scholarly journals Clinical and subclinical mastitis in cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavca Hristov ◽  
Branislav Stankovic ◽  
Renata Relic
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin Level ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
E Coli ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

The most important aspects of diagnosis and occurrence of clinical and subclinical mastitis are presented in this paper. Mastitis is inflammation of udders parenchyma characterized by pathological changes, and physical chemical and bacteriological changes of milk. Subclinical mastitis could be diagnosed by direct or indirect somatic cell count (SCC) by California Mastitis test and N-acetyl-B-D-glucosamynidasys test, ELISA and Whiteside test, and also by chloride and bovine serum albumin level, as well as by electric conductivity of milk. Therapy of mastitis is more successful with appropriate information about pathogen, which demands special mediums laboratory conditions and stuff, in order to evaluate antibiotic sensitivity of specific pathogen. In the majority of countries, similar rate of morbidity (about 40%) and infection rate (25%) of dairy cows were reported, regardless of the cause. Prevalence investigations show similarity in the most of the countries. Predominant cause of mastitis is Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Streptococcus agalactiae. Available data show that incidence rate of mastitis caused by E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aerobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella spp. is increasing. Similar data on incidence of mastits and prevalence of specific pathogen were established in our country.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS, ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN CATTLE IN MULTAN, PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
T. Ahmad ◽  
M. Kashif ◽  
E. Ahmad ◽  
M. Nadeem ◽  
M. Rizwan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Teat Dipping

Mastitis is the most widespread and economically important disease of dairy sector worldwide. The present research was, therefore intended to establish the prevalence of mastitis in and around the Multan district. A total of 100 dairy cows were randomly sampled during the period from July 2018 to October 2018 from different local dairy farms at Multan. After screening with California Mastitis Test, milk samples from mastitic animals were cultured and subjected to microbiological examination.The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis in cows was 38% and quarter-wise prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 36.20%.. Mastitis in front left quarters was 34.40%, right front quarters 31.60%, while left rare quarters 41% and right rear quarters 38%. Bacteria Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Enterococci, Salmonella, Bacillus, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas were isolated from infected samples. Staphylococcus aureus was the top-ranking isolated bacteria followed by Strept. Agalactiae and E. coli. The lack of proper milking techniques and no teat dipping were the most significantly associated risk factors. In the current study, E. coli isolates were sensitive to Gentamycine, Streptomycin, Chlororamphenicol and Kanamycin while resistant to Vancomycin and Penicillin. Similarly, S. aureus was extremely susceptible to Chloramphenicol, Vancomycin and Kanamycin but resistant to Tetracycline and Penicillin. It was concluded that subclinical mastitis was widely prevalent in Multan city. This study will help the farmers to adopt effective measures to control mastitis regarding the risk factors.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Milk of Goats with Subclinical Mastitis in Thika East Subcounty, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Precious Mahlangu ◽  
Naomi Maina ◽  
John Kagira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius

A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors of subclinical mastitis in dairy goats in Thika East Subcounty, Kenya. Further the bacterial pathogens and their antibiogram were investigated. Farm level data on risk factors were obtained from 41 farmers using questionnaires. Milk was obtained from 110 lactating dairy goats and tested for submastitis using California Mastitis Test (CMT). The prevalence of subclinical mastitis at goat level was estimated to be at 50.9% using CMT, out of which 86.5% yielded bacteria on culture. The significant risk factors associated with the occurrence of subclinical mastitis were cleaning schedule (p=0.022, OD=1.047) and parity of the goat (p=0048, OD=1.37). Higher prevalence of subclinical mastitis was observed for goats residing in houses cleaned at least once a fortnight. Does in the first parity were least affected. 169 bacterial isolates were obtained from culture, of which 52 isolates from major classes of isolated bacteria were tested for antibiotic sensitivity to six antibiotics. Fourteen different bacteria were isolated and identified from the milk samples. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (20.7%), Serratia spp. (19.5%), Citrobacter spp. (16%), Klebsiella spp. (11%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.7%), Enterobacter spp. (6.5%), Escherichia coli (5.9%), Proteus spp. (3%), Corynebacterium spp. (1.8%), Morganella spp. (1.8%), Streptococcus spp. (1.2%), Providencia spp. (0.6%), Micrococcus spp. (0.6%), and Staphylococcus intermedius (0.6%) were isolated and identified from the samples. All the isolates were resistant to Penicillin G, while 98% of the isolates were sensitive to Streptomycin. In conclusion, the study showed that a large proportion of goats were affected by subclinical mastitis, with the main bacteria being Staphylococci spp. and coliforms, and that most of the tested antibiotics can be used in the treatment of mastitis. Farmers need to be trained on improved control of mastitis through adoption of good dairy husbandry and milking practices.

scholarly journals Pathogenic and Drug Resistant Bacteria in Raw Milk of Jessore City: A Potential Food Safety Threat

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
UT Tasnim ◽  
MT Islam
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Milk is such a food which can meet almost all nutritional needs of human lives. Raw or unprocessed milk supports the growth of wide variety of microorganisms. The major interests of this study were examining the microbial quality of raw milk collected from different locations of Jessore city in Bangladesh and determining antibiotic susceptibility pattern of some isolated bacteria. To do so, 12 raw milk samples were collected from different areas of Jessore city. Microbial analysis comprised of enumeration of TVC (total viable count), TCC (total coliform count) and TSC (total staphylococcal count). The highest TVC, TCC and TSC were 1.95x109 CFU/ml, 2.5x107 CFU/ml and 1.02x107 CFU/ml respectively. Prevalent bacterial populations were Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Shigella spp. Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli and Citrobacter spp. In order to observe the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, the antibiotic sensitivity test was performed for some randomly selected isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. More than 90% isolates of Klebsiella spp. were found to be resistant against Erythromycin whereas more than 90% isolates were sensitive against Imipenem. On the other hand, 100% E. coli isolates were observed as resistant against Erythromycin and in case of Trimethopreme 100% isolates were sensitive. Multidrug resistance pattern was also found. These results suggest the necessity of hygienic practices during handling, processing and post-processing of raw milk to improve the microbiological quality and safety of raw milk.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23723Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 71-78

scholarly journals Genetic tools and techniques for fish improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (01S) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gopikrishna
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Mastitic Milk ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Mastitis is an economically important disease in goats. In the present study, a total of 100 quarter milk samples were collected from 50 apparently healthy Sirohi Goats in Udaipur district. The culture examination of these samples revealed the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in Sirohi goats as 26 (26/100) % and 34 (17/50) % on udder quarter basis and animal basis, respectively. The highest prevalence of subclinical mastitis was observed in 3rd lactation (50 %). Among the different isolates, staphylococci were found as most prevalent organism accounting for 37.50 (12/32) %, followed by streptococci 28.12 (9/32) %, E. coli 18.75 (6/32) %, bacilli 9.37 (3/32) % and Corynebacterium spp. 6.25 (2/32) %. The threshold values of modified California mastitis test, total somatic cell count and electrical conductivity in subclinical mastitic milk samples were observed to be +1, 1.0 million cells/ml of milk and 6.0 mS/cm, respectively.

Detection of β-lactamase in Clinical samples of Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 2995-2998
Author(s):  
Venkateswarlu Dasari ◽  
Arjun Pandian ◽  
Samiraj Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Confirmatory Analysis ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

The public health complexity globally the pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae are particularly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, from the hospital samples isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. 520 samples were obtained from patients in prakasam (DT), Coastal Andhra, Andhra Pradesh, India. Identified under clinical laboratory condition, for microbial culture Blood agar and MacConkey agar used and identified for selected pathogens, different biochemical test was tested against microbes. Results are in urine sample examined for this study screened (520), among them culture +ve (250), β-lactamase (33), E. coli (15), Klebsiella (18) and others (217), in blood samples was collected and analyzed (250) culture +ve are (25), β-lactamase (13), E. coli (6), Klebsiella (4) and others (15). Pleural fluids (10) are evaluated among them culture +ve (3), β-lactamase (2), E. coli didn’t observed, Klebsiella (2) and others (1) also obtained (Fig. 6). In synovial fluid samples (10) screened and evaluated among them culture +ve (3), β-lactamase (3), E. coli didn’t observed, Klebsiella (3) and others also didn’t find out. In antibiotic sensitivity test, observed that sensitive to Piperacillin tazobactum and Sensitive to imepenam. Concluded that the urine samples collected and examined in different methods β-lactamase, E. coli didn’t observed, Klebsiella identified and characterized in different confirmatory analysis, use of these antibiotics is compulsory to decrease the extend of these challenging strains.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Caprine Subclinical Mastitis in Mymensingh Area, Bangladesh and Characterization of Associated Bacterial Agents and the Risk Factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khandkar Muhammad Alimul Razi ◽  
Md Bahanur Rahman ◽  
Gerardo H Flores-Gutiérrez ◽  
Md Tanvir Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

The prevalence of caprine subclinical mastitis in Mymensingh area was assessed by California Mastitis Test (CMT). Milk samples were also analyzed for the isolation and identification of bacterial agents that might be associated with caprine subclinical mastitis including their antibiotic sensitivity pattern against commonly used antibiotics. In addition, the influ-ence of certain risk factors such as age of animal, parity, length of lactation period, type of farming system and type of housing floor, on the prevalence of caprine subclinical mastitis was also evaluated. Milk samples were collected from 59 goats (113 udder halves). The overall prevalence of caprine subclinical mastitis as determined by CMT was 18.64%. On an udder half basis the prevalence was 15.04%. Certain risk factors associated with caprine subclinical mastitis were identified. The prevalence was higher in older animals, with greater parity and longer lactation period. The prevalence was also higher in farms where goats were raised under traditional farming system with earthen floors. The predominant bacterial species isolated from milk that were collected from the subclinical mastitis positive cases were Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis, that showed various degrees of sensitivity to the antibiotics used in the study.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mh.v1i1.13705 Microbes and Health Vol.1(1) June 2012 pp.1-5

Studies on Subclinical Mastitis in Sirohi Goats in Southern Rajasthan with Reference to Prevalence and Diagnostic Aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Sharma ◽  
Hitesh K. Meena ◽  
Joshi Monika
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diagnostic Aspects ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Mastitic Milk ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Mastitis is an economically important disease in goats. In the present study, a total of 100 quarter milk samples were collected from 50 apparently healthy Sirohi Goats in Udaipur district. The culture examination of these samples revealed the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in Sirohi goats as 26 (26/100) % and 34 (17/50) % on udder quarter basis and animal basis, respectively. The highest prevalence of subclinical mastitis was observed in 3rd lactation (50 %). Among the different isolates, staphylococci were found as most prevalent organism accounting for 37.50 (12/32) %, followed by streptococci 28.12 (9/32) %, E. coli 18.75 (6/32) %, bacilli 9.37 (3/32) % and Corynebacterium spp. 6.25 (2/32) %. The threshold values of modified California mastitis test, total somatic cell count and electrical conductivity in subclinical mastitic milk samples were observed to be +1, 1.0 million cells/ml of milk and 6.0 mS/cm, respectively.

scholarly journals Prevalence of clinical and subclinical caprine mastitis of northern region in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ferdous ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MI Khan ◽  
MAHNA Khan ◽  
UK Rima
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Dairy Animals

Mastitis is a multifactorial and infectious disease of the udder of dairy animals. Infected animals suffer from pain and fever and causing damage in udder and changes in milk. The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical caprine mastitis associated with bacterial pathogens during the period from January to June, 2017. A total of 120 lactating goats were randomly selected from different villages of Dinajpur district and 240 milk samples from each udder half were aseptically collected. The udders were examined and screened for the evidence of clinical and subclinical mastitis by clinical examination of udders and examining milk samples. Subclinical mastitis was detected by California Mastitis Test (CMT). Milk samples of all clinical and subclinical mastitis goats were cultured in/on bacteriological media for isolation and characterization of responsible bacterial pathogens. The overall prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis in goats was found to be 11.67% and 38.75%, respectively. Bacteriological examination of mastitic milk samples of caprine revealed Staphylococcus spp. (32.5%) as the major pathogen followed by Escherichia coli (22.5%), Pseudomonas spp. (12.5%), Klebsiella spp. (12.5%) and Bacillus spp. (5%). Results of this study indicated that about 50% of caprine udder were infected with mastitis (38.75%), which may render lowering milk production and mortality of goats and kids. It needs to screen milk sample of lactating goats by CMT, identify mastitic goats with infected bacteria, evaluate antibiotic sensitivity and design control strategy accordingly.Progressive Agriculture 29 (2): 127-138, 2018

scholarly journals Subclinical mastitis in sheep: Causes and their sensitivity to antibiotics

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 231-241
Author(s):  
Slobodanka Vakanjac ◽  
Igor Todorovic
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Staphylococcus Simulans

The California mastitis test (CMT) was used to examine the milk of 6609 sheep, actually, from 13218 mammary complexes. A total of 986 milk samples were found to contain an increased number of somatic cells, and causes of mastitis were isolated from 910 (92.3%) of these samples. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were: E. coli isolated from 189 (20.76%) samples, Micrococcus sp from 186 (20.43%) samples, Bacillus sp. from 177 (19.45%), Staphylococcus aureus from 172 (18.9%) samples, and Proteus sp. from 121 (13.29%) samples of sheep milk. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were isolated in a much smaller number, from 25 (2.74%) samples, Streptococcus sp. was isolated from 19 (2.08%) samples, Pseudomonas sp. from 14 (1.53%) samples, haemolytic E. coli was isolated from only 6 (0.65%) samples, and Streptococcus agalactiae from only one sample. Among the 25 isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci, 16 (64%) isolates were identified as Staphylococcus chromogenes, and 9 (36%) isolates as Staphylococcus simulans. The sensitivity of the isolated causes of mastitis to antibiotics was examined using the disc diffusion method. .

scholarly journals Prevalence of Disease and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile of Hospital Associated Pathogens: A study on a local diagnostic Centre in Dhaka city

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Sharmin Ahmed ◽  
Riajul Islam ◽  
Sunjukta Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Predominant Pathogen ◽  
Good Treatment Option ◽  
Klebsiella Spp ◽  
Diagnostic Centre

Different types of diseases inflict the inhabitants of Dhaka city from time to time. The focus of this study was to investigate disease prevalence, etiology and antibiotic sensitivity profiles reported at a local diagnostic service in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Pathogens were transported from a renowned local diagnostic centre in Dhaka city in Trypticase Soy broth (TSB) to the laboratory. Antibiogram was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion assay. A total of 110 samples (20% blood (n = 22), 60.9% urine (n = 67), 13.64% pus (n =15), 3.64% sputum (n = 4) and 1.82% wound swab samples (n = 2) were collected for further investigation. Of the patients, 30% were male and 70% were female. In case of blood samples from diarrheal patients, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (72.7%) and S. enterica serovars Paratyphi (27.2%) were predominant. Both serovars were sensitive to Cefixime, Ceftriaxone and Gentamicin and resistant to Nalidixic acid. E. coli (91%) was the predominant pathogen in Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) patients followed by Klebsiella spp. (8.9%). E. coli exhibited resistance to Cephalosporins and Ciprofloxacin whereas Klebsiella spp. were, however, sensitive to these antibiotics. Both species showed resistance against Amoxicillin and sensitivity to Imipenem, Merpenem and Colistin. In pus samples, S. aureus (46.7%) prevailed followed by Klebsiella spp. (26.7%) and E. coli (26.7%) spp. All S. aureus isolates were sensitive to Fusidic acid, Vancomycin, Linezolid and Piperacillin and 50% were sensitive to Cephalosporins and Ciprofloxacin and resistant to Amoxycillin and Azithromycin. E. coli and Klebsiella spp. from pus samples could be inhibited by Carbapenem. As with UTI isolates, E. coli from pus were resistant to Cephalosporins, Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin whereas 66% Klebsiella spp. were sensitive to the first two. A total of 66% of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. showed sensitivity to Gentamicin and Amikacin. It was observed that there was a similarity in the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the same bacterial spp. isolated from different disease cases. As a general rule, it was observed that Imipenem is a good treatment option for treating E. coli and Klebsiella spp., Cephalosporins for Salmonella while a number of treatment options existed for S. aureus infections. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 36 Number 2 December 2019, pp 99-104

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