scholarly journals Composition and process approaches underpinning the mechanical properties of oleogels

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noadia Barroso ◽  
Matheus Augusto Santos ◽  
Paula K Okuro ◽  
Rosiane L. Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Trans Fats ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Trap Liquid ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
Low Levels

Consumers are becoming aware of the relevance of eating low levels of trans and saturated fats in processed foods. In addition, many countries are adopting regulatory measures on the use of these ingredients. For this reason, the exploration of new technologies capable of producing structures that trap liquid oil (composed of unsaturated fatty acids, considered healthier) has been widely investigated in order to replace saturated and trans fats in food products. One of the most promising technologies is the so-called oleogels, which present a great challenge to mimic sensory attributes related to the texture of processed foods based on saturated fats. In this review, we discuss how the different approaches used in the production of oleogels, direct or indirect methods, as well as compositional variables, such as oleogelators and mixing ratio, can directly influence the mechanical properties of these structures. An overview of the parameters that can interfere with these properties contributes to a better understanding of the building of the oleogels and their possible applications.

Ultra-processed foods drive to unhealthy diets: evidence from Chile

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Cediel ◽  
Marcela Reyes ◽  
Camila Corvalán ◽  
Renata Bertazzi Levy ◽  
Ricardo Uauy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trans Fats ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Saturated Fats

Abstract Objectives: To assess the consumption of ultra-processed foods and its association with the overall dietary content of nutrients related to non-communicable diseases (NCD) in the Chilean diet and to estimate the population attributable fraction of ultra-processed food consumption on the unhealthy nutrient content. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of dietary data collected through a national survey (2010). Setting: Chile. Participants: Chilean population aged ≥2 years (n 4920). Results: In Chile, ultra-processed foods represented 28·6 % of the total energy intake. A significant positive association was found between the dietary share of ultra-processed foods and NCD-promoting nutrients such as dietary energy density (standardised regression coefficient (β) = 0·22), content of free sugars (β = 0·45), total fats (β = 0·26), saturated fats (β = 0·19), trans fats (β = 0·09) and Na:K ratio (β = 0·04), while a significant negative association was found with the content of NCD-protective nutrients such as K (β = –0·19) and fibre (β = –0·31). The content of Na (β = 0·02) presented no significant association. Except for Na, the prevalence of inadequate intake of all nutrients (WHO recommendations) increased across quintiles of the dietary share of ultra-processed foods. With the reduction of ultra-processed foods consumption to the level seen among the 20 % lowest consumers (3·8 % (0–9·3 %) of the total energy from ultra-processed foods), the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy would be reduced in almost three-fourths for trans fats; in half for energy density (foods); in around one-third for saturated fats, energy density (beverages), free sugars and total fats; in near 20 % for fibre and Na:K ratio and in 13 % for K. Conclusions: In Chile, decreasing the consumption of ultra-processed foods is a potentially effective way to achieve the WHO nutrient goals for the prevention of diet-related NCD.

Interference of Saturated Fats in the Determination of Low Levels of trans Fats (below 0.5%) by Infrared Spectroscopy

2007 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Mossoba ◽  
J. K. G. Kramer ◽  
V. Milosevic ◽  
M. Milosevic ◽  
H. Azizian
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Trans Fats ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Low Levels

scholarly journals 3D Printing of High Viscosity Reinforced Silicone Elastomers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2239
Author(s):  
Nicholas Rodriguez ◽  
Samantha Ruelas ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Forien ◽  
Nikola Dudukovic ◽  
Josh DeOtte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Silicone Elastomers ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Octet Truss ◽  
Tunable Mechanical Properties

Recent advances in additive manufacturing, specifically direct ink writing (DIW) and ink-jetting, have enabled the production of elastomeric silicone parts with deterministic control over the structure, shape, and mechanical properties. These new technologies offer rapid prototyping advantages and find applications in various fields, including biomedical devices, prosthetics, metamaterials, and soft robotics. Stereolithography (SLA) is a complementary approach with the ability to print with finer features and potentially higher throughput. However, all high-performance silicone elastomers are composites of polysiloxane networks reinforced with particulate filler, and consequently, silicone resins tend to have high viscosities (gel- or paste-like), which complicates or completely inhibits the layer-by-layer recoating process central to most SLA technologies. Herein, the design and build of a digital light projection SLA printer suitable for handling high-viscosity resins is demonstrated. Further, a series of UV-curable silicone resins with thiol-ene crosslinking and reinforced by a combination of fumed silica and MQ resins are also described. The resulting silicone elastomers are shown to have tunable mechanical properties, with 100–350% elongation and ultimate tensile strength from 1 to 2.5 MPa. Three-dimensional printed features of 0.4 mm were achieved, and complexity is demonstrated by octet-truss lattices that display negative stiffness.

scholarly journals Nutritional profile of ultra-processed foods advertised in small food retailers

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Borges ◽  
C Kikuta ◽  
P C Jaime
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Background It is necessary to analyze the nutritional profile and advertising claims of ultra-processed foods available in small food retailers. Methods This is an observational cross-sectional study that carried out an audit on small food businesses. Information was collected on advertising, price, ingredient list, nutritional composition and portion size. All investigated foods were grouped according to the NOVA food classification. Food advertising was categorized into 11 different consumer appeals. The relationship between the type of advertising appeal of the ultra-processed food and its nutritional profile was analyzed. A comparison was made between the nutritional composition of the advertised food and the recommendations of sugar, saturated fat and sodium of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Results The most prevalent ultra-processed foods in small retailers were sweets and treats (18.5%); sugary sweetened beverages (15.7%), sausages (12.0%) and baked goods (11.1%). Most of the advertising on the packaging of ultra-processed foods was about healthy eating and physical activity and sensory aspects of the product (color, flavor, texture). Foods classified as high in sugars had the highest number of advertisements related to healthy eating and physical activity, foods high in sugar and saturated fats, had the highest number of advertisements related to sensory aspects, healthy eating and physical activity and foods high in sodium and / or saturated fats, had more advertising related to convenience. Conclusions Identifying that advertising for ultra-processed foods is associated with health and well-being, physical activity and sensory aspects leads us to a better understanding of the factors that influence consumer perception in small businesses. Advertising for foods rich in sugar, saturated fat and sodium based on health and well-being should be better regulated by public agencies in Brazil, supporting consumers to make healthier choices. Key messages Ultra-processed foods induce to consume large quantities, due to the convenience and the advertising present in their packaging that stimulate a healthy life, physical activity and sensory aspects. It is necessary support and defend changes in nutrition labeling, in order to clarify the nutritional information to consumers.

The Development of New Chemically Resistant Material for the Invert Grouting

2021 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Petr Figala ◽  
Rostislav Drochytka ◽  
Vit Černý
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
New Material ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Homogenization Methods ◽  
Grouting Materials

This work deals with the basic research and development of new technologies of cement-based invert grouting, in the recipe of which the appropriately selected secondary raw materials will be used as much as possible. This new grout will be part of a new comprehensive system for the remediation of chemically exposed building structures, such as sewers, silage pits and wastewater treatment plants. The aim of this work is to monitor the influence of the method and the degree of homogenization of the developed recipes on selected physical-mechanical properties of the injection material. For the needs of this work, several basic recipes were proposed, as well as the methodology of production of test specimens, their storage and testing. At the same time, three homogenization methods were chosen, differing in the manner and degree of implementation. The basic characteristics of grouting materials, which were monitored in this work, include the viscosity and processability of fresh material. Due to the requirement for increased resistance of the new material, the compressive strength and absorbency of the hardened test specimens 40 × 40 × 160 mm were monitored depending on the maturation time. The research results so far show that thorough homogenization has a fundamental effect on achieving the required physical-mechanical properties. The final methodology of homogenization of dry components will be used in the pre-preparation of all materials of the new chemically resistant remediation system, including the sprayed mixture.

Composite Sandwich with Aluminum Foam Core and Adhesive Bonded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Cover Layer

2017 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Hackert ◽  
Claudia Drebenstedt ◽  
Tristan Timmel ◽  
Tomasz Osiecki ◽  
Lothar Kroll
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Bending Stiffness ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Metal Composites ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Composite Sandwich ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastics

The combination of metals and fiber reinforced plastics is also known as hybrid metal composites. They offer the fusion of the good static mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced plastics and the good dynamic mechanical properties of the metal. For that reason, parts made of hybrid metal composites are predestined for the use as load relevant parts. The purpose of this study was to develop new technologies for semi finished hybrid metal composite materials. Thermoplastic Fiber-Reinforced Composites (TP-FRC) were arranged with new, isotropic, closed pore Aluminum Foam (AF) structures to an Extrinsically Combined Composite Sandwich (ECCS) by adhesive bonding. They form the basis for novel weight-optimized as well as cost-effective applications. The entire manufacturing process for the continuous semi-finished product was examined and verified according DIN EN 2563. This was done with regard to subsequent characterization by the specific bending modulus and specific bending stiffness. The examinations show a high bending stiffness and high strength structures combined with excellent damping properties at high damage tolerances. These are the most requested in automotive applications.

scholarly journals The Effect of Nanometric α-Al2O3 Addition on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Feal Alloys Fabricated by Lens Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 1703-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Łazińska ◽  
T. Durejko ◽  
W. Polkowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Intermetallic Alloy ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Metal Pool ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Α Al2o3 ◽  
Melted Metal

AbstractResults of the first principle study on a fabrication of FeAl intermetallic based alloy with an addition of nanometric αAl2O3(n-Al2O3) particles by the LENS method and a subsequent characterization of the as received materials’ structure and properties, are shown in the present work. A series of samples were manufactured using LENS technique while a control of temperature and the size of melted metal pool. The presence of ceramics nanoparticles was not directly confirmed by microscopy observations. Neither aluminum nor oxygen content was not elevated in the material with n-Al2O3content. Although, indirect methods revealed influence of n-Al2O3addition on the manufactured elements structure. Analyses of porosity has shown that addition of 2% vol. n-Al2O3significantly decreases this feature (~1%), as compared to the reference material made of pure FeAl intermetallic alloy (~5%). The addition of n-Al2O3causes an increase of grain size in Fe40Al intermetallic alloy. An oxidation resistance has been also improved what was associated to the n-Al2O3addition. Four times lower increase of samples mass was noticed for sample with the n-Al2O3addition as compared to the pure Fe40Al intermetallic alloy.

scholarly journals Investigation of a Short Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polyamide and Comparison of Two Manufacturing Processes: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and Polymer Injection Moulding (PIM)

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Verdejo de Toro ◽  
Juana Coello Sobrino ◽  
Alberto Martínez Martínez ◽  
Valentín Miguel Eguía ◽  
Jorge Ayllón Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Injection Moulding ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Polymer Injection ◽  
Fused Deposition

New technologies are offering progressively more effective alternatives to traditional ones. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is gaining importance in fields related to design, manufacturing, engineering and medicine, especially in applications which require complex geometries. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is framed within AM as a technology in which, due to their layer-by-layer deposition, thermoplastic polymers are used for manufacturing parts with a high degree of accuracy and minimum material waste during the process. The traditional technology corresponding to FDM is Polymer Injection Moulding, in which polymeric pellets are injected by pressure into a mould using the required geometry. The increasing use of PA6 in Additive Manufacturing makes it necessary to study the possibility of replacing certain parts manufactured by injection moulding with those created using FDM. In this work, PA6 was selected due to its higher mechanical properties in comparison with PA12. Moreover, its higher melting point has been a limitation for 3D printing technology, and a further study of composites made of PA6 using 3D printing processes is needed. Nevertheless, analysis of the mechanical response of standardised samples and the influence of the manufacturing process on the polyamide’s mechanical properties needs to be carried out. In this work, a comparative study between the two processes was conducted, and conclusions were drawn from an engineering perspective.

Grain refinement of C-Mn steel through thermo-mechanical processing

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-297
Author(s):  
Archana Rethinam ◽  
Vinoo D. Shivakumar ◽  
L. Harish ◽  
M.B. Abhishek ◽  
G.V. Ramana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Hot Rolling ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Processing Parameter ◽  
Coiling Temperature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Plant Processing

Purpose – The application of new technologies requires, however, modern rolling mills. Indeed, in manufacturing plants of older types, strict compliance with the developed rolling regimes is not always feasible. Improving the mechanical properties in such cases is possible only by means of cooling. Compressive deformation behavior of carbon–manganese (C-Mn) grade has been investigated at temperatures ranging from 800-900°C and strain rate from 0.01-50 s−1 on Gleeble-3800, a thermo-mechanical simulator. Simulation studies have been conducted mainly to observe the microstructural changes for various strain rate and deformation temperatures at a constant strain of 0.5 and a cooling rate of 20°C s−1. Design/methodology/approach – The project begins with simulation of a hot rolling condition using the thermo-mechanical simulator; this was followed by microstructural examination and identification of phases present by using an optical microscope for hot-rolled coil and simulated samples; grain size measurement and size distribution studies; and optimization of finishing temperature, coiling temperature and cooling rate by mimicking plant processing parameters to improve the mechanical properties. Findings – As the strain rate and temperature increase, pearlite banding decreases gradually and finally gets completely eliminated, thereby improving the mechanical properties. True stress–strain curves were plotted to extrapolate the effect of strain-hardening and strain rate sensitivity on austenite (γ) and austenite–ferrite (γ-a) regions. To validate the effect of strain rate and temperature over the grain size, the hardness of simulated samples was measured using the universal hardness tester and the corresponding tensile strength was found from the standard hardness chart. Practical implications – The results of the study carried out have projected a new technology of thermo-mechanical simulation for the studied C-Mn grade. These results were used to optimize the plant processing parameter like finishing and coiling temperature and finishing stands strain rate. Originality/value – By controlling the hot rolling conditions like finishing, coiling temperature and cooling rate, structures differing in mechanical properties can be obtained for the same material. Accurate understanding of a structure being formed when different temperatures are applied enables the control of the process that assures intended structures and mechanical properties are achieved.

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