scholarly journals Coronavirus infection in patients with HIV infection, features of the course

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
E. V. Stepanova ◽  
O. N. Leonova ◽  
A. S. Shelomov ◽  
T. N. Vinogradova
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Chronic Liver Damage ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
And Control

Purpose. Analyze and identify the features of the course of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in HIV-infected patients.Materials and methods. An analysis of the course of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) was carried out in 16 patients with HIV infection who were hospitalized at the St. Petersburg State Budgetary Healthcare Institution Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases from April to October 2020. All patients underwent a study of biological material from the oropharynx and nasopharynx for COVID-19 and diagnosed based on a positive PCR result.Results. In HIV-infected patients with diagnosed coronavirus infection caused by COVID-19, signs of progression of HIV infection, clinical, immunological, virological (75%), opportunistic diseases and comorbidities (chronic viral hepatitis in the cirrhotic decompensated stage, cardiovascular diseases and others) (94%). A small sample of patients did not allow to determine with reliable accuracy the mutual influence of existing diseases and pathologies, but, of course, multiple comorbid pathologies play a role in the development of severe conditions and unfavorable outcomes. A clinical case is presented.Conclusion. The provoking factors have been identified that play a role in the development of infection and more severe forms of coronavirus infection caused by COVID-19 in HIV-infected patients (injecting drug use, alcohol abuse, late stage of HIV infection (4B, 4C) and progression of earlier stages (4A ), a low number of CD4 lymphocytes (less than 200 cells / μl), multiple comorbid pathology (HIV infection, opportunistic diseases, comorbidities, especially chronic liver damage in the stage of decompensated cirrhosis), absence, interrupted antiretroviral therapy, multiple changes of regimens, absence prevention of opportunistic diseases). A patient with HIV infection at ART. 4B with multiple comorbidity, the possibility of long-term persistence of the COVID-19 virus coronavirus with positive and negative results for more than 2 months and later development of lung damage caused by COVID-19 was established.

scholarly journals Novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in tuberculosis patients in St. Petersburg

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
E. A. Malashenkov ◽  
S. V. Gudova ◽  
D. A. Gusev ◽  
I. P. Fedunyak ◽  
E. L. Denisova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Clinical Infectious Disease ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Positive Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The aim of this work was to attempt to analyze the demographic structure, clinical and radiological forms of tuberculosis and COVID-19, as well as the course and outcome of the disease in patients with this coinfection in the light of a new and still poorly understood problem of the mutual influence of tuberculosis and COVID-19.Material and methods. Examination and treatment were carried out in the infectious-tuberculosis departments of the Botkin Clinical Infectious Disease Hospital. We examined 63 patients identified in the first seven months of the epidemic in the multimillion city of St. Petersburg (Russia). Tuberculosis, confirmed by conventional bacteriological and molecular genetic methods, had an active phase in all of them. The new coronavirus infection was verified by a positive polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2.Results. Tuberculosis in 43 patients was detected simultaneously with COVID-19, in 20 people it preceded coronavirus infection. Disseminated forms of tuberculosis prevailed - 50.8%; in 36.5%, two or more organs and systems were affected, which is associated with a high proportion (54.0%) of HIV-positive patients with an advanced stage of the disease. Lung damage with COVID-19 was noted in 36.5%. Fatal outcomes ended in 20.6% of cases of coinfection, the structure of the causes of death is given.Conclusion. An assumption was made about the possibility of an aggravating effect of tuberculosis on COVID-19 in the case of severe or widespread forms of these diseases. The negative influence of HIV infection on the outcome of the disease has also been shown. Further follow-up is required to identify more reliable associations between tuberculosis and COVID-19. 

scholarly journals PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECI PNEUMONIA MIMICATING COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Averyanov ◽  
Anna G. Sotnikova ◽  
V N Lesnyak
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽  
Janus Kinases ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Disease Hospital ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

Background. The new coronavirus infection COVID-19 caused by a SARS-CoV-2 zoonotic beta-coronavirus has radically transformed the conventional concept of the immune systems participation in an infectious process. The successful application of anti-interleukin monoclonal antibodies and inhibitors of Janus kinases in COVID-19, traditionally contraindicated in infections, testifies that the immune response to the pathogen may be more dangerous than the infection itself. However, when prescribing the immunosuppressive therapy to COVID-19 patients, one should not forget that some interstitial pneumonias caused by opportunistic microflora, such as Pneumocystis Jirovecii, have similar clinical and radiological manifestations. Clinical Case Description. A 29-year old female patient was admitted to the infectious disease hospital with complaints of a febrile temperature, shortness of breath at rest, low-productive cough, pronounced weakness. She had been ill for 14 days, the SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected at the pre-hospital stage. After the admission, a chest CT scan was performed showing a subtotal lung damage with the characteristic radiological manifestations of interstitial pneumonia in the form of ground glass opacity regions, presence of air traps, that was initially attributed to bilateral viral pneumonia (СТ-3/4). The subsequent examination confirming primary HIV infection and a sputum analysis positive for P. Jirovecii allowed us to establish a correct clinical diagnosis of pneumocystis pneumonia against the background of HIV infection and a mild COVID-19 course, administer a co-trimoxazole therapy and obtain a favorable outcome. Conclusion. This observation demonstrates the necessity of applying an individual approach to each patient admitted to a COVID hospital and performing a differential diagnosis, even when COVID-19 is confirmed by the laboratory work, in order not to miss other interstitial pneumonias, in particular, pneumocystis pneumonia appearing against the background on immunodeficiency.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study to Evaluate the Effects of Age and Duration of HIV Infection on Anxiety and Depression in Cisgender Men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Gianella ◽  
Rowan Saloner ◽  
Genevieve Curtin ◽  
Susan J. Little ◽  
Anne Heaton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results

AbstractThis observational cross-sectional study of 152 people with HIV (PWH) examined the effects of age and estimated duration of HIV infection (EDI) on depressive and anxiety symptoms. All participants were cisgender men and completed the Profile of Moods State (POMS), a self-report inventory of current (i.e., past week) mood states. Overall, study results confirmed higher levels of anxiety and depression in PWH compared to individuals without HIV. Age group (< 50 or ≥ 50 years) moderated the effect of EDI (< 3 or ≥ 3 years) on mood disturbance. Specifically, younger PWH with early diagnosed infection exhibited the highest levels of depression and anxiety, whereas depression and anxiety were attenuated in older PWH with early infection such that their POMS scores did not significantly differ from the HIV-negative and chronically HIV-infected groups. Despite the small sample size and other important limitations in our study design, our preliminary findings confirm previous observations that older people may have some adaptive ability to better handle the acute psychological stressors associated with recent HIV infection.

Portal vein thrombosis as a complication of coronavirus infection against the background of chronic viral hepatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (88) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
A.V. Kuznetsova ◽  
◽  
A.V. Ivolgina ◽  
Ye.V. Dubotolkina ◽  
T.Ye. Makarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The article presents an extract from an outpatient case history card of a 47-year-old patient observed at the Central Hospital for Chronic Hepatitis C. In 2017, he received a course of therapy for this disease (Pegasis in combination with ribavirin). A sustained virological response (SVR) has been achieved. According to elastometry data dated 12/13/2017 – the degree of fibrosis F4 Metavir, 13.1 KPa. In January 2021, he suffered a coronavirus infection (according to the CT scan of the lungs, the lesion was 20 %). The disease proceeded against the background of chronic viral hepatitis C complicated by liver cirrhosis. He was treated symptomatically on an outpatient basis. He did not receive anticoagulant therapy. In February 2021, abdominal ultrasound (ABP) revealed a thrombus in the portal vein. The presence of a thrombus in the portal vein contributes to the further progression of liver cirrhosis

‘Nucleated red blood cells’ as hypoxia marker in clinical analysis of blood in patients with coronavirus infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-24
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Dorn ◽  
F. M. Orifova ◽  
E. G. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Hypoxic Stress ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Nucleated Red Blood Cells ◽  
Hypoxia Marker ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

Assessment of the condition of a patient with coronavirus infection is an urgent problem in clinical practice. The parameter ’nucleated erythrocytes’ in a clinical blood test can be used in clinical practice as a marker of hypoxia in case of lung damage, since it objectively reflects the consequences of acute hypoxic stress in the patient’s body.

REVIEW ARTICLE ABOUT PERINATALAND NEONATAL MANAGEMENT FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF THE 2019 NOVEL CORONAVIRUS INFECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Isra Khalil Mohammed Ali Saeed ◽  
Maha Hussein Mohammed Hamza ◽  
Hiba Hussein Ibrahim ◽  
Esmehan Elkheir Babeker ◽  
Ibrahim Ismail M.Abu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Units ◽  
Community Physician ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Who Guideline ◽  
Immature Immune System

An epidemic of new coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged in China since December 2019. WHO declared it as a pandemic on March 2020 as it has spread worldwide. Several cases among neonate were observed with rst reported 36 hours after birth. Due to the possibility of the infection and the immature immune system of the neonate there should be preventive and control measures at Neonatal Intensive Care Units. According to WHO guideline and other published articles in COVID-19 in infants and neonate a technical working group including community physician and Pediatricians has put measures for clinical management, prevention and control of COVID-19 in neonates.

Supporting Co-Design of Physical and Control Architectures of Mechatronic Systems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre´s A. Alvarez Cabrera ◽  
Hitoshi Komoto ◽  
Tetsuo Tomiyama
Keyword(s):  
Control Structure ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Mechatronic Systems ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Design Integration ◽  
And Control ◽  
Recent Tendency

There is a rather recent tendency to define the physical structure and the control structure of a system concurrently when designing the architecture of a product, i.e., to perform codesign. We argue that co-design can only be enabled when the mutual influence between physical system and control is made evident to the designer at an early stage. Though the idea of design integration is not new, to the best of our knowledge, there is no computer tooling that explicitly supports this activity by enabling co-design as stated before. In this paper the authors propose a method for co-design of physical and control architectures as a better approach to design mechatronic systems, allowing to exploit the synergy between software and hardware and detecting certain design problems at an early stage of design. The proposed approach is supported by a set of tools and demonstrated through an example case.

scholarly journals Anolunula in Fingernails among Patients Infected with HIV

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Pratik Gahalaut ◽  
Nitin Mishra ◽  
Sandhya Chauhan ◽  
Mir Mubashir Ali ◽  
Madhur Kant Rastogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv Negative

Lunula is the white, half-moon shaped area seen in proximal ends of some nails. Though a few studies have described the nail changes that can occur in association with HIV infection, none of these paid much attention to lunula. Aims and Objectives. To study the lunula in fingernails among HIV infected patients. Materials and Methods. An observational, cross-sectional study to record presence of lunula in 168 HIV-positive patients and compare it with age and sex matched 168 healthy HIV-negative control. Anolunula (absence of lunula) in HIV-positive patients was correlated with CD4 counts, stages of HIV infection, time since patient was diagnosed as HIV-positive, and status of antiretroviral therapy. Results. Anolunula was present in significantly more fingernails in HIV-positive patients compared to HIV-negative controls. There was a highly significant difference for total anolunula (anolunula in all fingernails) in study and control group. Incidence of total anolunula was directly proportional to the stage of HIV infection, increasing progressively as the HIV infection advances from stage 1 to stage 4. Conclusion. Absence of lunula is related to not only HIV infection per se but also the stages of HIV infection.

scholarly journals THE CASE OF DEATH FROM LIVER CIRRHOSIS IN THE FEMALE PATIENT WITH HIV INFECTION AND INFILTRATIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Babaeva ◽  
M. G. Avdeeva ◽  
N. P. Shevchenko ◽  
V. V Kulagin ◽  
G. V Chumachenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis C

The paper presents comparative results of estimation of mortality from HIV infection, tuberculosis (TB), fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver of nonalcoholic nature according to age group for the residents of the Krasnodar region for the period 2006 to 2011. The average age range of the probable development of death from HIV infection was 35-39, from tuberculosis - 45-49 and from liver cirrhosis 55-59 years. Given clinical case is demonstrating the importance of the underestimation of hepatitis "C" complicating diagnosis of cirrhosis in patients with HIV infection, suffering from secondary diseases: pulmonary tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, herpes infection, candidiasis. After a comprehensive review of the examples the authors provide recommendations for monitoring and management of patients with ТВ and HIV infection and chronic viral hepatitis "C".

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