Anxiety, Beliefs and Covid-19 in Two Periods of the Pandemic in Brazil: A comparative study

This research compared evocations regarding the term “coronavirus” during two different periodsin the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil in 2020 — March (beginning of the pandemic in the country)and June (Brazil as the epicenter of the pandemic) —, considering the presence or absence ofanxiety symptoms in participants. The methodology adopted the free evocation technique and theGeneralized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2) symptom scale. The sample was composed of 5,961 womenand 1,153 men. Participant selection was relegated to convenience sampling by means of an onlinequestionnaire. Results showed that the coronavirus had diff erential impacts among the groups thatwere assessed and according to the time of data collection. In general, in March, people with anxietysymptoms had a more catastrophic view of the future, while people without those symptoms had aless unfavorable repertoire to adjust to the situation. In June, both groups reported a negative viewof the scenario, indicating a decrease or exhaustion in their capacity for psychological adjustment.This suggests the possibility of an increase of some conditions that result in adaptive impairment,exhaustion, and mental illness. Finally, it is important to understand people’s beliefs about the coronavirusat diff erent times of the pandemic because it is a favorable period for the emergence and/orintensification of mental disorders.

PROFESSIONAL SOCIALIZATION OF STUDENTS IN THE STUDY OF HUMANITIES AT A TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

This article substantiates the importance of professional socialization of students of a technical university. It is the student age, due to its age-related mental and personal characteristics, that all types of socialization occur intensively. Consequently, students are considered as the most favorable period for professional socialization. In addition, the article analyzes the scientific sources of literature in terms of the definition of the concept of "professional socialization". A huge role in the training of qualified personnel is played by higher education, which lays the basic foundation for the personal and professional development of the younger generation, in whose hands is the future of society and the country as a whole. It should be noted that thanks to the study of humanities at a technical university, it is possible to implement such methods of working with students that will ensure successful professional socialization of junior students at the training stage, form personal qualities and increase the level of professional training. Using the example of specific humanities disciplines, such as "Communication in professional activity", "Business communication" and "Psychology of professional activity", the article presents work with junior students, which forms the social formation of a student's personality and is part of the process of professional socialization.

Commodity goods forecast

The last twenty years have been a favorable period for the global economy. Asian economies grew rapidly, which boosted the demand for key commodities such as gold, copper and iron ore, and increased mining employment worldwide. This growth has been largely driven by the process of globalization and the rising welfare of population in the emerging markets such as China and India. The world is now entering a more dangerous phase of its development, as political and economic tensions between China and the United States are increasing and threaten to nullify the results of the economic progress. A rollback to protectionism and de-globalization may occur. Asia has been the engine of the mining industry, and commodity prices have helped to determine the prospects of the mining cycle. A number of commodities, including copper, have rebounded from their lows in recent months. This suggests that a new phase of economic recovery is starting to gain momentum, opening a new phase in the expansion of the global mining sector.

Reproduction of red-book introduced plants of arboretum (on the example of Eastern Transbaikalia)

The paper presents the results of seed and vegetative reproduction of woody and shrubby introduced plantsincluded in the List of Objects of the plant world listed in the Red Book of the Trans-Baikal Territory. The objects of thestudy are red-book woody and shrubby plants growing on the territory of the arboretum: Picea obovata var. coeruleaMalyschev; Euonymus maackii Rupr.; Corylus heterophylla Fisch. ex Trautv.; Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam. The aim of thestudy is to preserve the gene pool of red-book woody and shrubby plants-introduced by seed and vegetative reproduction;to study the timing of cuttings, the effect of various root formation stimulators on the rooting process. Special attentionis paid to the development of methods of vegetative reproduction with the use of various growth stimulators, taking intoaccount the weather conditions of the Trans-Baikal Territory on coniferous and deciduous species. The features and termsof harvesting cuttings are studied. As a result, a favorable period for the process of rooting of coniferous species wasnoted – the phenophase “bud swelling”. The greatest number of roots was formed in cuttings harvested with a “heel”, nottreated with root formation stimulators (“control”). The greatest rooting of green cuttings of shrub species was observed inexperiments with the use of “Kornevin”. Propagation of Armeniaca sibirica showed good results by seed method.

Long-Term Numerical Analysis of Subsurface Delamination Detection in Concrete Slabs via Infrared Thermography

One of the concerns about the use of passive Infrared Thermography (IRT) for structural health monitoring (SHM) is the determination of a favorable period to conduct the inspections. This paper investigates the use of numerical simulations to find appropriate periods for IRT-based detection of subsurface damages in concrete bridge slabs under passive heating along a 1 year of time span. A model was built using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and calibrated using the results of a set of thermographic field inspections on a concrete slab sample. The results showed that the numerical simulation properly reproduced the experimental thermographic measurements of the concrete structure under passive heating, allowing the analysis to be extended for a longer testing period. The long-term FEM results demonstrated that the months of spring and summer are the most suitable for passive IRT inspections in this study, with around 17% more detections compared to the autumn and winter periods in Brazil. By enhancing the possibility of using FEM beyond the design stage, we demonstrate that this computation tool can provide support to long-term SHM.

THE UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE. STRATEGIES FOR INTEGRATING YOUNG SCIENTISTS FROM THE REGIONS INTO SCIENTIFIC CAREERS AND SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE VUCA WORLD

The article examines the key characteristics of young scientists’ integration into scientific communities in the context of the new prospects offered by the VUCA world. We see the VUCA world as a time of opportunities and a favorable period for young scientists to take initiatives, and also a world of total uncertainty, where impetuosity and uncertainty, as well as the constant search for and change of various strategies, become a key to successful career building and advancement. The empirical base of the analysis consists of 30 biographical interviews with young scientists from a city of regional significance, a young science city, a large city and a city of federal significance. The article puts forward a hypothesis about the importance of horizontal integration of young scientists into scientific communities in young cities and innovative cities, as well as in a large city and in a city of federal significance. The paper also discusses the role of the city as an actor that forms scientific communities and strategies for interaction and integration of young scientists with scientific communities. Special attention is paid to the meanings of scientific careers and the individual role of scientific communities in the careers of young scientists and also to the strategies for integrating young scientists into scientific careers. The authors consider changes in the configurations of strategies for both building a scientific career and integration into scientific communities at the local, national and global levels as new opportunities that arise for scientists in the VUCA world. The main conclusion of the article is that the integration and career building strategies in science are influenced by both the city and the orientation of the city, the local scientific community, which may differ depending on particular scientific disciplines. A successful strategy that allows one to use the potential and resources of the VUCA world to the maximum extent possible is the horizontal integration of young scientists.

ИЗ ИСТОРИИ ЭТНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ В АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКЕ КАРЕЛИИ

Статья посвящена истории этнологических исследований в Институте языка, литературы и истории Карельского научного центра РАН и приурочена к его 90-летнему юбилею. Представлены основные направления этнологических исследований, важнейшие достижения и их практическое применение. Первые попытки создания этнографического направления в ИЯЛИ были предприняты в начале 1930-х годов. Но в те годы всякое изучение и пропаганда национальных культур расценивались, как проявление национализма. В конце 1950-х годов в ИЯЛИ была создана первая этнографическая группа исследователей, которая проработала до середины 1960-х годов. Новые этнографы и первые этносоциологи появились в 1970-х годах. 1980-е годы – наиболее благоприятный период для развития академических этнографических исследований. В ИЯЛИ создается самостоятельный сектор этнологии. Постперестроечный период характеризовался усилением общественного интереса к публикациям о национальных традициях народов Карелии, эмиграцией и уходом некоторых сотрудников сектора этнологии в государственные учреждения власти. К числу несомненных достижений первого десятилетия XXI века можно отнести издание индивидуальных фундаментальных трудов, участие в проектах Института этнологии. Основными факторами, влияющими на развитие этнологических исследований в академической науке Карелии, являлись социально-политическая и экономическая обстановка в стране, доминирующие ориентации в центральных этнологических учреждениях России, особенности Карельского края как многонационального и пограничного региона. The article is devoted to the history of ethnological research at the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Karelian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and is dedicated to its 90th anniversary. It identifies the main areas of ethnological research, the most important achievements and their practical application. The first attempts to create an ethnographic field in ILLH were undertaken in the early 1930s. However, in those years, any study and propaganda of national cultures were regarded as manifestation of nationalism. At the end of the 1950s, the first ethnographic research group was created at ILLH, which worked until the mid-1960s. New ethnographers and the first ethno-sociologists appeared in the 1970s. The 1980s were the most favorable period for the development of academic ethnographic research, when an independent sector of ethnology was established in ILLH. The post-perestroika period was characterized by an increase in public interest in publications about national traditions of the peoples of Karelia and by emigration and departure of some employees of the ethnological sector to governmental institutions. The undoubted achievements of the first decade of the XXI century include publication of individual fundamental works and participation in projects of the Institute of Ethnology. The main factors that influenced the development of ethnological research in the academic science of Karelia were the socio-political and economic situation in the country, the dominant orientations in the central ethnological institutions of Russia and the nature of the Karelian Territory as a multinational and border region.

The state of the rare endemic species population Nonea decurrens (C.A. Mey.) G. Don fil. (fam. Boraginaceae, Magnoliopsida) on the Narattyubinsky ridge and its dynamics

The paper presents a four-year study results of a rare Dagestan endemic Nonea decurrens (C.A. Mey.) G. Don fil. сoenopopulation state on the Narattyubinsky ridge (Foothill Dagestan). An irregular distribution on the study area was found with confinement mainly to shrub communities. The degree of morphometric characters variability of the vegetative and generative spheres of Nonea decurrens in the two coenopopulations studied varies both between sites and research years. The maximum values of biometric indicators were noted in different years for site 2. 2013 was the most favorable period for the vegetative sphere development, while higher values in general were found in 2012. The calculated vitality data of the studied coenopopulations revealed their depressive state according to the majority of morphometric characters for all years of research. Based on the results of one-way analysis of variance, the influence of weather conditions (temperature and precipitation) on the quality of coenopopulations in the years of the study was established. The obtained materials can serve for further monitoring of rare species. Recommendations for the protection of the species are given.

Delayed mortality of males in Thylamys bruchi, a semelparous marsupial from the Monte Desert, Argentina

Male-only obligate semelparity is a well-studied reproductive strategy in some Australian marsupials. This strategy has not been documented in South American species, although semelparity in both sexes occurs in some Neotropical didelphids. The fat-tailed mouse opossum, Thylamys bruchi, is an endemic species of the temperate Monte Desert, in Argentina. Seasonality and predictability of resources are two of the attributes associated with habitats where marsupial semelparity has evolved, and both are characteristic of the Monte Desert. We aimed to characterize the life-history strategy of T. bruchi to explore if it can be considered a semelparous species. We studied a fat-tailed mouse opossum population for 7 years with two different capture techniques (Sherman traps and nest boxes). Thylamys bruchi showed strong seasonality in abundance, with the highest captures during summer and autumn. Reproduction and weaning coincided with the most favorable period of the year with respect to climate and resource availability. Every year we observed a single cohort with little overlap until weaning of young. After breeding, all adults disappeared from the population; however, unlike any other didelphids, males showed delayed mortality and died, along with females, after weaning. We found no evidence of survival to a second breeding season for either sex. We therefore propose T. bruchi as a desert-dwelling marsupial with a semelparous reproductive strategy. Because the severity of winters may be acting as an important constraint on the energetic balance of adults in this population, we propose that challenging climatic conditions, coupled with the seasonality and high predictability of food resources, may have contributed to the evolution of the extreme reproductive strategy in this didelphid marsupial.

ENVIRONMENTAL KNOWLEDGE AS A COMPONENT OF PUPILS’ ECOLOGICAL COMPETENCE

The article substantiates the importance of understanding the interdependence between the development of society, the state of the environment, and the content of education to address environmental threats and challenges. It is proved that environmental knowledge has a general cultural value. It is because the level of their formation depends on ecological worldview development, and hence the prospects for human survival. It is determined that studying Geography allows developing the basics of the strategy of preserving the living environment of mankind. The formation of pupils’ environmental knowledge as a component of ecological competence is essential for changes the individual’s consciousness and behavior, the harmonization of relations in the system ‘society-nature’. Accordingly, the geographical aspects of environmental knowledge are characterized by those that consist primarily in their space (chorological paradigm) and relationships with human society (paradigm of durable-sustainable, balanced development). Ecological competence refers to the integral development of personality, which combines normative, cognitive, emotional-motivational, and practical components, and provides the ability to identify, understand, and evaluate modern processes aimed at ensuring ecological balance and rational use of nature. The most favorable period for the formation of such competence is definitely the middle school age. Analysis of scientific and methodological literature on the issue allowed identifying personal, cognitive, and activity components of ecological competence. Scientific approaches to develop its theoretical provisions are scientific, systemic, value, normative, and personal activity approaches. It is proved that environmental competence, as a component of ecological competence, is inherently integrative. Its core is formed while teaching school subjects related to the Natural Science educational field and as the basis of ecological culture permeates the content of other school subjects.