TENDENCJE KONSUMPCJI WYROBÓW ALKOHOLOWYCH W EUROPIE W LATACH 2016-2019

The paper presents the results of research on the determination of the trend of consumption of pure alcohol per one person in the years 2017 - 2019 and an analysis of the appropriateness of applying the division of Europe into regions according to the UN M49 classification. The study was conducted for European countries, divided into Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Western Europe and Eastern Europe. Holt's exponential double smoothing method was used in the forecasting process. As a result of the conducted research, general downward trends of the phenomenon in the discussed period were demonstrated, as well as the possibility of using territorial division according to the average volume of total alcohol consumption in individual European countries.

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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence Studies

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.691033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Marília Silva Paulo ◽

Noor Motea Abdo ◽

Rita Bettencourt-Silva ◽

Rami H. Al-Rifai

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Western Europe ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

European Countries ◽

Northern Europe ◽

Southern Europe ◽

Prevalence Studies ◽

Glucose Levels

BackgroundGestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as the type of hyperglycemia diagnosed for the first-time during pregnancy, presenting with intermediate glucose levels between normal levels for pregnancy and glucose levels diagnostic of diabetes in the non-pregnant state. We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze studies of prevalence of GDM in European countries at regional and sub-regional levels, according to age, trimester, body weight, and GDM diagnostic criteria.MethodsSystematic search was conducted in five databases to retrieve studies from 2014 to 2019 reporting the prevalence of GDM in Europe. Two authors have independently screened titles and abstracts and full text according to eligibility using Covidence software. A random-effects model was used to quantify weighted GDM prevalence estimates. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria was used to assess the risk of bias.ResultsFrom the searched databases, 133 research reports were deemed eligible and included in the meta-analysis. The research reports yielded 254 GDM-prevalence studies that tested 15,572,847 pregnant women between 2014 and 2019. The 133 research reports were from 24 countries in Northern Europe (44.4%), Southern Europe (27.1%), Western Europe (24.1%), and Eastern Europe (4.5%). The overall weighted GDM prevalence in the 24 European countries was estimated at 10.9% (95% CI: 10.0–11.8, I2: 100%). The weighted GDM prevalence was highest in the Eastern Europe (31.5%, 95% CI: 19.8–44.6, I2: 98.9%), followed by in Southern Europe (12.3%, 95% CI: 10.9–13.9, I2: 99.6%), Western Europe (10.7%, 95% CI: 9.5–12.0, I2: 99.9%), and Northern Europe (8.9%, 95% CI: 7.9–10.0, I2: 100). GDM prevalence was 2.14-fold increased in pregnant women with maternal age ≥30 years (versus 15-29 years old), 1.47-fold if the diagnosis was made in the third trimester (versus second trimester), and 6.79- fold in obese and 2.29-fold in overweight women (versus normal weight).ConclusionsIn Europe, GDM is significant in pregnant women, around 11%, with the highest prevalence in pregnant women of Eastern European countries (31.5%). Findings have implications to guide vigilant public health awareness campaigns about the risk factors associated with developing GDM.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/], identifier CRD42020161857.

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Influence of parental socio-economic status on diet quality of European adolescents: results from the HELENA study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114513003796 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 111 (7) ◽

pp. 1303-1312 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

L. Béghin ◽

L. Dauchet ◽

Tineke De Vriendt ◽

M. Cuenca-García ◽

Y. Manios ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Economic Status ◽

Geographical Area ◽

European Countries ◽

Northern Europe ◽

Southern Europe ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Helena Study

Diet quality is influenced by socio-economic and geographical factors. The present study sought to assess whether adolescents' diet quality is affected by their parents' socio-economic status and whether the relationship between these factors is similar in northern and southern Europe. Data collected in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study in eight European countries were analysed. Dietary intake data were recorded via repeated 24 h recalls (using specifically developed HELENA Dietary Intake Assessment Tool software) and converted into an adolescent-specific Diet Quality Index (DQI-AM). Socio-economic status was estimated through parental educational level (Par-Educ-Lev) and parental occupation level (Par-Occ-Lev) as reported by the adolescents in a specific questionnaire. The DQI-AM data were then analysed as a function of Par-Educ-Lev and Par-Occ-Lev in northern European countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden) and southern European countries (Greece, Italy and Spain). We studied a total of 1768 adolescents (age 14·7 (sd 1·3) years; percentage of girls: 52·8 %; 1135 and 633 subjects from northern and southern Europe, respectively). On average, the DQI-AM score was higher in southern Europe than in northern Europe (69·1 (sd 0·1) v. 60·4 (sd 2·8), respectively; P< 0·001; Δ = 12·6 %). The DQI was positively correlated with both paternal and maternal Par-Educ-Lev. However, this association was more pronounced in northern Europe than in southern Europe (P interaction = 0·004 for the mother and 0·06 for the father). The DQI was also positively correlated with Par-Occ-Lev (all P trends < 0·01), but this correlation was independent of the geographical area (P interaction = 0·51 for the mother and 0·50 for the father). In conclusion, Par-Educ-Lev and Par-Occ-Lev are associated with diet quality in adolescents in Europe. However, this association differs between northern Europe and southern Europe.

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Seasonality and timing of peak abundance of Aedes albopictus in Europe: Implications to public and animal health

Geospatial health ◽

10.4081/gh.2021.996 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mina Petrić ◽

Els Ducheyne ◽

Céline M. Gossner ◽

Cedric Marsboom ◽

Gaëlle Nicolas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Western Europe ◽

Animal Health ◽

Field Studies ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Pathogen Transmission ◽

Distribution Area ◽

Northern Europe ◽

Southern Europe ◽

Peak Abundance

Aedes albopictus is a known vector of dengue and chikungunya. Understanding the population dynamics characteristics of vector species is of pivotal importance to optimise surveillance and control activities, to estimate risk for pathogen-transmission, and thus to enhance support of public health decisions. In this paper we used a seasonal activity model to simulate the start (spring hatching) and end (autumn diapause) of the vector season. In parallel, the peak abundance of the species was assessed using both VectorNet field survey data complemented with field studies obtained from literature across the Mediterranean Basin. Our results suggest that spring hatching of eggs in the current distribution area can start at the beginning of March in southern Europe and in April in western Europe. In northern Europe, where the species is not (yet) present, spring hatching would occur from late April to late May. Aedes albopictus can remain active up to 41 weeks in southern Europe whilst the climatic conditions in northern Europe are limiting its potential activity to a maximum of 23 weeks. The peak of egg density is found during summer months from end of July until end of September. During these two months the climatic conditions for species development are optimal, which implies a higher risk for arbovirus transmission by Ae. albopictus and occurrence of epidemics.

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Near-past evolution of the magnitude and intensity of European heat waves

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11988 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhuyun Ye ◽

Jesper Christensen ◽

Camilla Geels ◽

Ulas Im

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

Western Europe ◽

Heat Waves ◽

Model Performance ◽

Horizontal Resolution ◽

Northern Europe ◽

Southern Europe ◽

Climate Zones ◽

Increasing Trends ◽

North Western

<p>This work presents results from downscaling experiments using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) in frame of the H2020-EXHAUSTION project for the period of 1980-2010 at 20km horizontal resolution over the European domain. Two simulations were carried out driven by ERA5 input by grid nudging (WRF_ERA5) and CESM2 output using 6 waves spectral nudging (WRF_CESM2), respectively. These near-past simulations have been rigorously evaluated with observations and reanalysis data including European Climate Assessment & Dataset (ECA&D), EOBS, and ERA5-land for the daily mean (TG), maximum (TX), and minimum (TN) surface temperatures over the whole Europe as well as five climate zones. The WRF simulations compared reasonably well with the observations. WRF_ERA5 showed a smaller root mean square error (RMSE) and higher correlations (r), while WRF_CESM2 performed better in terms of mean and normalized mean bias (MB and NMB). WRF_CESM2 is overall reliable to be used for future simulations.&#160; In terms of the 30-year trend of TG, TX, and TN, WRF_CESM2 (0.6-0.66 &#176;C/10yrs) showed faster increasing trends than WRF_ERA5 (0.29-0.35 &#176;C/10yrs) and observations (0.27-0.41 &#176;C/10yrs). Evaluations in different climate zones show smaller bias in north-western Europe and southern Europe. In terms of temporal evolution, eastern Europe showed the highest correlations. The worst model performance has been calculated for northern Europe.&#160;</p><p>In addition, the Warm Spell Duration Index (WSDI) and the Heat Wave Magnitude Index daily (HWMId) have been calculated to represent the duration and magnitude of heat waves, respectively, for both simulations and observations. Strong and significant increasing trends are shown in eastern Europe and northern Europe for both WSDI and HWMId in all cases, with the fastest trends shown in EOBS (4 days/10yrs for WSDI, and 2/10yrs for HWMId), slowest trends in ECA&D (2 days/10yrs for WSDI, and 1/10yrs for HWMId), and trends in two WRF simulations are in between. No significant trends were found in southern Europe and north-western Europe in ECA&D, EOBS, and WRF_ERA5 simulation, while significant increasing trends were simulated in WRF_CESM2 in these two zones. The preliminary results suggested an increasing trend in the evolution of the future heat waves over Europe with implications on both direct impacts on human health, as well as indirect impacts through changes in exposure to pollutants such as ozone and particulate matter. Various future simulations are ongoing to address the impacts of climate change on the severity of heat waves under different levels of mitigation.</p>

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Employment Returns to Tertiary Education for Immigrants in Western Europe: Cross-Country Differences Before and After the Economic Crisis

Social Inclusion ◽

10.17645/si.v6i3.1446 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 64-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raffaele Guetto

Keyword(s):

Western Europe ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

European Countries ◽

Southern Europe ◽

Employment Gaps ◽

Before And After ◽

Country Differences ◽

Cross Country ◽

And Gender ◽

Immigrant Men

This article contributes to the literature on the models of immigrants’ labour market incorporation in Western Europe by analysing the employment returns to tertiary education for both natives and immigrants. By using yearly EU-LFS data (2005–2013) for a selection of Western European countries, cross-country differences in the employment returns to tertiary education are analysed separately by immigrant status and gender. In Continental Europe, where immigrant-native employment gaps before the crisis were much larger than in Southern Europe, immigrants are found to benefit more from tertiary education, and their returns are also higher than for natives, while the opposite holds in Southern European countries. The same pattern is found irrespective of gender, but cross-country differences are more pronounced among women. The article also documents that the crisis contributed to a cross-country convergence, although limited to men, in the degree of immigrant employment disadvantage, which increased substantially in Southern Europe while remaining unchanged or slightly declining in all other countries. Nevertheless, although immigrant-native employment gaps grew as high as in Continental Europe, immigrant men in Southern Europe are still found to benefit from lower returns to tertiary education than their native counterparts.

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Welfare Attitudes over time of V4-, Northern- and Western European countries in ESS Round 4 and Round 8 data

Intersections ◽

10.17356/ieejsp.v5i1.483 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivana Piterová ◽

Jozef Výrost

Keyword(s):

Western Europe ◽

European Countries ◽

Social Solidarity ◽

Northern Europe ◽

Social Differentiation ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Northern European ◽

Welfare Attitudes ◽

The Uk ◽

Visegrad Group

Welfare attitudes are a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. Social solidarity in the sense of interdependence is understood as the first dimension of welfare attitudes, while differentiation – in terms of how people usually make a distinction between groups that results in their attitude about whom to support – is understood as the second dimension. According to their preferred level of social solidarity and social differentiation, four clusters of people can be identified which represent four distinct types of welfare attitudes: social democratic, liberal, conservative, and radical. The aim of this paper is to analyse ESS fourth- (2008) and eighth-round data (2016) to compare three groups of countries: the Visegrad Group, represented by Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary; Northern Europe, represented by Norway, Sweden and Finland; and Western Europe, represented by Germany, France, and the UK, in terms of the level of social solidarity and social differentiation. Based on ESS data we outline that the differences in the welfare attitudes of V4, Western-, and Northern European countries are not so obvious. However, the analysis of the four types of welfare attitudes reveals some significant differences in interpersonal and institutional trust and basic human values, the description of which falls within the scope of this paper

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Neotypification of the Linnaean name Iris aphylla (Iridaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.273.2.7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 273 (2) ◽

pp. 141 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

EUGENY V. BOLTENKOV

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Western Europe ◽

Genetic Data ◽

Single Species ◽

Point Of View ◽

European Russia ◽

European Countries ◽

Forest Edges ◽

Variable Species ◽

Open Forests

Iris aphylla Linnaeus (1753: 38) (Iridaceae) is a highly variable species from the morphological point of view, especially in the height of stem, stem branching, size of leaves, and color of flowers. Moreover, it can be found in different habitats. In the Middle-Russian Upland, this plant is mostly associated with meadow steppes on slopes and, rarely, with edges of shrub thickets; also occurs along forest edges and in open forests, where blooming plants are rare (Kazakova et al. 2015). It is native to Central, Eastern, and some parts of Western Europe. The species is widespread in the Ukraine and mainly in the south of middle European Russia, while in the European countries its populations are sparser. Iris aphylla is of autotetraploid origin (Mitra 1956); plants with the chromosome number 2n = 48 are found more frequently in Europe (Wróblewska et al. 2010). Its numerous synonyms, including four subspecies, indicate the variability of this species. The genetic data confirm the conclusion that the subspecies of I. aphylla should be regarded as a single species (Wróblewska et al. 2010). According to my best knowledge (see also Jarvis 2007) the name I. aphylla is still lacking typification.

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Health Information Accessed on the Internet: The Development in 5 European Countries

International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications ◽

10.1155/2012/297416 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Per Egil Kummervold ◽

Rolf Wynn

Keyword(s):

Health Information ◽

Major Part ◽

Information Access ◽

European Countries ◽

Northern Europe ◽

The Internet ◽

Continuous Growth ◽

Media Source ◽

Use Of The Internet ◽

Near Future

The aim of this study was to summarize and analyse findings from four prior studies on the use of the Internet as a source of health information in five European countries (Norway, Denmark, Germany, Greece, and Portugal). A cross-study comparison of data was performed. All the studies included fit with a trend of a sharp and continuous growth in the use of the Internet for health information access in the major part of the last decade. Importantly, the Internet has become an important mass media source of health information in northern Europe. While the use of the Internet for health information is somewhat less common in the south European countries, its use is also clearly increasing there. We discuss the advantages of cross-study comparisons of data and methodological challenges. As the use of the Internet for health information is likely to peak in some countries in the near future, new population surveys on health information access should focus more on the details of information that is accessed and which sites that are most used and trusted.

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The determination of the atmospheric optical thickness over Western Europe using SeaWiFS imagery

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing ◽

10.1109/tgrs.2003.819880 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 824-832 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A.A. Kokhanovsky ◽

W. von Hoyningen-Huene ◽

H. Bovensmann ◽

J.P. Burrows

Keyword(s):

Optical Thickness ◽

Western Europe

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A Comparative Analysis of the Power of Selected European Countries. The Economic Determinants

Security Dimensions ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0015.3291 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (37) ◽

pp. 22-42

Author(s):

Alicja Paluch ◽

Henryk Spustek

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

European Countries ◽

Economic Power ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Economic Sphere ◽

National Power

The ever-increasing need for in-depth analysis and quantification of the national power, in particular ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ power-generating factors as well as difficulties in identifying a comprehensive and effective method for scientific determination of the national power, have given rise to research in the indicated scientific issues within this article. The presented considerations aim to define the assumptions for a descriptive sub-model that would enable a comparison of Poland’s power in the economic sphere (which is a component of the non-military sphere) with the power of selected European countries. The research hypothesis is that, among the variety of descriptive variables in the economic sphere of the national power, there is a subset of mutually independent variables, at the same time strongly correlated with the national power, which make it possible to define assumptions for the sub-model of the national power. The steps of the research procedure were carried out using the method of system analysis (multi-criteria comparative analysis) and statistical analysis. The research activities undertaken have shown that the factors that are strongly correlated with the national power in the economic area of the European countries adopted for the analysis are: dynamics of industrial production, private sector credit flows and economic freedom index. The comparative analysis carried out demonstrates that the greatest increase in the economic power in the analysed period took place in Germany (0.68). Slightly smaller growth was recorded in the Czech Republic (0.62) and Poland (0.60), while the lowest value of increase was in Romania (0.23). The conducted qualitative comparative analysis of the economic power of selected European countries allowed to conclude that the independent variables identified are crucial for the formation of the economic power of the analysed countries. At the same time, a fairly strong position of the Czech Republic and Poland in relation to the economic power of Germany was found. The performed quantification of the economic power of the European countries provides a basis for the correct determination of changes in the power distribution of political units, assessment of the power and resources held by the state.

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