RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF Toxoplasma gondii IN CATTLE AND BUFFALOES IN THE STATE OF PARÁ, BRAZIL

ABSTRACT: The objective was to determine, through indirect immunofluorescence reaction (RIFI, 1:64), the occurrence of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and the risk factors associated with infection in goats in the state of Sergipe. To this study were used 675 samples of blood of animals from 41 farms of the three state mesoregions from 2013 to 2014. The occurrence of seropositive goats was 30.07%, with 90.24% of farms with seropositive animals. The distribution of titers obtained was 37.93%, 11.82%, 17.24%, 18.22%, and 17.77% for 64, 128, 512 and 1024 respectively. The risk factors observed were farms that did not have facilities (p=0.000, OR=2.30, CI 95%=1.41-3.74), with flooded soils (p=0.011, OR=2.94, CI 95%=1.27-6.79), which provided feed on the ground (p=0.032, OR=1.69, CI 95%=1.04-2.74), in uncovered cages (p=0.032, OR=1.69, CI 95%=1.04-2.74), pasture-based feed (p=0.003, OR=3.52, CI 95%=1.53-8.09), with access from cats to (p=0.031, OR=1.45, CI 95%=1.03-2.04) and introduced new breeders in the last five years (p=0.036, OR=1.58, CI 95%=1.02-2.74).

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Occurrence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats from micro-regions of the state of Piauí

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n6p2457 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 2457 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karina Rodrigues dos Santos ◽

Jezlon Da Fonseca Lemos ◽

Carla Duque Lopes ◽

Richard Atila Sousa ◽

Marcelo Richelly Alves de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Water Source ◽

The State ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats from micro-regions of the state of Piauí (Brazil). From six randomly selected properties, 145 goats were examined. Serum samples of the animals were analyzed by ELISA for the presence or absence of antibodies against T. gondii. Of these, 22% were seroreactive for T. gondii. Individual records were also taken for each property. These analyses showed that factors such as sex, age, water source, and presence of cats were associated with animal seropositivity. In addition, there was also a positive correlation (p > 0.04) between animal sex and T. gondii contamination. The presence of cats in the facilities and animal pasture fields appeared to be a risk factor for the contamination of goats in the assessed properties (p > 0.03). The parasite Toxoplasma gondii is present in the goat herds of southern Piauí state, and females are more likely to be contaminated.

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Risk factors associated with the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle and buffaloes in the state of Pará, Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n5p2029 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 2029 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jefferson Pinto de Oliveira ◽

Alexandre Do Rosário Casseb ◽

Anelise De Sarges Ramos ◽

Sebastião Tavares Rolim Filho ◽

Henrique Low Nogueira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Age Groups ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Immunofluorescence Assay ◽

The State ◽

Chi Square ◽

Group 13 ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Chi Square Test

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that parasitizes several hosts worldwide, of which cats are definitive hosts. The objective of this study is to evaluate the risk factors associated with the epidemiology of T. gondii in cattle and buffaloes in the state of Pará, Brazil. A total of 2,070 bovine samples (1,749 cattle and 321 buffaloes) were evaluated in 100 rural properties distributed in 51 municipalities from all mesoregions of the state. The evaluated risk factors were animal gender, type of farm, and number of cats in the properties. The serological prevalence of T. gondii was evaluated using the indirect enzyme immunoadsorption assay (iELISA). The samples with a sample/positive (S/P) ratio ? 0.5 were considered positive and analyzed using the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The samples diluted at 1:64 were considered positive. The chi-square test with a level of significance of 5% and the odds ratio (OR) with a confidence interval of 95% was applied.The data were analyzed using BioEstat software version 5.0.The prevalence of T. gondii in bovines was 35.79% and 45.12% in ELISA and IFAT, respectively. The prevalence was 34.48% and 44.14% in cattle and 42.99% and 50.47% in buffaloes using ELISA and IFA, respectively. The mesoregion with the highest prevalence of infection was Marajó Island, corresponding to 42.86% (129) and 50.5% (152) in ELISA and IFA, respectively. In buffaloes, the prevalence of T. gondiiusing ELISA was higher in males (p < 0.05) in the two age groups. In contrast, the prevalence of T. gondii using IFA was higher in males in the age group 13 to 24 months (p < 0.05). The type of farm did not affect the prevalence of T. gondii in cattle (p > 0.05). However, the presence of cats strongly affected the occurrence of infection in cattle. These results demonstrate the high levels of anti-T. gondii antibodies in cattle and buffaloes in Pará and this may be a public health problem. Furthermore, the presence of cats is a risk factor for infection with T. gondii in these species in Pará.

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Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infections in swine of non-tecnified rearing farms of the northeastern region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil and associated risk factors

Parasite Epidemiology and Control ◽

10.1016/j.parepi.2018.e00080 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. e00080

Author(s):

Gabriela Capriogli Oliveira ◽

Henrique Meiroz de Souza Almeida ◽

Raissa Saran Sartori ◽

Gabriel Augusto Marques Rossi ◽

Luis Guilherme de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

São Paulo ◽

Northeastern Region ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a region of the Brazilian Amazon

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-00009-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Daniele Melo Sardinha ◽

Rosane do Socorro Pompeu de Loiola ◽

Ana Lúcia da Silva Ferreira ◽

Carmem Aliandra Freire de Sá ◽

Yan Corrêa Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

The State ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Brazilian Amazon Region

AbstractThe Brazilian Northern region registered a high incidence of COVID-19 cases, particularly in the state of Pará. The present study investigated the risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a Brazilian Amazon region of 100,819 cases. An epidemiological, cross-sectional, analytical and demographic study, analyzing data on confirmed cases for COVID-19 available at the Brazilian Ministry of Health's surveillance platform, was conducted. Variables such as, municipalities of residence, age, gender, signs and symptoms, comorbidities were included and associated with COVID-19 cases and outcomes. The spatial distribution was performed using the ArcGIS program. A total of 100,819 cases were evaluated. Overall, patients had the mean age of 42.3 years, were female (51.2%) and with lethality reaching 4.79% of cases. Main symptoms included fever (66.5%), cough (61.9%) and sore throat (39.8%). Regarding comorbidities, most of the patients presented cardiovascular disease (5.1%) and diabetes (4.2%). Neurological disease increased risk of death by nearly 15 times, followed by obesity (5.16 times) and immunodeficiency (5.09 time). The municipalities with the highest incidence rate were Parauapebas, Canaã dos Carajás and Jacareacanga. Similarity between the Lower Amazon, Marajó and Southwest mesoregions of Pará state were observed concerning the highest morbidity rates. The obtained data demonstrated that the majority of cases occurred among young adults, females, with the classic influenza symptoms and chronic diseases. Finally, data suggest that the highest incidences were no longer in the metropolitan region of the state. The higher lethality rate than in Brazil may be associated with the greater impacts of the disease in this Amazonian population, or factors associated with fragile epidemiological surveillance in the notification of cases of cure.

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Rabies Ecology in Bauchi State, Nigeria

Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0120 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 5-12

Author(s):

Bolajoko Muhammad-Bashir ◽

Yakubu Joel Atuman

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cost Effective ◽

The State ◽

Control Measures ◽

P Value ◽

Public Health Implication ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Canine Rabies ◽

Dog Ownership ◽

Dog Owners

Despite availability of safer and cost-effective treatments and vaccines, rabies is still considered among the most fatal viral zoonotic disease worldwide. The epidemiology of rabies is directly associated with the ecology of the reservoirs which needs better understanding to underpin appropriate control measures. There are only few reported attempts made towards understanding the ecology of dog and rabies cases in Nigeria. Although dogs are tolerated and kept in Bauchi State, the risk factors associated with dog ownership in the state, remain to be studied. This study is aimed at determining the risk factors associated with dog ownership in Bauchi state and to evaluate the degree with which the presence or absence of the identified factors can increase or decrease risk of rabies cases in the state. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted amongst dog owners across the state. Basic descriptive analyses were carried out in Microsoft Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS 21 was used to determine the relative risk (RR) of rabies occurrence in households across the state when exposed to each of the identified risk factors where P-value was set at 0.05. A total of 80 questionnaires were completed and received from the respondents. The calculated RR, revealed that the practice of extensive system of management increases the risk of canine rabies amongst dogs of the state by 80% and knowledge of dog owners about canine rabies reduces the risk of canine rabies by 27%. This study confirmed that dogs are owned and tolerated but poorly managed under extensive management system in Bauchi state with increasing risks of rabies spread due to low vaccination coverage and lack of practical application of knowledge on the dangers of rabies amongst the populace. The public health implication of this situation and the need for concerted efforts for sustainable control of rabies in the state is discussed

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Testing pigs of non-technified rearing farms for serum antibodies against Taenia solium in a region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2016000300001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 141-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriel A.M. Rossi ◽

Henrique M.S. Almeida ◽

Rafaella P.M. Guimarães-Peixoto ◽

Emílio C. Acevedo-Nieto ◽

Paulo S.A. Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Taenia Solium ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

São Paulo ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Biological Cycle ◽

Serum Antibodies ◽

Factors Associated ◽

And Control

Abstract: Taenia solium is a zoonotic tapeworm of great importance in developing countries, due to the occurrence of human taeniasis and cysticercosis. Pigs have an important role in the biological cycle of the parasite as intermediate hosts. The scientific literature has been describing risk factors associated with the occurrence of this disease that must be avoided in countries with poor sanitation, in order to reduce the exposure of swine to the parasite eggs. This research focused on testing pigs of non-technified rearing farms for serum antibodies against Taenia solium in the region of Jaboticabal municipality, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The found prevalence was 6.82% (CI 95% 4.18 - 9.45) at animal level and 28.87% (CI 95% 16.74 - 40.40) at herd level. These figures are probably associated with low technification adoption during animal rearing in the studied area, which increased the exposure of the animals to risk factors associated with the occurrence of Taenia solium complex. The results found based on serological evidences of swine cysticercosis in the studied region serves as a warning to public sanitary authorities to improve public health and control T. solium.

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Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum seropositivity in buffaloes in Paraiba State, Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612015066 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 459-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Arthur Willian de Lima Brasil ◽

Roberta Nunes Parentoni ◽

Thais Ferreira Feitosa ◽

Camila de Sousa Bezerra ◽

Vinicius Longo Ribeiro Vilela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Management Systems ◽

Intensive Management ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract The aims of this survey were to determine the frequency of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies and to identify the risk factors associated with seropositivity among buffaloes in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. This survey included 136 buffaloes belonging to 14 herds. To detect anti-T. gondii and anti-N. caninum antibodies, the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was used. Among the 136 samples analyzed, 17 (12.5%) were positive for anti-T. gondii antibodies with titers ranging from 64 to 1,024, and 26 (19.1%) for anti-N. caninum with titers from 200 to 1,600. Animals seropositive for both T. gondii and N. caninum were found in 10 of the 14 herds (71.4%). Semi-intensive management systems (odds ratio = 2.99) and presence of pigs (odds ratio = 4.33) were identified as risk factors for T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively. It can be suggested that T. gondii and N. caninum are widespread in buffaloes in Paraíba, and that additional surveys are needed in order to ascertain the importance of these agents for this species and for pigs, and the influence of the farming type on occurrences of seropositive animals.

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Risk factors of occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii among horses in the state of Alagoas, Brazil

Acta Parasitologica ◽

10.1515/ap-2015-0100 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sandra R. Fonseca de Araújo Valença ◽

Rômulo M. Barreto Valença ◽

José Wilton Pinheiro Júnior ◽

Pedro P. Feitosa de Albuquerque ◽

Orestes L. Souza Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Immunofluorescence Assay ◽

The State ◽

Cutoff Point ◽

First Report ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

And Storage

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii among horses and its associated risk factors in Alagoas, Brazil. In total, 440 samples from 36 properties in 23 districts of the state of Alagoas were studied, covering the Leste, Agreste and Sertão mesoregions. Risk factors were evaluated through the application of an investigative questionnaire that focused on the productive, reproductive and sanitary management of herds. T. gondii infection were assayed using the immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with a cutoff point of 64; 14.4% (95% CI: 11.0%-17.8%) of - horses were seropositive. A significant association was determined between anti-T. gondii antibody presence and the consumption and storage of hay (OR = 2.08 / 95% CI: 1.20-3.62). This is the first report of T. gondii infection among horses in the state of Alagoas, Brazil.

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