scholarly journals Regularities in the formation of entomofauna in alfalfa agrocenosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (31) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Ivelina Nikolova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Growth Cycles ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Harmful Species

The field work was performed at the experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria during the period of 2006-2009. The share distribution of the orders Coleoptera, Thysanoptera, Diptera, Orthoptera and Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha, Heteroptera, Fulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha was established for every four alfalfa growth cycles during the vegetation period for four years. It was found that the share participation of orders was determined primarily by the population dynamics of the dominant insect species and it was closely dependent on plant development following a characteristic course over the years. Depending on the food specialization and the division of the species into harmful and beneficial, the share of predators in regrowth corresponded to that of their prey. A clear trend was observed of increasing the share of harmful species and reducing the beneficial ones (Coleoptera, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera: Heteroptera) with the alfalfa development over the years.

Relevant issues of land reclamation development in Non-black Earth area

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Aleksey Ivanov ◽  
Yuri Yanko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Edible Roots ◽  
Social Economic Development

Current situation and agricultural management on the non-black earth area of Russia arebeing gradually worsen by the negative natural factors such as a significant increase of weather based climatic abnormal risks, deterioration of agro-meliorative conditions of agricultural lands because of colonization by tree and shrubbery vegetation and secondary bog formation, hidden degradation of soil fertility. When combined with functional loss of ameliorative complex and meliorative systems amortization, regional agriculture adaptation possibilities were rapidly limited. Production shortfall due no abnormal weather conditions for particular field crops was 19…48% during last five years, level of business realization of bioclimatic potential on a field was decreased by 7…12%.The complete realization of regional agricultural adaptive potential to weather based climatic changes and limitation of greenhouse gases emissions is possible on a basis of regeneration ofalll functions and aspects of ameliorative complex management. Toward this goal the coordinated actions of federal and regional management of Agricultural Complex, Scientific and Educational institutions, project foundations and managers are needed in a relation to human resources, scientific and regulatory supply. Any incomplete treatment in these fields inherent in visual negative consequences for food security and social economic development of rural areas of non-black earth zones not only at the current historical moment, but in a future also. Fundamental influence of solving of these problems deserves to scientific supply of innovative ameliorative complex, renewal of which should be based on principals of resources and energy preservation, nature management, computerization and digitalization management. During a long term research it was established that increase of average vegetation period temperature by lоСhas increased productivity of winter wheat, barley and summer wheat in average on 0,7 tons per ha, winter wheat and oat on 0,4 tons per ha, potatoes – 8,2 tons per ha, edible roots-6,4 tons per ha, cabbage 9,8 tons per ha, dry basis of herbage of multi and one age grasses–0,5 and 0,7 tons per ha. Increase of СО2 Concentration from 0,35 to 0,45% during last twenty years contributed into grow of yield in regional agriculture which can be estimated as 0,3 tons per ha per measure; searching remedy for agroclimatical risks decreasing production became drainage and irrigation systems (decrease 3…5 times);new method of reclamation of abandoned areas with transformation of biomass of tree and shrubbery vegetation into biochar makes it possible to decrease СО2 emissions up to times and get an adverse balance of СО2;secondary reclamation of lands covered by trees and shrubbery on area of 22ha used for vegetables and area of 37ha used for forage crops could supply a farmer with work and revenue sufficient for maintenance of one child what is on the major facts of population declaim in rural areas.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATION AND RAINFALL ON WHEAT PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Naidin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Rainfall Deficit ◽  
Higher Doses

In this paper, we analyze the influence of N and P fertilization on wheat yields, taking into account the previous crop and the level of rainfall accumulated until the end of the growth stages in plant development. In the wheat crops developed on the reddish-brown low luvi soil found at ARDS Simnic, the N fertilization has favorable effects in moderate doses (60 - 100 kg N/ha after corn and 60 - 90 kg N/ha after peas), while in higher doses (120 - 160 kg N/ha) fertilization determines a fall in production, both in the case of rainfall deficit and excess. The P has favorable effects on wheat crops, especially when the previous crop is peas. The rainfall quantity, as well as its repartition along the vegetation period, influences the wheat crop, causing great variations from year to year. The obtained data shows that rainfall deficit as well as rainfall excess determines a drop in wheat production; relatively high and stable average productions can be obtained in the case of rainfall levels close to the multi annual averages in different plant development stages.

scholarly journals Linear Lengthening in Iwaidja: An Event-Quantifying Intonation at the Phonology to Semantics/Pragmatics Interface

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Caudal ◽  
Robert Mailhammer
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Selectional Restrictions ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Event Description ◽  
Specific Device ◽  
Australian Languages

This paper investigates the meaning of a specific intonation contour found in the Northern Australian language Iwaidja called Linear Lengthening Intonation (LLI). Using an experimental field work approach, we analysed approximately 4,000 utterances. We demonstrate that the semantics of LLI is broadly event-quantificational as well as temporally scalar. LLI imposes aspectual selectional restrictions on the verbs it combines with (they must be durative, i.e. cannot describe ‘punctual’, atomic events), and requires the event description effected by said verbs to exceed a contextually-determined relative scalar meaning (e.g., a ‘typical duration’ à la (Tatevosov 2008)). Iwaidja differs from other Northern Australian languages with similar intonation patterns (see e.g. (Bishop 2002: 2002; Simard 2013)), in that it does not seem to have any argument NP-related incremental or event scalar meaning. This suggests that LLI is a decidedly grammatical, language-specific device; not a purely iconic kind of expression (even though it also possibly has an iconic dimension).

An Experimental Field Study to Examine Whether Capillaria Hepatica (Nematoda) Can Limit House Mouse Populations in Eastern Australia.

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Singleton ◽  
GR Singleton ◽  
LK Chambers ◽  
LK Chambers ◽  
DM Spratt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Mouse Population ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Capillaria Hepatica ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Eastern Australia

A replicated experimental field investigation to examine the effect of the nematode parasite Capillaria hepatica on populations of Mus domesticus is described. A 2-year study was conducted at 7 sites with matching farming practices, soil types, topography and habitat heterogeneity on the Darling Downs in south-eastern Queensland, Australia, where mice cause substantial economic, social and environmental problems. A 4 km2 sampling zone was designated on each site and sites were assigned randomly to one of 3 untreated and 4 treated groups. The parasite was released successfully on 3 occasions at 3 markedly different stages of mouse population dynamics. The first release was in winter 1992 into a low-density, non-breeding population. Mice on treated sites had significantly lower survival for 6 months after the release than mice on untreated sites. The parasite had a relatively high impact on survival of young mice (<72 mm long) 2 months after its release. The greatest impact on old mice (>76 mm) occurred a month later. The most pronounced effects of C. hepatica on mouse abundance occurred during the 4 months after its release (June-September). Mice on the untreated sites, however, had poor survival in September, so by October their population abundance was at a level similar to that of the treated populations. Once breeding began in mid-October C. hepatica had no noticeable effect on mouse population dynamics. This was because the parasite (i) had no effect on breeding of mice, (ii) had minimal transmission and (iii) had a diminishing effect on survival after October. The apparent lack of transmission of C. hepatica was probably due to a combination of low population density, the transient nature of the mouse population and predominantly dry weather for 6 months after the release. A second release was made in February 1993 into a breeding, medium-density host population that was rapidly increasing in abundance. Less than 2% of the population was affected during the release so interest focused on transmission rather than the effect of the parasite on the host's demographic machinery. Transmission did occur at a low rate and the parasite persisted for 4.5 months (to June) when it was decided to boost the proportion of mice infected in order to follow its effect on the overwintering population and the demographic effects during the next breeding season. This late release was compromised by synchronous, widespread and rapid decline in mouse densities. Densities fell from greater than 500 ha to less than 1 ha in less than 6 weeks. Two messages emerge from these studies. First, C. hepatica will not limit mouse populations if it is released into a low-density population during a long dry period on the Darling Downs. Second, more information is needed about the factors that influence the survival and transmission of the parasite under field conditions.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF PROMISING BREEDING SAMPLES OF MEADOW CLOVER IN COMPETITIVE VARIETY TESTING ACCORDING TO THE MAIN ECONOMICALLY USEFUL CHARACTERISTICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
V.A. Korelina ◽  
◽  
O.B. Batakova ◽  
I.V. Zobnina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
The State ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
State Register ◽  
Bare Fallow ◽  
Variety Testing

Each region is characterized by a certain set of natural conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to have varieties of forage crops that can realize soil and climatic potential of the zone and are resistant to various possible stress factors. The purpose of the research is: study the variety samples of meadow clover according to the complex of economically useful characteristics in the competitive variety testing; identify the most promising ones in the conditions of the European North of the Russian Federation. The research was carried out in 2017, 2018 and 2019 at the experimental field of FSUE “Kotlasskoe”, which is located in the south-east of the Arkhangelsk region. Such breeding methods as selection, hybridization, creation of complex hybrid synthetic populations were used to create the studied variety samples. The studies were carried out according to the guidelines of the Federal Research Center “VNIIK named after V. R. Williams” and methodology of the State variety testing of agricultural crops (under the general editorship of Fedin M. A.). Soil of the experimental plots is weakly podzolic clay, medium cultivated on Permian clays. Mid-early diploid variety ‘Niva’ was used as a standard. The experiment was laid on a bare fallow; four-fold replication. Sowing was carried out with a SKS-6-10 seeder. Variety samples were evaluated according to a set of biological and agricultural characteristics: winter hardiness, vegetation period per mowing mass, plant height, leafiness, dry matter collection, protein content, protein collection, seed productivity. Agrometeorological conditions during the years of research were different, which allowed us to obtain more reliable results in assessing studied breeding material. All presented promising breeding samples exceeded the standard one in terms of the studied basic economic and biological characteristics. According to each studied indicator, we selected the best varieties. On average, over the years of research, a comprehensive assessment allowed us to identify the most valuable varieties that can form stable feed and increased seed productivity in northern conditions. They are K-2003, SD-289, K-1809, K-1556, ‘Taezhnik’. Winter hardiness of these samples varied from 84 to 94 %, dry matter collection – from 9.0 to 9.9 t/ha, seed yield – from 256 to 309 kg/ha, protein collection – from 1.26 to 1.35 t/ha. Variety ‘Taezhnik’ was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2020 for the 2nd region.

scholarly journals Innovative elements in the organization of a green conveyor

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Elena P. Shkodina
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Forage Base ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Research Institute

Relevance and methods. The article considers possible options for restoring the forage base of the non-Chernozem zone. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Novgorod Research Institute of Agriculture in 2017–2019. The studies were carried out with perennial and annual traditional and introduced forage crops of domestic selection.Results. It has been experimentally established that the cultivation of traditional forage crops of new varieties of domestic selection contributes to an increase in the productivity of the forage hectare. The qualitative characteristics and yield level of the green mass of annual introducents were determined, terms of formation of the mowing mass of crops in the climatic conditions of the Novgorod region. New forage plants complement the green conveyor with innovative elements, increasing the choice of forage harvesting methods.

In vivo digestibility of a range of silages in cattle compared with sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Bailes ◽  
J. W. Piltz ◽  
D. M. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Better Than

Context Ensuring accuracy of feed testing is becoming increasingly important as livestock industries seek to maximise efficiency of producing animal products to meet world requirements. Aim Twenty-four silages were fed to sheep and cattle to test the validity of using sheep-derived digestibility estimates for cattle. Method The silages tested included temperate and subtropical forages, and differed in level of maturity and weed contamination at harvest: several of the forage crops were grown with irrigation. In vivo comparisons were made for digestibility of dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD), and organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) across two experiments. Intake was restricted to 16.5 g/kg liveweight and those silages with low nitrogen (N) contents were supplemented with urea to meet minimum dietary crude protein requirements. Key results DMD, OMD and DOMD ranged from 0.538 to 0.773, 0.550 to 0.810, 0.505 to 0.762 and 0.551 to 0.749, 0.584 to 0.786, 0.539 to 0.702 for cattle and sheep respectively. DMD, OMD and DOMD determined in sheep explained 88.7, 86.3 and 78.4% of the variation of DMD, OMD and DOMD in cattle respectively. In Experiment 1, DOMD was higher in cattle than sheep but for two silages (Silage 1, Subterranean clover: 0.631 vs 0.589; Silage 5, Annual ryegrass/oats, early cut: 0.761 vs 0.702) whereas in Experiment 2 DOMD was lower for cattle than sheep for one silage (silage 21, maize: 0.645 vs 0.691, s.e.d. = 0.019). Conclusions and Implications Since there was no clear trend for sheep to digest higher quality feeds better than cattle or for cattle to digest lower quality feeds better than sheep, we conclude that, at least for silages made from forage, sheep-derived values for digestibility should, in most instances, be applicable to cattle.

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