scholarly journals Anxiety, Beliefs and Covid-19 in Two Periods of the Pandemic in Brazil: A comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-147
Author(s):  
Geovanna Santana De Souza Turri ◽  
Renata Elly Barbosa Fonte ◽  
Luiz Guilherme Lima-Silva ◽  
Andre Faro
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Participant Selection ◽  
The Future ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Favorable Period

This research compared evocations regarding the term “coronavirus” during two different periodsin the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil in 2020 — March (beginning of the pandemic in the country)and June (Brazil as the epicenter of the pandemic) —, considering the presence or absence ofanxiety symptoms in participants. The methodology adopted the free evocation technique and theGeneralized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2) symptom scale. The sample was composed of 5,961 womenand 1,153 men. Participant selection was relegated to convenience sampling by means of an onlinequestionnaire. Results showed that the coronavirus had diff erential impacts among the groups thatwere assessed and according to the time of data collection. In general, in March, people with anxietysymptoms had a more catastrophic view of the future, while people without those symptoms had aless unfavorable repertoire to adjust to the situation. In June, both groups reported a negative viewof the scenario, indicating a decrease or exhaustion in their capacity for psychological adjustment.This suggests the possibility of an increase of some conditions that result in adaptive impairment,exhaustion, and mental illness. Finally, it is important to understand people’s beliefs about the coronavirusat diff erent times of the pandemic because it is a favorable period for the emergence and/orintensification of mental disorders.

scholarly journals Identification of the Reasons of Childrens Anxiety and Submissive Attitude: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Schools

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (III) ◽  
pp. 300-308
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shakir ◽  
Mussarat Jahan ◽  
Shaista Noreen
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Panic Attack ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Convenience Sampling

The main purpose of this research was to analyse the children anxiety in both public and private schools. The main objectives of the study were (a) to identify the factor that involve to increase fear among children; (b) to investigate the positive and negative impact of anxiety on students academic performance; (c) to analyse the children learning state of mind during fear and submissive attitude. This descriptive research involved the data collection from ninety (90) teachers, three hundred and seventy five (375) students and forty (40) parents. They were selected by convenience sampling technique. It is found that when children are in fearful environment they feel panic attack and they participate less in class when they are in state of fear while most of the children think that stress, verbal threading and punishment is the basic cause of anxiety among early grades children.

scholarly journals Prinsip dalam keperawatan jiwa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Novrial Ahmad Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
General Public ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Health Community ◽  
The Future ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Mental health is projected to be one of issues that would be a problem among people's live in the future. This issue is caused by a lack of knowledge and insight into the mental health community, as well as the negative stigma attached to people's perceptions of mental illness and the sufferers. The negative stigma hamper government and community efforts in creating mental health in the community. Stigma obstruct the recovery process of mental disorders that can happen to any human being and for the sufferers will be difficult to live in the midst of the general public.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Destination Selection Attributes among Island Tourists

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.34) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Fathilah Ismail ◽  
Ahmad Puad Mat Som ◽  
N Alia Fahada W Ab Rahman ◽  
Roseliza Mat Alipiah
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Island Community ◽  
World Class ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Destination Selection

The objective of this research is to examine differences in the choice of destination attributes, from the perspective of cross-cultural visitors and local islanders at two world-class islands in Malaysia. Using a close-ended questionnaire and random convenience sampling method, data collection has been carried out at two most visited islands in Terengganu; Redang and Perhentian. A total of 391 respondents (tourists and local hosts) was involved in this study. The outcomes of this research have demonstrated that local hosts and island travelers responded to destination selection attributes differently. The hosts were concerned with the environment and island activities, while tourist groups emphasized on the availability of services and facilities on the islands. This study also highlights that Malay and western tourist have a significant different perception with regard to destination selection attributes. Western tourist is also seeking a chance to be part of the island community and take part in their daily lifestyle. This research provides information on destination selection attributes and highlights the importance of understanding about cultural differences among tourists and local hosts in delivering satisfactory services for the survival of island tourism over the long term.   

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Destination Selection Attributes among Island Tourists

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.34) ◽  
pp. 484
Author(s):  
Fathilah Ismail ◽  
Ahmad Puad Mat Som ◽  
N Alia Fahada W Ab Rahman1, Roseliza Mat Alipiah ◽  
Roseliza Mat Alipiah
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Island Community ◽  
World Class ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Destination Selection

The objective of this research is to examine differences in the choice of destination attributes, from the perspective of cross-cultural visitors and local islanders at two world-class islands in Malaysia. Using a close-ended questionnaire and random convenience sampling method, data collection has been carried out at two most visited islands in Terengganu; Redang and Perhentian. A total of 391 respondents (tourists and local hosts) was involved in this study. The outcomes of this research have demonstrated that local hosts and island travelers responded to destination selection attributes differently. The hosts were concerned with the environment and island activities, while tourist groups emphasized on the availability of services and facilities on the islands. This study also highlights that Malay and western tourist have a significant different perception with regard to destination selection attributes. Western tourist are also seeking a chance to be part of the island community and take part in their daily lifestyle. This research provides information on destination selection attributes and highlights the importance of understanding about cultural differences among tourists and local hosts in delivering satisfactory services for the survival of island tourism over the long term.  

Perceived Attainment of Developmental Tasks in Adolescents With and Without Mental Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Martin Pinquart ◽  
Jens P. Pfeiffer ◽  
Katja Becker
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Developmental Tasks ◽  
Matched Sample ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract. The present study compared the perceived attainment of developmental tasks of 220 adolescents diagnosed with anxiety disorder, attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, or depression with a matched sample of 220 peers without a mental illness. The clinical sample perceived lower success with solving personal, social, and socio-institutional developmental tasks compared with their healthy peers. Comparisons across diagnoses identified the largest differences between students with internalizing disorders (anxiety, depression) versus other disorders. We conclude that psychological interventions with adolescents with mental disorders should promote their attainment of age-typical developmental goals.

scholarly journals Does the millennial generation of women experience more mental illness than their mothers?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake M. Najman ◽  
William Bor ◽  
Gail M. Williams ◽  
Christel M. Middeldorp ◽  
Abdullah A. Mamun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Data Set

Abstract Background There is concern that rates of mental disorders may be increasing although findings disagree. Using an innovative design with a daughter-mother data set we assess whether there has been a generational increase in lifetime ever rates of major depressive disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experienced prior to 30 years of age. Methods Pregnant women were recruited during 1981–1983 and administered the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) at the 27-year follow-up (2008–11). Offspring were administered the CIDI at the 30-year follow-up (2010–2014). Comparisons for onset of diagnosis are restricted to daughter and mother dyads up to 30 years of age. To address recall bias, disorders were stratified into more (≥12 months duration) and less persistent episodes (< 12 months duration) for the purposes of comparison. Sensitivity analyses with inflation were used to account for possible maternal failure to differentially recall past episodes. Results When comparing life time ever diagnoses before 30 years, daughters had higher rates of persistent generalised anxiety disorder, and less persistent major depressive disorder, generalised anxiety disorder and PTSD. Conclusions In the context of conflicting findings concerning generational changes in mental disorders we find an increase in generational rates of persistent generalised anxiety disorders and a range of less persistent disorders. It is not clear whether this finding reflects actual changes in symptom levels over a generation or whether there has been a generational change in recognition of and willingness to report symptoms of mental illness.

scholarly journals Mental Illness and Mental Health: Is the Glass Half Empty or Half Full?

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 651-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Many ◽  
Complicated Bereavement ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Somatic Therapies

During the past century, the scope of mental health intervention in North America has gradually expanded from an initial focus on hospitalized patients with psychoses to outpatients with neurotic disorders, including the so-called worried well. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), Fifth Edition, is further embracing the concept of a mental illness spectrum, such that increasing attention to the softer end of the continuum can be expected in the future. This anticipated shift rekindles important questions about how mental illness is defined, how to distinguish between mental disorders and normal reactions, whether psychiatry is guilty of prevalence inflation, and when somatic therapies should be used to treat problems of living. Such debates are aptly illustrated by the example of complicated bereavement, which is best characterized as a form of adjustment disorder. Achieving an overarching definition of mental illness is challenging, owing to the many different contexts in which DSM diagnoses are used. Careful analyses of such contextual utility must inform future decisions about what ends up in DSM, as well as how mental illness is defined by public health policy and society at large. A viable vision for the future of psychiatry should include a spectrum model of mental health (as opposed to exclusively mental illness) that incorporates graded, evidence-based interventions delivered by a range of providers at each point along its continuum.

Validación de la escala de sintomas somáticos (SSS-8) en pacientes de una zona rural en Ecuador

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercy García ◽  
Ernestina Tamami ◽  
Giovanni Rojas-Velasco ◽  
Carolina Posso ◽  
Galo Sánchez del Hierro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Somatic Symptom ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Scale 8

Introducción.- Los síntomas somáticos causan malestar y afectan la calidad de  vida de los pacientes, incrementando la frecuencia del uso de los servicios de salud. En Ecuador no existe un instrumento validado que evalúe somatización. La escala Somatic Symtom Scale-8 (SSS-8), es un instrumento usado como medida de referencia en the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-V), para evaluar la carga de síntomas somáticos, validada en inglés y adaptada culturalmente a los idiomas alemán y japonés. Objetivos.- En esta investigación el propósito fue validar la escala “Somatic Symptom Scale-8” y determinar sus propiedades métricas. Métodos.- Investigación descriptiva y transversal en la que se realizó la validación de la herramienta clínica SSS-8 en 401 pacientes en la consulta externa del hospital Pedro Vicente Maldonado, desde mayo a julio de 2017. Para el análisis de datos se utilizaron los programas estadísticos SPSS versión 23, Latent gold y EpiDat 3.1. Resultados.- El grupo mayoritario fue de 30 a 47 años, con ligero predominio del sexo masculino (con 52,6%) sobre el femenino (47,4%). El SSS-8 mostró adecuadas propiedades métricas (alfa de Cronbach de 0,73). Mediante este análisis se obtuvo que, los pacientes que respondieron: algo, bastante o muchísimo en las dimensiones sentirse cansado, dolor de cabeza, dolor de brazos y dolor de espalda; tenían un 99% de probabilidades de presentar somatización. Conclusiones.- En este estudio, el SSS-8 demostró ser una herramienta útil para evaluar los síntomas somáticos en pacientes que acuden a consulta externa, ya que presentó buenas propiedades métricas: consistencia interna elevada, buena validez y una apropiada capacidad discriminativa.

scholarly journals Nutritional psychiatry: the present state of the evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Marx ◽  
Genevieve Moseley ◽  
Michael Berk ◽  
Felice Jacka
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

Mental illness, including depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder, accounts for a significant proportion of global disability and poses a substantial social, economic and heath burden. Treatment is presently dominated by pharmacotherapy, such as antidepressants, and psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy; however, such treatments avert less than half of the disease burden, suggesting that additional strategies are needed to prevent and treat mental disorders. There are now consistent mechanistic, observational and interventional data to suggest diet quality may be a modifiable risk factor for mental illness. This review provides an overview of the nutritional psychiatry field. It includes a discussion of the neurobiological mechanisms likely modulated by diet, the use of dietary and nutraceutical interventions in mental disorders, and recommendations for further research. Potential biological pathways related to mental disorders include inflammation, oxidative stress, the gut microbiome, epigenetic modifications and neuroplasticity. Consistent epidemiological evidence, particularly for depression, suggests an association between measures of diet quality and mental health, across multiple populations and age groups; these do not appear to be explained by other demographic, lifestyle factors or reverse causality. Our recently published intervention trial provides preliminary clinical evidence that dietary interventions in clinically diagnosed populations are feasible and can provide significant clinical benefit. Furthermore, nutraceuticals including n-3 fatty acids, folate, S-adenosylmethionine, N-acetyl cysteine and probiotics, among others, are promising avenues for future research. Continued research is now required to investigate the efficacy of intervention studies in large cohorts and within clinically relevant populations, particularly in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar and anxiety disorders.

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