scholarly journals Measurement of the interbronchial angle in acute viral bronchiolitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Biondo ◽  
Sérgio Amantéa ◽  
Bruna Lorentz ◽  
José Flores ◽  
João Carlos Santana
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Physiology ◽  
Nasal Catheter ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
One Year ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Acute Viral Bronchiolitis

Acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) is the most common infection of the lower airways in children under 2 years of age. Attempts to determine the severity of the disease based on clinical and radiological manifestations are a major challenge. Measurements of the anatomy of the trachea, main bronchi and bronchioles are not limited to pure anthropometry, but are also useful for better knowledge and applicability in pulmonary physiology, thoracic surgery, anesthesiology and in the care of critically ill patients. This is a cross-sectional, retrospective study, which included all patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in the city of Porto Alegre, over a period of one year, with a diagnosis of AVB. The interbronchial angle (ITB) of these patients was measured and clinical and epidemiological characteristics were analyzed. A total of 425 patients were included, diagnosed with BVA by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) confirmed by immunofluorescence. Most of these patients were male (59.5%) and the median age was 130 days, 91.11% of them required oxygen therapy through a nasal catheter, 3.3% used non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and 4% mechanical ventilation (MV) . Among the studied patients, we obtained only one death (0.2%). Those who required MV or NIV and support in an intensive care unit were considered serious. The mean ITB was lower for these patients than for less severe ones. It is concluded that the ABI has a correlation with the prognosis of patients with AVB and, after further studies, can be used as a severity score.

scholarly journals Assessment of quality of life in asthma patients in 5 to 18 years of children

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 2214
Author(s):  
Nikhil Jain ◽  
Karan Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Asthma Control ◽  
Persistent Asthma ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Background: Asthma is a common cause of morbidity and mortality with prevalence of 300 million in world. The QOL of asthmatic patients cannot be determined only on the basis the severity of the disease, but requires a measurement of personal perception. This study was conducted with the aim to assess and compare the QOL using PedsQl scale in asthma patients between 5 to 18 years of age with different demographic and clinical variables.Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at respiratory clinic in tertiary hospital, Rewa from October 2017 to June 2019. A total number of 150 asthmatic patients and their parents participated. Asthmatic patients (N=150) and their parents, presenting to asthma clinic of Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Rewa (after applying inclusion-exclusion criteria) were assessed for QOL using PedsQl scale 3.0. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 20. Test of significance by student T-test and one way ANOVA.Results: The QOL is severely hampered by asthma with mean of 59 in intermittent asthma, 51 in mild, 44.74 in moderate and 40 in severe persistent asthma, significant p value of <0.05. Younger age, level of asthma control and severity were significantly related to QOL with p value of <0.05. Sex, socioeconomic status, were insignificantly related.Conclusions: QOL is impaired as the grading of asthma increases. Impairment of Quality of life are mostly associated with low level of asthma control, poly-therapy and frequent night attacks.

scholarly journals Antibiotics prescription pattern and determinants of utilization in the national health insurance scheme at a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2356-2364
Author(s):  
Roland Nnaemeka Okoro ◽  
Chijioke Nmeka ◽  
Patrick O Erah
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
National Health Insurance Scheme ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Health Insurance Scheme ◽  
Insurance Scheme ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
One Year

Background: Subsidizing the cost of medicines through insurance schemes increases consumption of medicines and may contribute to irrational use of antibiotics. Objectives: To describe the systemic antibiotics prescriptions patterns and analyze the determinants of their utilization in the National Health insurance Scheme (NHIS).Methods: Established WHO guideline was followed to conduct this cross-sectional retrospective study at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Data were collected from randomly sampled prescription sheets of one year duration. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of antibiotics prescriptions.Results: The results are based on 802 sampled out-patients NHIS prescriptions. Average number of medicines per encounter was 4.0 ± 1.8, whereas 46.9% of antibiotics were prescribed by generic name. Penicillins (most frequently amoxicillin/clavulanate), and nitroimidazole (most frequently metronidazole) were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics with percentage share of 43.3% and 22.2%. Being <5 years old, and taking more than 4 medicines (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.37-3.55) were the factors associated with the highest risk of antibiotics exposure.Conclusion: There were poly-pharmacy, and non-adherence to generic antibiotic prescriptions. Penicillins (amoxicillin/clavulanate) were the most commonly prescribed antibiotic class. Being < 5 years old, and taking more than 4 medicines were significant predictors of antibiotics exposure.Keywords: Antibiotics; national health insurance scheme; Nigeria; poly-pharmacy; prescription.

scholarly journals Correlation of pap smear and colposcopic finding of cervix with histopatholgiocal report in a group of patient attending in a tertiary hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Suraiya Parvin ◽  
Nazneen Kabir ◽  
Yeasmin Samad Lipe ◽  
Khaleda Nasreen ◽  
KM Nurul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽  
One Year ◽  
Colposcopy Clinic

Objective: To correlate Pap’s smear and colposcopic finding of cervix with histopathological report of abnormal area of cervix in a group of patient attending a tertiary hospital. Methods: It was a cross-sectional prospective study done in one year period from January to December 2007 in Colposcopy Clinic of Institute of Child and Maternal Health (ICMH) Hospital, Dhaka. The study carried out including fifty two female patients having clinically unhealthy cervices as in the form of hypertrophy, erosion, congestion or bleeds on touch or having positive pap smear found during P/V or P/S examination, attending gynaecology out patient department of ICMH Hospital after fulfilling all the inclusion criteria. Result: The present study showed a correlation between cervical cytology and colposcopically directed biopsy, the correlation was accurate within one grade in 39 of 51 cases (76.16%) (as cytology was not done in one case). Other studies showed cytologic accuracy (within one level of histologic finding) to about 83% and 88% cases. Conclusion: The study done here shows excellent correlation between findings of colposcopy with that of histopathology of guided biopsy. It also confirms the diagnostic value of colposcopy in the management of women with abnormal cervical cytology with squamous atypia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i1.15604 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No. 1, April, 2013, Page 39-44

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureuscolonisation: epidemiological and molecular characteristics in an acute-care tertiary hospital in Singapore

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (14) ◽  
pp. 1785-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Htun ◽  
W. M. Kyaw ◽  
P. F. de Sessions ◽  
L. Low ◽  
M. L. Hibberd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

AbstractCurrent knowledge of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) colonisation in relation to epidemiological characteristics is incomplete. We conducted a cross-sectional study at an acute-care tertiary infectious diseases hospital of MRSA isolates identified through routine surveillance from January 2009 to December 2011. We randomly selected 205 MRSA isolates (119 inpatients) from 798 isolates (427 inpatients) for molecular profiling using multilocus sequence typing. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratio (OR) assessing the predilection of MRSA strains for anatomic sites, and associations of strains with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The most frequent sequence types (STs) were 239, 22 and 45. The proportion of ST22 increased over the sampling period, replacing ST239 as the dominant lineage. However, ST239 remained the most prevalent among HIV-seropositive individuals who were six times more likely to be colonised with this strain than non-HIV patients (adjusted OR (aOR) 6.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.94–21.36). ST45 was >24 times more likely to be associated with perianal colonisation than in the nares, axillae and groin sites (aOR 24.20, 95% CI 1.45–403.26). This study underlines the clonal replacement of MRSA in Singapore as previously reported but revealed, in addition, key strain differences between HIV-infected and non-infected individuals hospitalised in the same environment.

scholarly journals Measurements of the normal size of spleen and spleen to left kidney ratio among sudanese children up to five years age using ultrasonography

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4349
Author(s):  
Awadia G. Suliman ◽  
Mohammed A. Adam ◽  
Rihab Y. Ahmed ◽  
Raga A. Aburaida ◽  
Ahmed A. Ebrahim
Keyword(s):  
Left Kidney ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spleen Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Kidney Length ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Background: Knowledge of the normal range of spleen size in the population being examined is very important because there are many different pathological conditions that may alter in spleen size. Also, gender, height, weight and BMI of individual, affect the splenic length and could result in incorrect interpretation of splenic measurements, spleen to left kidney ratio is one of recent parameter mention in literature aid in diagnosis of splenomegaly in children.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study conducted in Khartoum state at Al-Buluk and Gaafar Ibnauf Paediatric Tertiary Hospital during the period from March 2018 to August 2018. A total of 101 children (males and females) with aged ranged 1 month to 5 years included in study. A transabdominal scan was performed, and measurement of spleen and left kidney taken after an ethical verbal consent from their parents, then data analyzed by SPSS, Mean±SD. Deviation for study variables calculated then correlation between patients factors and ultrasound measurements done.Results: The study found that the mean measurements of the normal size of the spleen and spleen to left kidney ratio for children up to five years of age, Splenic length was 7.24±1.12 cm, width was 3.83±0.81 cm , thickness 2.91±0.55 cm and spleen to left kidney ratio was 1.04±0.0.70 ranged (0.86-1.23). The male have larger spleen than female with no statistically significant differences in spleen sizes between the sexes. There was a strong significant correlation between age, weight, height  spleen and left kidney length (p<0.01)respectively and a moderate association with BMI (p<0.05).Conclusions: Spleen and left kidneys was growing rapidly and similarly in infant up to one year of life 1 mm\1 mm for each month and then decreasing growth rate of kidney in relate to spleen for 1 mm growth of spleen kidney grow 0.8 mm in up to five years of age. There was strong significant positive correlation between spleen and left kidney measurement with age, height, weight of individual. The spleen to left kidney ratio for children up to five years ranged (0.86-1.23) with mean 1.04, so if the ratio less or more than this ranged it should be considered in clinical context for diagnosis of splenomegaly or shrunken spleen in children up to five years of age.

scholarly journals Respiratory syncytial virus infection in a selected sample of infants hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection in Lithuania and Estonia

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
Nijolė Drazdienė ◽  
Mari Laan ◽  
Jolanta Zaikauskienė ◽  
Vytautas Usonis
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiologic Survey ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tract Infections

Background. The study presents data on a sample of children under one year of age hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in Lithuania and Estonia. Subjects and methods. This large, retrospective, cross-sectional, observational epidemiologic survey was conducted in 12 countries in Central and Eastern Europe. Eligible subjects were under one year of age, hospitalized for LRTIs, for whom RDT (Rapid Diagnostic Test) was performed. Physicians completed questionnaires at discharge or on the first check-up visit after hospitalization. To test for RSV, the immunochromatographic method was used in Lit­hua­nia, and immunofluorescense or the PCR methods were applied in Estonia. Results. In two countries, 482 patients fulfilling the definition of a LRTI case (i.e., children below one year of age hospitalized with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis and/or pneumonia) were enrolled during two consecutive RSV seasons. Bronchiolitis was the most common diagnosis (84%). In Lithuania and Estonia, 36.6% and 83.3% of cases were conscious at admission. RSV was confirmed in 87.3% and 54.2% of tested LRTI cases in Estonia and Lithuania, respectively. Intensive care unit hospitalization was required for 9.1% of LRTI cases in Lithuania and for 3.1% of cases in Estonia. Supplemental oxygen was required for 23.2% and 31.6% in cases in Lithuania and Estonia, respectively. In Lithuania, complete recovery at discharge was assessed for 35.8% of LRTI cases and improvement in 62.2% of cases. In Estonia, all LRTI cases were improved at discharge and there were no complete recoveries. Conclusion. RSV was prevalent among children hospitalized for LRTI in Lithuania and Estonia; bronchiolitis was the most common diagnosis in hospitalized patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Adenomyosis in Hysterectomy Specimens Performed at a Tertiary Hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Kricha Pande ◽  
S Koirala ◽  
A Giri
Keyword(s):  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Serous Cyst Adenoma

Adenomyosis is a common condition, detected in 15-30% of hysterectomy specimens. It is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. The data regarding incidence or incidental finding of adenomyosis in hysterectomy specimen is lacking despite this condition being common and bearing serious implications in symptomatology as well as in infertility. Adenomyosis can be incidental finding in hysterectomy done for other gynecologic pathology as well. Hence, this present study has established the prevalence of adenomyosis as well as it’s association with other uterine pathology in routine hysterectomy specimens. This was a cross sectional study conducted at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), Kathmandu for a duration of one year (March 2019 to February 2020). Total of 154 hysterectomies were included in the study, out of which 37 cases showed adenomyosis. The prevalence of adenomyosis was 24%. The age group for adenomyosis ranged from 36 years to 52 years with the mean age of 44 ± 4.4 years. The most common pathology other than adenomyosis was leiomyoma (19 cases) followed by two cases of endometriotic cyst, two cases of endometrial polyp, one case of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), one case of hyperplasia of endometrium with atypia, and one case of serous cyst adenoma of ovary. Thus this study showed that the prevalence of adenomyosis was 24% and was seen higher in the age group of 35-50 years. The most frequent co-pathology in these adenomyosis cases was leiomyoma.

Nurse’s knowledge and Awareness Regarding Cervical Cancer and its Prevention in Different Hospitals of Quetta, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 436-441
Author(s):  
Saba Haider ◽  
Noman Ul Haq ◽  
Sohail Riaz ◽  
Aqeel Nasim ◽  
Muhammad Saood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Current Area ◽  
One Year

Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness regarding cervical cancer and its prevention among nurses working in different hospitals of Quetta, Pakistan. Methodology: The cross sectional, descriptive study was conducted by using structured questionnaire in different hospitals of Quetta from January to September 2016. Convenient sampling technique was applied by targeting all the nurses working in different hospitals of Quetta city. Study questionnaire was developed and tested for validity and reliability. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis tests, p<0.05) were used to assess the significance among study variables and were performed by using IBM SPSS v.20. Results: Out of 415 distributed questionnaires 324 were returned (response rate of 78%). The mean Age of respondents was 28.18 ±9.5 years. Majority (n=127, 43.3%) of participants were interns and had no or less than one year of experience (n=128, 43.7%) with negative family history of any cancer (n=275, 93.9%). Mean knowledge score was 18.52±4.84with majority (n=258, 88.1%) had adequate knowledge regarding cervical cancer. Respondent sage, current area of practice, qualification, Institute of degree and past family history were contributing factors (p > 0.05) in adequate knowledge in this study. The results also reviled that not only 68.3% (n=200) and 65.5% (n=192) respondents knew that cervical cancer is vaccine preventable and availability of the vaccine for it. Conclusions: Nurses working in different hospitals of Quetta city had better understanding of the disease cervical cancer and its prevention. Yet many of the respondent are not aware of it vaccine and its availability.

Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) Evaluation of Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Md Tauhidul Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jahirul Hoque Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad Sadekur Rahman Sarkar ◽  
KM Ahasan Ahmed ◽  
Md Nazmul Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Aneurysm ◽  
Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
One Year ◽  
Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background: In evaluation of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage CT angiography (CTA) has 97-98% sensitivity and near 100% specificity. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the CTA findings of CT positive non traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methodology: This is an observational cross sectional study performed in Neurology department of National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka over one year period (January 2019 to December 2019). Total 87 CT positive subarachnoid hemorrhage cases were purposively included in this study. All CT positive patients underwent CTA of Cerebral vessels for further evaluation. The angiography were evaluated by competent neuro-radiologists blinded about the study. Result: Among 87 patients, 40.2% were male and 59.8% were female. The average age was 53.33±11.1 years. Among the studied patient the source of bleeding was found 78.16% aneurysmal and 21.84% non-aneurysmal. 85.30% patients had single aneurysm and 14.70% had multiple aneurysm. The highest number of patient had Acom aneurysm (41.17%) followed by MCA (22.05%), ICA (13.23%), ACA (7.35%) and vertebral artery (1.14%) in order of frequency. Among the multiple aneurysm group most of the patients had combination of Acom, MCA and ICA aneurysm. Conclusion: From this study, we can conclude that CTA can be used as the primary diagnostic tool in evaluation of spontaneous SAH. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2020;6(2): 78-81

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