scholarly journals The relation between cash flows and economic performance in the digital age: An empirical analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Salvatore Ferri ◽  
Alberto Tron ◽  
Raffaele Fiume ◽  
Gaetano Della Corte
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Operating Income

Cash flows analysis plays an increasingly important role in the study of business dynamics since cash flows play a key role in the company's economic performance, not only from a standpoint but also in predictive terms. The literature on the subject is poor in number and depth of research, the samples analyzed so far are limited and the statistical tools are weak. Retracing the steps of past research, we studied the relationships between cash flows of several management areas and economic performance, using a complete sample of Italian listed companies in the 2008-2017 period with more solid statistical tools compared to previous studies. The database used to collect all the balance sheet data necessary to conduct our research is Amadeus of the Bureau Van Dijk platform, which already shows reclassified and easily comparable financial statements. Correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to assess if our cash flow proxies could be strong predictors of future cash flow and, consequently, of business performance. The flows for investments and the ability to generate cash, where the latter is positively correlated with future profitability, manage to explain, together with the net cash generation of the company, a large part of the variability of the operating income produced in subsequent periods. The flows from investments seem to be the most suitable for correctly classifying the most profitable companies in the medium-long term, while cash generation, deriving from the characteristic activity, contributes to providing answers, about corporate profitability, on shorter time horizons.

Where Did All the Dollars Go? The Effect of Cash Flows on Capital and Asset Structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1259-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudipto Dasgupta ◽  
Thomas H. Noe ◽  
Zhen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Goods Market ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Debt Market ◽  
Short And Long Term

AbstractThis paper documents the short- and long-term balance sheet effect of cash flows. We show that cash savings in the short run and debt reduction in both the short and the long run account for a substantial fraction of cash flow use. Although, in the long run, investment exhibits substantial sensitivity to cash flows, investment does not absorb the entire cash flow shock. In fact, the tighter the financial constraints, the smaller the fraction of cash flow absorbed by investment and the more by leverage reduction. Firms stage their response to increases in cash flow, delaying investment while building up cash stocks and reducing leverage. These results suggest that much of the short-run economic effect of cash flow shocks to the corporate sector may be channeled into the corporate debt market rather than the capital goods market, especially when financing constraints tighten.

scholarly journals Foreign Monitoring and Predictability of Future Cash Flow

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4832
Author(s):  
Jaehong Lee ◽  
Eunsoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Future Cash Flow ◽  
Flow Components ◽  
Future Cash Flows

A company’s sustainability is generally determined by whether it is able to create a positive long-term cash flow. This paper investigates whether the predictive ability of cash flows and earnings in forecasting future cash flows differs depending on the foreign investors’ ownership. Based on firms listed in the Korea Stock Exchange market from 2000 to 2017, we find that earnings and cash flow components of financial statements enhance the predictability of future cash flow in the Korean stock market. Conversely, foreign investors showed a tendency to decide on investments based on operating cash flow instead of earnings when predicting future cash flow. These findings indicate that reliability towards earnings may fall since foreign investors’ concerns are on the prospects of earnings management. These results were strengthened by the addition of several more analyses including cluster analyses, consideration of information asymmetry and the chaebol governance.

Minority Interest in the Consolidated Retained Earnings Statement

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Nurnberg
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Parent Company ◽  
Consolidated Financial Statements ◽  
Entity Theory ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Cash Flow Statement ◽  
Retained Earnings

Consolidated financial statements purport to report income, financial position, and cash flows of a parent company and its subsidiaries as if the group were a single company with one or more branches or divisions. Under the parent company theory, the consolidated entity perspective assumed in the consolidated income statement, the consolidated balance sheet, and the consolidated retained earnings statement differs from the consolidated entity perspective assumed in the consolidated cash flow statement. Even under extant expositions of the entity theory, the consolidated entity perspective assumed in the consolidated income statement, the consolidated balance sheet, and the consolidated cash flow statement differs from the consolidated entity perspective assumed in the consolidated retained earnings statement. This paper develops a consistent consolidated entity perspective for all four consolidated financial statements. It demonstrates that under the entity theory, consolidated retained earnings includes the separate equities of both the parent company stockholders and the minority interest. As such, both elements of retained earnings should be reported in the consolidated retained earnings statement to make it comparable to the consolidated retained earnings statement of companies without subsidiaries or with only wholly owned subsidiaries. The effect on certain financial ratios of public companies may be substantial. The paper also demonstrates that for purchased subsidiaries, minority interest in consolidated retained earnings includes unamortized write-ups of identifiable net assets and goodwill arising from purchase-type business combinations.

CASH FLOW FOR THE VAT IN THE FARMING

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (5) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kondraszuk
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Significant Benefit ◽  
Flow Method ◽  
Lump Sum

The aim of this article is to present the possibility of using farmers’ cash accounting method. It is regarding farmers which resigned from the lump sum and became active paymasters of this tax. The cash method used in the tax and revenue book (PKPiR) was critically evaluated. At the same time, on the example of the Agricultural Accountancy Calendar (RKR), it has been shown that it is possible to integrate accounting with the accounting method of VAT accounting with accounting entries in the RKR enabling direct cash flows from operations, investment, financial and private operations. It is also possible to draw up other financial statements: profit and loss account, balance sheet and changes in equity. For a farmer, the significant benefit of using a cash-flow method is to reduce the risk of congestion resulting from the need to settle VAT before receiving payments from the debtor. For the tax office, the necessity to pay the full payment before claiming the input VAT refund significantly limits the possibility of fraud in this regard.

Tax-Exempt Organizations and Nonarticulation: Estimates Are No Substitute for Disclosure of Cash Provided by Operations

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Fischer ◽  
Teresa P. Gordon ◽  
Saleha B. Khumawala
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Tax Exempt ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Operating Activities

SYNOPSIS: Not-for-profit entities’ audited financial statements are considered proprietary information, but the World Wide Web provides easy access to financial information from Form 990, the information return filed annually with the Internal Revenue Service. However, Form 990 return does not include potentially useful information for donors, creditors, and regulators such as cash provided by operating activities. Because of articulation of financial statements inherent with the double-entry system, it is theoretically possible to derive operating cash flows from revenues, expenses, and balance sheet accounts that are included on the return. The objective of this study is to determine whether cash from operations can be accurately calculated from Form 990 data. Our analysis includes both simple and more elaborate formulas because complexity may reduce potential usefulness even if accuracy increases. Using 254 observations from two industry groups (higher education and conservation/environmental protection), we compare five formulas. The mean absolute percentage errors of our computations were extremely large for all formulas. Even the formula with the smallest errors produced an amount for cash from operations that was correlated with the actual number for only one of the two industries. The paper also describes articulation problems encountered when a small subsample was examined in more detail. As with similar studies of business entities, it appears that an accurate estimate of cash flow from operating activities cannot be derived from the other financial statements. Therefore, based on the results of this study we recommend that Form 990 should be revised to include selected information from the cash flow statement.

Financial Balance Analysis of Geothermal Companies in Poland Based on Managerial Cash Flows

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7885
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Kustra ◽  
Sylwia Lorenc
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Reverse Situation ◽  
Financial Balance

The use of geothermal energy to produce heat and electricity has become increasingly important in recent years. This is mainly due to environmental issues and the need to ensure energy security. The aim of the article was to analyse and compare the ability to maintain cash balance of selected geothermal companies in Poland. The following were taken for verification: Przedsiębiorstwo Energetyki Cieplnej PEC Geotermia Podhalańska S.A., Geotermia Poddębice Sp. z o.o., Geotermia Mazowiecka S.A., Geotermia Pyrzyce Sp. z o.o. and Geotermia Czarnków Sp. z o.o. The adopted research methodology, combining accrual and cash recognition, allowed the analysis of the ability to create cash flows and maintain cash stability in 2016–2019. The study used financial data from the financial statements of the analysed companies. The analysis shows that the highest cash flows from assets defined as Free Cash Flow to Firm FCFF (over PLN 11,318 thousand) and the highest cash flows for owners Free Cash Flow to Equity FCFE (over PLN 10,005 thousand) are generated by Geotermia Mazowiecka S.A. At the same time, the balance between cash flows meeting the inequality FCFF ≥ FCFE + FCD, where FCD Free Cash Flow to Debt, determines the ability of assets to generate cash covering the current distribution of capital for its donors. Consequently, there is an increase in the value of cash resources identified in investments in the management balance sheet. Such a situation occurred in the case of Geotermia Poddębice Sp. z o.o. and Geotermia Mazowiecka S.A. The reverse situation, i.e., FCFF < FCFE + FCD is characteristic for cash imbalance. In such conditions there is a decrease in cash resources identified in the management balance. This occurred in PEC Geotermia Podhalańska S.A., Geotermia Pyrzyce Sp. z o.o. and Geotermia Czarnków Sp. z o.o.

3. The fundamentals of financial accounting

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Nobes
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Recording System ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
Double Entry ◽  
The Way

‘The fundamentals of financial accounting’ explores the basic ideas of financial accounting: the way accounting actually works, the logic behind the double-entry recording system, and the contents of the basic financial statements (balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement). The following questions are addressed: What does a balance sheet try to show? Why does it balance? How is it that any one transaction has two accounting effects? Which costs lead to assets and which lead to expenses? How do cash flows fit in? How can a profitable company go bust because of a lack of cash?

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PSAK NO. 2 TENTANG LAPORAN ARUS KAS DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PADA PERUM BULOG DIRVE SULUT DAN GORONTALO

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanesa Isalia Minanda Syaefudin ◽  
Jenny Morasa ◽  
Stanly Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Operating Cash Flow ◽  
Cash Flow Statement ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
One Year ◽  
Finance Department ◽  
Real State

In the company’s Financial Statements is a means of consideration in decision making so that, componentsin the financial statements must betrue and correct. In thedecision making companies should use the cash Flow Statement because sometimes the income and balance sheet does not show the real state of corporate finance. The purposeof this study to determine the application of the Cash Flow Statement in accordance with SFAS No. 2 in corporate decision. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The results showed, net cash provided by the company during the year has decreased compared to the previous year. This study uses the ratio analysisin corporate decision making. The Ratio of Operating Cash Flow to Total Liabilities can be used as basis for decision making in the company repay its total Liability for one year of operation. The Ratio of Cash Flow to Current Liabilities can be used as the basis of the decision making companies when measuring the company’s ability to pay Current Liabilities by Net Operating Cash Flow. The Ratio of Cash Flow to Sales companies measure the company’s ability to measure the company’s ability to obtain cash from to sale. Leaders should Perum Bulog particularly the finance department needs to implement the Cash Flow Statement as the basis of its analysis so that can know the financial situation and can be used as a basis for decision making of the company.

scholarly journals FSBu 25/2018 “Accounting for Leases”   and IFRS 16 “Leases”: A comparative Analysis of Key Provisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
V. S. Plotnikov ◽  
O. V. Plotnikova
Keyword(s):  
Structural Information ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Lease Accounting ◽  
Comparative Description

The article is devoted to the problem of accounting reflection of rental relations, which has been the subject of discussion by professional accountants for more than 100 years. At present, more standards are devoted to this problem in world practice than to other accounting objects. Nevertheless, a number of issues remain unresolved. The methodological framework of the study is based on a comparative description of the provisions of IFRS 16 “Leases” and FSBU 25/2018 “Accounting for Leases” and includes a new institutional theory, Conceptual framework for the presentation of financial statements. The research methodology provides for the reclassification of balance sheet items, which allows for significant structural information regarding the reflection of rental objects. The analysis revealed the following differences in standards: the Russian FSBU 25/2018 unreasonably introduces accounting for leasing transactions into the financial lease accounting system; insufficiently convincingly and without proper evidence the issues of identification of financial lease accounting objects are covered. The prospective direction of accounting for financial leases is the possibility of reflecting the property transferred by the lessee as an element of the cost of financial capital, at the same time, the tenant’s long-term obligations should be recognized as existing obligations. The practical significance of the study is determined by the possibility of reducing the level of debt in the balance of the parties to the lease transaction.

scholarly journals Cash flow disaggregation and prediction of cash flow

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Khansalar ◽  
Mohammad Namazi
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Aggregated Model ◽  
Flow Components ◽  
Future Cash Flows

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the incremental information content of estimates of cash flow components in predicting future cash flows. Design/methodology/approach The authors examine whether the models incorporating components of operating cash flow from income statements and balance sheets using the direct method are associated with smaller prediction errors than the models incorporating core and non-core cash flow. Findings Using data from US and UK firms and multiple regression analysis, the authors find that around 60 per cent of a current year’s cash flow will persist into the next period’s cash flows, and that income statement and balance sheet variables persist similarly. The explanatory power and predictive ability of disaggregated cash flow models are superior to that of an aggregated model, and further disaggregating previously applied core and non-core cash flows provides incremental information about income statement and balance sheet items that enhances prediction of future cash flows. Disaggregated models and their components produce lower out-of-sample prediction errors than an aggregated model. Research limitations/implications This study improves our appreciation of the behaviour of cash flow components and confirms the need for detailed cash flow information in accordance with the articulation of financial statements. Practical implications The findings are relevant to investors and analysts in predicting future cash flows and to regulators with respect to disclosure requirements and recommendations. Social implications The findings are also relevant to financial statement users interested in better predicting a firm’s future cash flows and thereby, its firm’s value. Originality/value This paper contributes to the existing literature by further disaggregating cash flow items into their underlying items from income statements and balance sheets.

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