. viridis increases with increase in supply up to 60mg/kg and beyond 60 mg/kg, the uptake decreases. The study also shows uptake of nickel per gram of biomass has a significant negative correlation mainly with parameters like plant height (R= -0.71 at 0.05 level of significance) and total biomass (R = -0.83 at 0.05 level of significance) where as other parameters like length of root and number of leavers are not significantly affected (P>0.05) with uptake of nickel per gram of biomass.

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Effects of artificial sweeteners on Lemna minor

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/413/2016-cjfs ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 386-391 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Klára Kobetičová ◽

Klára Anna Mocová ◽

Lucie Mrhálková ◽

Šárka Petrová

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Lemna Minor ◽

Artificial Sweeteners ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Response Curves ◽

Freshwater Plants ◽

Set Up ◽

The Impact

Artificial sweeteners are common micropollutants in the aquatic environment. They were detected both in surface waters and in groundwater. Human toxicity has also been studied quite intensively but their ecotoxicity has not been studied so far. To assess the impact of four artificial sweeteners (aspartame, sucralose, saccharine, and acesulfame K) and one natural sweetener (stevioside) on freshwater plants, a growth inhibition test was set up in the macrophyte duckweed (Lemna minor). Subsequently full dose-response curves were established by exposing L. minor plants to concentrations of each individual sweetener ranging from 6.25 mg/l up to 100 mg/l for 7 days. Three different endpoints were tested: frond number, frond area and total chlorophyll content. Tests were performed under sterile conditions. Sweeteners had various effects on Lemna plants. Saccharine, acesulfame K and stevioside did not cause any significant negative effects on any of the measured parameters. On the contrary, stevioside and saccharine caused slowly stimulative effects. Aspartame and sucralose inhibited growth parameters (frond number and frond area) but the chlorophyll content was not affected.

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Influence of Substrate Composition and Container Size on the Growth of Tissue Culture Propagated Apple Rootstock Plants

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11122450 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2450

Author(s):

Jae Kyung Kim ◽

Md. Rayhan Ahmed Shawon ◽

Jin Hee An ◽

Yeo Jong Yun ◽

Soo Jeong Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Plant Height ◽

Peat Moss ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Apple Rootstock ◽

Substrate Composition ◽

Number Of Leaves

Substrate composition and container size are considered crucial for apple rootstock grown in a plug seedling system. This study investigated the effect of substrate material’s proportion and different container volumes on the growth of apple rootstock (M-9) plants propagated by tissue culture. In substrate composition, three different ratios of peat moss (PM): vermiculite (VL): perlite (PL) at 1:1:1 (S1), 1:2:3 (S2), 3:1:2 (S3) were used. For container size, plants were grown in 1000 mL (C1), 500 mL (C2), and 300 mL (C3) containers filled by 1:1:1 mixture of PM, VL and PL. In both cases, plants were treated eleven weeks in a green house. Our results demonstrate that the plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot fresh weight and root fresh weight of apple rootstock were significantly higher in substrate composition S3 compared with S1 composition. However, chlorophyll content (SPAD) and photosynthesis rate were unaffected by variation of substrate composition. Furthermore, rootstock grown in C1 container showed plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, number of nodes, root length, shoot and root’s fresh and dry weight were significantly higher than those grown in C2 and C3 volume containers. The chlorophyll content and transpiration rate were not significantly affected by the different container volumes. These results suggest that the substrate ratio 3:1:2 of PM:VL:PL and container size 1000 mL were more favorable than other treatments for initial growth and development of the tissue culture propagated apple rootstock plants.

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494 Evaluation of Interior Performance of Six Cultivars of Aglaonema and Dieffenbachia

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.479d ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 479D-479

Author(s):

Jianjun Chen ◽

Dennis B. McConnell ◽

Svoboda V. Pennisi ◽

Cynthia A. Robinson ◽

Russell D. Caldwell

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Unit Area ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fresh Leaf ◽

Quality Ratings ◽

Leaf Variegation ◽

Number Of Leaves

Tissue culture plugs of Aglaonema `Cory', `Maria', and `Silver Queen' and Dieffenbachia `Panther', `Snowflake', and `Sport Lynn' were potted singly in 15-cm pots and grown in a shaded greenhouse under a photosynthetic irradiance (PI) of 100 mmol·m–2·s–1. Eight months after potting, 27 plants of each cultivar were placed in nine interior evaluation rooms under three different PI levels (three rooms per level): 4, 8, and 16 mmol·m–2·s–1. In addition, three plants of each cultivar were maintained in the original greenhouse for the duration of the experiment. Number of leaves, plant height and width were monitored monthly. Recently matured leaves were removed at 3-month intervals for 9 months for determination of fresh and dry weight, leaf area, and percentage leaf variegation. Variegated leaf area was assessed using digitized leaf images. Interior PI levels affected growth parameters, but the degree of response was cultivar-dependent. Smallest leaves developed on plants grown under 4 mmol·m–2·s–1 and largest leaves developed under 16 mmol·m–2·s–1. Leaf area of Dieffenbachia `Sport Lynn' showed the greatest response and Aglaonema `Maria' the least response to PI levels. Percentage leaf variegation of Dieffenbachia `Snowflake' was least affected and Dieffenbachia `Sport Lynn' was most affected by PI levels. Fresh leaf weight of unit area decreased as PI levels decreased from 16 to 4 mmol·m–2·s–1, however, the decrease in unit area was most pronounced in cultivars that maintained the highest quality ratings. Based on the results of this study, Aglaonema `Maria' and Dieffenbachia `Snowflake' had the most satisfactory interior performance within their respective genera.

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Assessing the Impact of Ambient Ozone on Growth and Yield of Crop at Rampur, Chitwan

Journal of Agriculture and Environment ◽

10.3126/aej.v11i0.3650 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 40-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

K. Kharel ◽

L. P. Amgain

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Passive Samplers ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Ozone Level ◽

Ambient Ozone ◽

Agriculture And Environment ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

The Impact ◽

Crop Maturity

An experiment was conducted at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during March-July 2008 to explore the impact of ambient ozone on crop growth and yield. Mungbean cultivar "Pratikshya" was used as a test crop for the study. Mungbean plants were planted in 40 pots and 50% of the plants (i.e. plants in 20 pots) were treated with ethylenediurea (EDU) from 13 DAS to crop maturity at 10 days intervals. The ambient ozone level of the site was measured with passive samplers. The ozone level ranged from 29.3 to 39.1 ppb at the experimentation site during the cropping period. It was found that the ambient ozone at the site caused significant effects on plant growth and yield. The observed ambient ozone was found to reduce the growth parameters like plant height, per plant number of leaves, and number of branches by 10%, 27.74%, and 10.88%, respectively at 70 DAS while it reduced per plant number of seeds (13.17%), seed dry weights (19.67%), test weight (g/1000 seeds), (10.28%), total above-ground biomass (16.60%), harvest index (6.25%), and shelling percentage (5.07%) of controlled over EDU treated plants (ozone protected). The study clearly indicated that ambient ozone contributes to lower plant growth and crop yield.Key words: Ambient ozone; Ethylenediurea (EDU); Passive samplerThe Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 11, 2010Page: 40-45Uploaded Date: 15 Septembre, 2010

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Performance of gerbera varieties under naturally ventilated polyhouse

ANNALS OF PLANT AND SOIL RESEARCH ◽

10.47815/apsr.2021.10083 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 351-355

Author(s):

M. VIJAYALAXMI ◽

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Plant Height ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Flower Stalk ◽

Disc Diameter ◽

Stalk Diameter ◽

Flower Diameter ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Ray Florets

An experiment was conducted to evaluate ten varieties of gerbera under polyhouse conditions in Hyderabad. Vegetative, flowering and flower characters varied significantly among the cultivars and variations in different growth parameters were prominent. Mean performance of the cultivars revealed that cv. Helix recorded maximum plant height, flower diameter, flower stalk diameter and ray florets. The same cultivar Helix also produced maximum number of suckers per plant, number of flowers per plant, Fresh weight of flower, dry weight of flower and possessed longest field life which was at par with cv. Goliath. The cv. Goliath found superior with respect to maximum chlorophyll content, minimum days required for commence of first-flower and days taken for 50% flowering.Maximum disc diameter and number of leaves were produced by cv. balance. While cv. Savannah had significantly maximum leaf area and length of the flower stalk. However, the cv. ‘Montenegro recorded least mean value in terms of plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf breadth, leaf area, number of suckers, chlorophyll content, flower diameter, flower stalk diameter, ray florets, disc diameter, number of flowers per plant and took maximum days for first flower opening, 50 % flowering and which was late in inducing flowering had lesser duration of flowering. Cultivar Helix exerted best performance on various growth and flower characters along with the cultivars Goliath, Danaellen, Balance and Savannah.

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Effect of Environment on Survival of Eggplant, Pepper, and Tomato in a Small-scale Healing Chamber

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech04103-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 668-675 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fairuz A. Buajaila ◽

Pinki Devi ◽

Carol A. Miles

Keyword(s):

Healing Process ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Solanum Melongena ◽

The United States ◽

Small Scale ◽

Crop Type ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Survival And Growth ◽

Grafted Transplants ◽

The Impact

Many small-scale vegetable growers in the United States who graft their own vegetable transplants use healing chambers inside a greenhouse to heal their grafted plants. Under these conditions, light and relative humidity (RH) can fluctuate during the healing process, and growers need more research-based information regarding the impact of these factors on the survival of grafted transplants. To address this need, this study investigated the effect of different targeted levels of light (0%, 25%, and 50%) and RH (50% and 100%) (six combinations) in a small-scale healing chamber within a greenhouse, where the healing chamber was opened for increasing periods of time for 8 days, at which time plants were fully exposed to greenhouse conditions. The survival and growth of self-grafted eggplant (Solanum melongena), pepper (Capsicum annuum), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were measured up to 25 days post grafting. Percent light in the closed healing chambers was similar for the 50% and 100% RH levels of each light treatment. When the healing chambers were closed, compared with the greenhouse, there was 0.1% light in the 0% light treatments, 25% light on average in the 25% light treatments, and 43% light on average in the 50% light treatments. On days 2 to 5 after grafting, when chambers were opened up to 1 hour, average RH in the healing chambers was 96% to 98% for the 100% RH treatments, and was 42% to 49% for the 50% RH treatments. On days 6 and 7, when chambers were opened for 3 to 8 hours, RH was 79% to 82% for the 100% RH treatments, and was 39% to 46% for the 50% RH treatments. Survival of grafted plants following healing was greatest when the healing chamber treatment was 100% RH and 50% or 25% light (95% and 90% survival, respectively), and plant survival with these two treatments did not significantly decline from 11 to 21 days after grafting, indicating plants were fully healed and acclimated when they were removed from the healing chambers on day 8. At 22 to 25 days following grafting, plants healed with 100% RH and 50% or 25% light had greater plant height, number of leaves per plant, and stem diameter than plants healed in the other light and RH combinations. SPAD reading and nitrate-nitrogen of fresh petiole sap were unaffected by any of the healing treatments tested in this experiment, or by crop type. Tomato and pepper had 14% greater survival rates on average than eggplant at all measurement dates, while tomato tended to have greater plant growth, followed by eggplant and pepper. Additional research is needed to improve survival of grafted eggplant.

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Cadmium tolerance of Typha domingensis Pers. (Typhaceae) as related to growth and leaf morphophysiology

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.171961 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 509-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. P. V. Oliveira ◽

M. P. Pereira ◽

V. P. Duarte ◽

F. F. Corrêa ◽

E. M. Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Leaf Anatomy ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Stomatal Density ◽

Typha Domingensis ◽

Cd Uptake ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

The Stability ◽

Potential Use

Abstract Typha domingensis (cattail) is a native macrophyte known by its capacity to tolerate several heavy metals effects and the potential use for phytoremediation. However, in despite that cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic pollutants; its effects in T. domingensis biology remain uninvestigated. Thus, the objective of this study was to study the tolerance of T. domingensis to cadmium contamination by evaluating its growth, Cd uptake, leaf anatomy and gas exchange. The experiment was designed using three cadmium concentrations (0, 10 and 50 µM) and ten replicates for 90 days. The cadmium uptake, growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll content and leaf anatomy were evaluated. Data was submitted to ANOVA and Scott-Knott test for P<0.05. Typha domingensis accumulates Cd proportionally to its concentration on the solution and the content of this metal was higher in roots as compared to shoots. Plants showed no significant modifications on growth parameters such as the biomass production, number of leaves, number of clones and the biomass allocation to organs. The photosynthesis, transpiration and chlorophyll content were not modified by Cd. Most anatomical traits evaluated were not modified by the metal but the stomatal density and the proportion of vascular tissues were reduced under 50 µM of Cd. In despite, the leaf anatomy showed no toxicity evidences for any Cd level. The absence of growth reduction and the stability of anatomical and physiological traits give insight about the Cd tolerance of this species. Therefore, T. domingensis is able to overcome Cd toxicity and shows potential for phytoremediation.

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Effect of Nano Fertilizers and Its Applying Methods on Growth Parameters of Senna (Cassia Angustifolia) Seedling Plant

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/923/1/012003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 923 (1) ◽

pp. 012003

Author(s):

Abdel-Monnem Sadalaha Kahlel ◽

Ali Ahmed Abdulla ◽

Hamza Atheer Saadalla ◽

Mohammad Hashem Hamed

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Plant Production ◽

Cassia Angustifolia ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Plant Stem ◽

Plant Length

Abstract The experiment was carried out at Plant Production Department, Agricultural Technical College, Mosul, Iraq at spring 2020 to investigate the effect of two Nano fertilizers kind (K 27%and Complex fertilizer Cu 1%, S 13%, Zn 11.5 %, Mn 6.5%, Fe7.5%, and Citric Acid 3.5 %.)and control (zero fertilizer). With three applying methods(spraying, soil addition, spraying + soil addition) on Senna seedlings. The treatments were layout in factorial experiment in RCBD Design with three replicates. The results showed that adding nano fertilizers by Spraying+ Soil Addition increase significantly plant length, number of leaves per plant, Stem diameter, Chlorophyll content (SPAD), fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth and roots. Also applying Complex Nano fertilizer increase significantly all the parameters(plant length, number of leaves per plant, Stem diameter, Chlorophyll content (SPAD), fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth and roots. compared with control and the increasing percentage were(62.12, 28.22,123.37, 19.19, 197.95, 154.48, 261.64, 114.26%)for the parameters respectively. The interaction treatments between nano fertilizers an applying methods show a significant effect for all the parameters.

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In Vitro Propagation of Tribulus terrestris with IAA and BAP Concentrations

Journal of Biodiversity and Biotechnology ◽

10.20961/jbb.v1i1.50245 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Samanhudi Samanhudi ◽

Ahmad Yunus ◽

Rahmanto Rahmanto

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Tribulus Terrestris ◽

Emergence Time ◽

Leaf Emergence ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Shoot Emergence

Tribulus terrestris is conventionally propagated using seeds but has limited germination capacity. One approach that can be done for this plant multiplication is in vitro tissue culture. This study was conducted to determine the growth potential of T. terrestris in vitro by the addition of auxin (IAA) and cytokinin (BAP) as growth regulators at several concentrations. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta from February to December 2017. The experiment employed factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with 2 factors, namely IAA concentration (0 ppm, 0.1 ppm, 0.2 ppm, 0.3 ppm), and BAP concentration (0 ppm, 0.3 ppm, 0.5 ppm, 0.7 ppm). The observed growth parameters were shoot emergence time, leaf emergence time, root emergence time, number of leaves, and number of roots. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by DMRT with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the addition of IAA only affects leaf emergence time, while the addition of BAP had a significant effect on the leaf emergence time and number of leaves. The interactions between IAA and BAP had a significant effect on leaf emergence time. Keywords: explant; plant growth; tissue culture.

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