scholarly journals Risk factors associated with the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle and buffaloes in the state of Pará, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson Pinto de Oliveira ◽  
Alexandre Do Rosário Casseb ◽  
Anelise De Sarges Ramos ◽  
Sebastião Tavares Rolim Filho ◽  
Henrique Low Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
The State ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Chi Square Test

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that parasitizes several hosts worldwide, of which cats are definitive hosts. The objective of this study is to evaluate the risk factors associated with the epidemiology of T. gondii in cattle and buffaloes in the state of Pará, Brazil. A total of 2,070 bovine samples (1,749 cattle and 321 buffaloes) were evaluated in 100 rural properties distributed in 51 municipalities from all mesoregions of the state. The evaluated risk factors were animal gender, type of farm, and number of cats in the properties. The serological prevalence of T. gondii was evaluated using the indirect enzyme immunoadsorption assay (iELISA). The samples with a sample/positive (S/P) ratio ? 0.5 were considered positive and analyzed using the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The samples diluted at 1:64 were considered positive. The chi-square test with a level of significance of 5% and the odds ratio (OR) with a confidence interval of 95% was applied.The data were analyzed using BioEstat software version 5.0.The prevalence of T. gondii in bovines was 35.79% and 45.12% in ELISA and IFAT, respectively. The prevalence was 34.48% and 44.14% in cattle and 42.99% and 50.47% in buffaloes using ELISA and IFA, respectively. The mesoregion with the highest prevalence of infection was Marajó Island, corresponding to 42.86% (129) and 50.5% (152) in ELISA and IFA, respectively. In buffaloes, the prevalence of T. gondiiusing ELISA was higher in males (p < 0.05) in the two age groups. In contrast, the prevalence of T. gondii using IFA was higher in males in the age group 13 to 24 months (p < 0.05). The type of farm did not affect the prevalence of T. gondii in cattle (p > 0.05). However, the presence of cats strongly affected the occurrence of infection in cattle. These results demonstrate the high levels of anti-T. gondii antibodies in cattle and buffaloes in Pará and this may be a public health problem. Furthermore, the presence of cats is a risk factor for infection with T. gondii in these species in Pará.

Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke subtypes among adult patients admitted to stroke unit of JUMC

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekalu Getachew Gebreegziabher ◽  
Tesema Etefa Birhanu ◽  
Diriba Dereje Olana ◽  
Behailu Terefe Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke Unit ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Stroke Subtypes

Background: Stroke is a great public health problem in Ethiopia. According to reports, in-hospital stroke mortality was estimated to be 14.7% in Ethiopia. Despite this, in this country researches done on factors associated with stroke sub-types were inadequate. Objective: To assess the Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke sub-types among patients admitted to JUMC. Methods and materials: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in stroke unit of Jimma University Medical Center. A total of 106 medical charts of patients diagnosed with stroke were reviewed. Checklist comprising of relevant variables was used to collect data. SPSS version 21 was employed for data entry and analysis. Chi-square test was used to point-out association and difference among stroke sub-types. The data was presented using text, tables and figures. Result: From a total of 106 patients, 67(63.2%) were men. The mean ± SD of age was 52.67±12.46 years, and no significant association was found. Of all the patients, 59(55.6%) had ischemic strokes and 47(44.4%) had hemorrhagic strokes. The most common risk factor in the patients was alcohol use with a prevalence of 69.9%. Of all the risk factors, only sex, cigarettes smoking and dyslipidemia were significantly associated to sub-types of stroke. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke was the most common subtype of stroke. Sex of patient, cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with the two stroke subtypes.

scholarly journals Maternal mortality in the indigenous and non-indigenous population in Pará: contribution to the surveillance of deaths

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deivid Ramos dos Santos ◽  
Laura Maria Vidal Nogueira ◽  
Bárbara Lopes Paiva ◽  
Ivaneide Leal Ataide Rodrigues ◽  
Lívia Félix de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The State ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Objective: To analyze the occurrence of Maternal Mortality in general and in the indigenous population in the state of Pará. Method: A quantitative, analytical and retrospective study was performed, covering a historical series from 2005 to 2014. For the analysis of the results, non-parametric statistical tests, the Chi-square test and the G test were processed in the BioStat 5.0 software program. Results: A total of 884 maternal deaths were reported in the state of Pará, corresponding to a Mortality Rate of 60.7 per 100,000 live births for non-indigenous women and 135.8 per 100,000 live births for indigenous women. Oedema, proteinuria and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium corresponded to 30.5% (n = 270). Conclusion and Implications for the Practice: Maternal mortality remains a serious public health problem in the state of Pará, clearly demonstrating that indigenous pregnant women require greater care, since they showed higher Maternal Mortality Rates when compared to non-indigenous women.

Risk factors of occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii among horses in the state of Alagoas, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra R. Fonseca de Araújo Valença ◽  
Rômulo M. Barreto Valença ◽  
José Wilton Pinheiro Júnior ◽  
Pedro P. Feitosa de Albuquerque ◽  
Orestes L. Souza Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
The State ◽  
Cutoff Point ◽  
First Report ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
And Storage

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii among horses and its associated risk factors in Alagoas, Brazil. In total, 440 samples from 36 properties in 23 districts of the state of Alagoas were studied, covering the Leste, Agreste and Sertão mesoregions. Risk factors were evaluated through the application of an investigative questionnaire that focused on the productive, reproductive and sanitary management of herds. T. gondii infection were assayed using the immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with a cutoff point of 64; 14.4% (95% CI: 11.0%-17.8%) of - horses were seropositive. A significant association was determined between anti-T. gondii antibody presence and the consumption and storage of hay (OR = 2.08 / 95% CI: 1.20-3.62). This is the first report of T. gondii infection among horses in the state of Alagoas, Brazil.

Prevalence and risk factors associated to infection by Toxoplasma gondii in ovine in the State of Alagoas, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Wilton Pinheiro ◽  
Rinaldo Aparecido Mota ◽  
Andréa Alice da Fonseca Oliveira ◽  
Eduardo Bento Faria ◽  
Luis Fernando Pita Gondim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
The State ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF Toxoplasma gondii IN CATTLE AND BUFFALOES IN THE STATE OF PARÁ, BRAZIL

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Jefferson Pinto de Oliveira ◽  
Alexandre do Rosário Casseb ◽  
Anelise de Sarges Ramos ◽  
Sebastião Tavares Rolim Filho ◽  
Henrique Low Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
The State ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Surgical Site Infections (SSI) and factors associated in a private tertiary care teaching hospital in Raichur, Karnataka, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 2899
Author(s):  
Prashanta Swami Pujar ◽  
K. B. Phuleker ◽  
Nagaraj Bhalki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Prevention of Surgical site infection (SSI) remains a focus of attention because wound infections continue to be a major source of expense, morbidity, and even mortality. Three quarters of deaths of surgical patients with SSIs are attributed to nosocomial infections, nearly all of which are organ/space infections. The objective of the present study was to estimate the incidence of SSI and to study the various risk factors associated with SSI.Methods: This is a prospective study of 180 eligible cases eligible subjects, who underwent various surgeries in the department of General Surgery after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study conducted at the Navodaya Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Raichur. The tenure for the study was April 2017 to June 2017. Data was collected using pretested proforma. Data was analysed using SPSS version 16. Chi -square test and multiple logistic regression was applied to know the association between various risk factors and occurrence of SSI.Results: Among 180 patients 33 (18.33%) developed surgical site infections (SSI). Among 33 SSIs 25 (75.76%) were grade 3 and 8 (24.24%) were grade 4 infections. SSIs were found more commonly among patients over 50 years, diabetics, HIV infected patients, patients with longer duration of surgery and associations with these factors were found statistically significant.Conclusions: The incidence rate of SSI was quite high, and its end results will have a greater impact on patients as well as on healthcare systems. Prevention of SSI requires multipronged approach targeting both patient related and procedure related risk factors in pre- operative, intra-operative, and post-operative period.

scholarly journals Knowledge on oral cancer among dentistry students at Federal University of Maranhão

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Samira Vasconcelos Gomes ◽  
Thalita Santana Conceição ◽  
Pierre Adriano Moreno Neves ◽  
Fernanda Ferreira Lopes ◽  
Maria Carmen Fontoura Nogueira da Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

INTRODUCTION: Oral cancer is a multifactorial disease of high incidence worldwide and considered a public health problem, in which prevention and early diagnosis are the best ways to reverse this situation. PURPOSE: To evaluate the level of knowledge on oral cancer in a population of dentistry students. METHOD: A questionnaire on oral cancer was applied to 150 students from six classes, divided into three groups according to their semesters. The variables studied were statistically analyzed by applying the chi-square test with confidence interval of 95% and significance level of 5%. RESULT: Eighty-eight students (60.61%) considered their level of knowledge on oral cancer good and regular, while 37.93% rated their knowledge as insufficient. Squamous cell carcinoma was listed as the most common cancer by only 38.25% of students, with the highest percentage of correct answers being observed for groups 2 (55.56%) and 3 (67.39%). The level of knowledge on the risk factors increased over the semesters; however, 77.85% considered their level of confidence to perform diagnostic procedures low. CONCLUSION: The level of knowledge on oral cancer was considered good or regular among dentistry students, and although they showed good level of knowledge on the risk factors and to specific issues of the disease, there is a clear need to implement continued educational measures throughout the course to consolidate learning on this disease.

scholarly journals Anticorpos anti-toxoplasma gondii em gatos domiciliados no Município de Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraia Figueiredo de Souza ◽  
Luciana Dos Santos Medeiros ◽  
Adriane De Souza Belfort ◽  
Andrey Luiz Lopes Cordeiro ◽  
Michelle Federle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
One Year ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Blood samples were collected from 89 cats to assess the prevalence of IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and the possible risk factors associated with feline Toxoplasma gondii infection. An epidemiological questionnaire was developed and implemented for owners of domestic cats domiciled in Rio Branco, Acre. The results were statistically evaluated with the odds ratio and chi-square tests, considering the significance level of 5%. Of 89 animals’ samples, 22 had antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii. Among the 22 reactive animals, 15 (68.19%) were female, 15 (68.19%) were less than one year old and 20 (90%) were cross breed. Concerning risk factors, there was no difference (p > 0.05) between the variables evaluated by the chi-square test. Moreover, 16 (72%) cats were fed a mixed diet, 20 (90%) of the cats had hunting habits, 18 (81%) had contact with animals of another species, 11 (50%) had access to the street, and 22 (95%) lived in homes that had areas of grass or dirt. In conclusion, the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii in domestic cats was 22.7%, and there were no significant risk factors for feline toxoplasmosis in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre.

scholarly journals Occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody and evaluation of risk infection factors in goats raised in Sergipe state, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 374-380
Author(s):  
Huber Rizzo ◽  
Taile K.S. Jesus ◽  
Adrianne M. Alcântara ◽  
Jeferson S. Carvalho ◽  
José Wilton Pinheiro Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
The State ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Flooded Soils ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Infection

ABSTRACT: The objective was to determine, through indirect immunofluorescence reaction (RIFI, 1:64), the occurrence of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and the risk factors associated with infection in goats in the state of Sergipe. To this study were used 675 samples of blood of animals from 41 farms of the three state mesoregions from 2013 to 2014. The occurrence of seropositive goats was 30.07%, with 90.24% of farms with seropositive animals. The distribution of titers obtained was 37.93%, 11.82%, 17.24%, 18.22%, and 17.77% for 64, 128, 512 and 1024 respectively. The risk factors observed were farms that did not have facilities (p=0.000, OR=2.30, CI 95%=1.41-3.74), with flooded soils (p=0.011, OR=2.94, CI 95%=1.27-6.79), which provided feed on the ground (p=0.032, OR=1.69, CI 95%=1.04-2.74), in uncovered cages (p=0.032, OR=1.69, CI 95%=1.04-2.74), pasture-based feed (p=0.003, OR=3.52, CI 95%=1.53-8.09), with access from cats to (p=0.031, OR=1.45, CI 95%=1.03-2.04) and introduced new breeders in the last five years (p=0.036, OR=1.58, CI 95%=1.02-2.74).

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with intramammary colonization with Mollicutes in dairy cattle from Southeast Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Nunes de Morais ◽  
Danielle Regis Pires ◽  
Nathalie Costa da Cunha ◽  
Leandro dos Santos Machado ◽  
Michel Abdalla Helayel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Intramammary Infection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Southeast Brazil ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain

ABSTRACT: Bacteria of Mollicutes Class are associated with intramammary infection and decrease in milk production. This study investigated the occurrence of Mollicutes and elucidated their risk factors in dairy herds from Southeast Brazil. For this, milk samples from 387 lactation cows from Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo States were subjected to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Mollicutes. Species of Mycoplasma were investigated in Mollicutes positive samples by PCR, including Mycoplasma bovis, M. alkalescens, M. bovigenitalium, M. bovirhinis, M. arginini and A. laidlawii. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to collect data on possible risk factors, which were assessed using Pearson’s Chi-square test followed by odds ratio (P≤0.05). Mollicutes were reported in 21% (4/19) of the herds and 4% (16/387) of the animals, while 1% (5/387) were positive for M. bovis and 3% (11/387) for M. arginini. All samples were negative to the other agents. Herds with more than 150 animals [OR=3.51 (95% CI 1.11-11.08)], manual milking [OR=9.97 (95% CI 2.80-35.49)] and not-milking animals with mastitis last [OR=6.54 (95% CI 1.92-22.29)] were risk factors. The presence of these conditions may favor intramammary infection by Mollicutes in dairy herds from Southeast Brazil. This is the first report of M. bovis in Rio de Janeiro and M. arginini in the studied states.

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