scholarly journals Genetic diversity of wheat grain quality and determination the best clustering technique and data type for diversity assessment

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-774
Author(s):  
Mostafa Khodadadi ◽  
Hamid Dehghani ◽  
Mohammad Fotokian
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Data Type ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Clustering Technique ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Wheat is an important staple in human nutrition and improvement of its grain quality characters will have high impact on population's health. The objectives of this study were assessing variation of some grain quality characteristics in the Iranian wheat genotypes and identify the best type of data and clustering method for grouping genotypes. In this study 30 spring wheat genotypes were cultivated through randomized complete block design with three replications in 2009 and 2010 years. High significant difference among genotypes for all traits except for Sulfate, K, Br and Cl content, also deference among two years mean for all traits were no significant. Meanwhile there were significant interaction between year and genotype for all traits except Sulfate and F content. Mean values for crude protein, Zn, Fe and Ca in Mahdavi, Falat, Star, Sistan genotypes were the highest. The Ca and Br content showed the highest and the lowest broadcast heritability respectively. In this study indicated that the Root Mean Square Standard Deviation is efficient than R Squared and R Squared efficient than Semi Partial R Squared criteria for determining the best clustering technique. Also Ward method and canonical scores identified as the best clustering method and data type for grouping genotypes, respectively. Genotypes were grouped into six completely separate clusters and Roshan, Niknejad and Star genotypes from the fourth, fifth and sixth clusters had high grain quality characters in overall.

Dry matter yield and chemical content of forage sorghums intercropping with annual legumes.

1969 ◽  
Vol 96 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 165-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael W. Colbert ◽  
Elide Valencia ◽  
James S. Beaver
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Annual Legumes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. Moench 'Brown midrib' (BMR)] and annual legumes lablab [Lablab purpureus L. 'Rongai' (L)] and mucuna [Mucuna pruriens L. 'Vine 90 d' (M)] are suitable fodder for the dairy industry in Puerto Rico, but BMR harvested at 90 days, usually has low crude protein (CP, 6%) content, which limits its usefulness. There is the possibility of increasing the CP by intercropping legumes with BMR, but this option has been only slightly investigated. This study proposes to compare BMR in monoculture and in intercropping with 'Rongai' (SL) and 'Vine 90 d' (SM), in addition to L and M in monoculture, in terms of total leaf mass (FM) and botanical components (sorghum, legumes and weeds) and chemical (CP and fiber fractions) at two harvest times. The experimental plots (25 m2) were sown in February and August 2008 in a randomized complete block design with five replications. At each harvest time, 2 m2 MF area was sampled 90 days after sowing. Data were analyzed by using the MIXED procedure of SAS and mean separation tests were performed by using F-protected LSD at 95% level of confidence. No significant differences (combining fodder botanical component and weeds) were detected for the total MF between BMR and BMR associated with legumes in monoculture, with mean values of 8.94, 8.81, and 8.42 Mg/ha for BMR-'Rongai', BMR-'Vine 90 d', and BMR, respectively. Overall, there was no significant difference in MF between May and August (8.1 vs. 7.5 Mg/ha). 'Rongai' yield (Mg/ha) did not change between May and August (3.6 vs. 3.0) but was lower in the intercrop (2.74) than in monoculture (3.94). 'Vine 90 d' had the lowest yield of 2.8 and 1.3 Mg/ ha in May and August, respectively. No differences (P > 0.05) in NDF and ADF content between BMR and BMR-'Rongai'-'Vine 90 d', whose values were 60.1 and 63.9% and 40.1 and 46.5%, respectively. However, differences (P < 0.05) were found in CP content between monoculture and intercropping, with values of 14.1, 11.1, and 6.0% for 'Rongai', 'Vine 90 d', and sole BMR, respectively, whereas the BMR-'Rongai' and BMR- 'Vine 90 d' CP were 9.8 and 9.1%, but these last values exceed by three units the percentage in BMR. In conclusion, BMR intercropped with 'Rongai' and 'Vine 90 d' improved the forage chemistry and helps to control weeds while favoring the performance of desirable botanical components.

scholarly journals Effects of Seed Rate and Row Spacing on Yield and Yield Components of Teff (Eragrostis tef [Zucc.] Trotter.) in Kiltu Kara Distirct of Western Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-23
Author(s):  
Shifera Kitata ◽  
Tolera Abera ◽  
Bhupesh Nandeshwar
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Four Levels

Teff is a major staple cereal crop in Ethiopia. However, its productivity is limited due to lack of appropriate sowing methods and utilization of improper seed rate are among the major once. Hence, a field experiment was conducted in Kiltu Kara District to determine the effects of seed rate and row spacing on yield and yield components of teff. Four levels of seed rates (10, 15, 20 and 25 kg ha-1) and three rows spacing (15, 20 and 25cm) used and combined 12 treatments in total. The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement in three replications. All yield components teff were significantly affected by different row spacing except straw yields of teff. The interaction of seed rate and row spacing showed significant difference for yield and yield components of teff. Significantly higher mean values of teff were found by the interaction of 10 kg seed rate ha-1 and 25 cm row spacing. Significantly higher panicle length (36.9), number of tillers per plant (5), number of productive tillers per plant (4) of teff was recorded from interaction of 10 kg seed rate ha-1 and 25 cm row spacing. Higher dry biomass (2591 kg ha-1) and grain yields (1267 kg ha-1) of teff were recorded from interaction of 10 kg seed rate ha-1 and 25 cm row spacing. Mean of highest harvest index (49%) of teff was recorded from interaction of 10 kg seed rate ha-1 and 25cm row spacing as compared to others. Significantly higher straw yields (1488 kg ha-1) was recorded from interaction of 15kg seed rate ha-1 and 20 cm row spacing as compared to other treatment combinations. Therefore, the use of 10 kg seed rate ha-1 together with 25 cm row spacing was the optimum seed rate and row spacing and 10 kg ha-1 was profitable for the production of teff. To make definite conclusion further research for more seasons and location is required to give recommendation for the study area.

Effect of Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Pumpkin's (Cucurbita pepo L.) Leave Content of N, P, and K

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Ammar Hameed Madi ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Four Levels

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bacterial bio-fertilization A. chroococcum and P. putide and four levels of compost (0, 1, 2, 3) tons.h-1 on the leaves content of N.P.K elements. The experiment was carried out in one of the greenhouses of the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Qadisiyah during fall season 2018-2019. It designed in accordance with the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates in sandy loam soil. The means of treatments were compared with the least significant difference (LSD) at (5)% probability level. The results present that the treatments of A. chroococcum, P. putide and compost at (3) tons.kg-1 significantly increases the leaves content of K.P.K compared to all other treatments in the flowering stage (4.970, 0.5000, and 4.930) mg.kg-1, respectively. This treatment was followed by the effect of the treatment of A. chroococcum and compost at (3) tons.kg-1, which increases the values of all traits except the leaf content of (P). Bio-fertilizer with P. putide + A. chroococcum significantly increases the leaves' content of P.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF UNILATERAL NEPHRECTOMY ON KIDNEY FUNCTION IN FERAL DOMESTIC CATS (Felis catus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Dionesio A. Estopa
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Function ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Unilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Operative Care ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
One Year

This experimental study was conducted to determine the effect of unilateral nephrectomy on kidney function through hematological and urological values after surgery using feral domestic cats.  Four (4) apparently healthy stray male cats were caught and used as experimental animals in this study. The animals were grouped into two (2) with two cats in each group. Grouping of the animals was based according to age, the 1st group – ages one year and above (>1 year) and the 2nd group – ages one year and below (<1 year).  A split plot randomized complete block design was used in the experiment. The result shows that rectal temperature and packed cell volume have been affected on both age group of cats and other urological values like the presence of urobilinogen, protein, leukocytes, erythrocytes and crystals were elevated twenty four hours after surgery. A significant increase on the level of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen has been noted from the 3rd and 15th post – operative day. However, no significant difference was noted between experimental animals and the two age groups, all of which have similar result. The findings of the study revealed that the remaining kidney could not completely compensate the function of the other kidney up to the 15th post – operative day, it may take longer than fifteen days. Hence, proper supportive treatment, post-operative care & management of animals subjected to unilateral nephrectomy is a must and should continue beyond fifteen days.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HARDWOOD BARK MULCH ON THE WINTER SURVIVAL OF EIGHT CULTIVARS OF GARDEN CHRYSANTHEMUMS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1097c-1097
Author(s):  
William F. Hayslett ◽  
P. R. Thangudu ◽  
Sabrina Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Flowering Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cold Hardy

A field study was conducted at Tennessee State University's research station to evaluate the effect of hardwood bark mulch on the winter survival of garden mums. A randomized complete block design was used. Cultivars used were adorn, encore, grandchild, jackpot, legend, minnautumn, minnwhite and triump. At the end of the flowering season the tops were removed leaving a four inch stubble in the mulch. The number of mum plants that resumed growth the following spring were counted for each cultivar. There was a difference in the winter survival of the different cultivars as well as a significant difference in the mulch treated and the control. Grandchild and jackpot were most cold hardy followed by encore, minnwhite, minnautumn, triump, legend, and adorn. Grandchild and jackpot with four inches of hardwood bark mulch had an 88 percent survival while the control had a 44 percent survival. Adorn. had a 51 percent survival with four inches of mulch and a 20 percent survival in the control. This data shows that hardwood bark mulch holds a great potential for providing excellent winter protection for garden mums.

scholarly journals Evaluation of experimental designs in durum wheat trials

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Anastasios Katsileros ◽  
Christos Koukouvinos
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Incomplete Block ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Experimental Plots

Abstract Variability among experimental plots may be a relevant problem in field genotype experiments, especially when a large number of entries are involved. Four field trials on 24 durum wheat genotypes were conducted in 2013/14 in order to evaluate the efficiency of Incomplete Block, Alpha and Augmented designs in comparison with the traditional Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results showed that the RCBD can be replaced by an Alpha design, which provides better control of variability among the experimental units when the number of treatments to be tested in an experiment exceeds twenty. The ranking of the genotypes across the four designs was not constant.

scholarly journals PSIV-16 Effect of a 1-monoglyceride, 1,2-diglyceride of butyric-, caproic- and caprilic acid, and Avilamycin on performance and intestinal E. coli when fed to piglets challenged with E. coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Michael Coelho ◽  
Peter Ader
Keyword(s):  
Caprylic Acid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
T1 And T2

Abstract This study examined the effect of 1-monoglycerides and 1,2-diglycerides of butyric-, caproic- and caprylic acid (SILOHealth™ 104L [monoglycerides]) and avilamycin on day 14 and 21 post weaning performance of E. coli (GN-Ent and O157:H7) day 5 challenged piglets fed corn/soy diets that met or exceeded current NRC (2012) recommendations. A total of 96, Choice Genetics CG32, piglets were used in a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit, treatment as the fixed effect, and block as the random effect (4 piglets/pen x 3 treatments x 8 replications). Pigs were blocked by sex and weight and were orally dosed with 5 ml (1x109 CFU/g, strain GN-Ent and O157:H7) E. coli d 5 after weaning (Ec). The treatment were: NC with Ec; T1=NC + 3 kg/MT monoglycerides; T2=NC+ 80 ppm avilamycin. Least significant difference was used to compare means of treatment. Mortalities and pen removals were weighed and recorded. The E. coli infection model was effective in causing E. coli mortality of 25% at d14 post weaning and 33% at d21 post weaning in NC. T1 and T2 reduced mortality versus NC at d14 (25, 3 and 0%, P < 0.05) and d21 (33, 4 and 0%, P < 0.05), increased ADG at d14 (203, 255 and 259 g, P < 0.05) and d21 (456, 511 and 515 g, P < 0.05), decreased FCR at d21 (1.90, 1.85 and 1.83, P < 0.05), and decreased intestinal E. coli, log 10 of CFU/g, versus NC (4.1, 2.2 and 2.1, P < 0.05). Monoglycerides and avilamycin performance, mortality and intestinal E. coli log 10 were not significantly different at P < 0.05. In conclusion, the use of monoglycerides improved ADG, reduced FCR, reduced mortality and reduced intestinal E. coli log 10 at day 14 and 21 post weaning versus NC and monoglycerides were not significant different (P < 0.05) than avilamycin.

scholarly journals Tolerance to preharvest sprouting and yield of wheat genotypes from different breeding programs

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 698-706
Author(s):  
Rafael Nörnberg ◽  
José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva ◽  
Henrique de Souza Luche ◽  
Elisane Weber Tessmann ◽  
Sydney Antonio Frehner Kavalco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract:The objective of this work was to characterize the performance of elite wheat genotypes from different Brazilian breeding programs for traits associated with grain yield and preharvest sprouting. The study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 in the municipality of Capão do Leão, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Thirty-three wheat genotypes were evaluated for traits related to preharvest sprouting and grain yield. The estimate of genetic distance was used to predict potential combinations for selection of plants with high grain yield and tolerance to preharvest sprouting. The combined analysis of sprouted grains and falling number shows that the TBIO Alvorada, TBIO Mestre, Frontana, Fundacep Raízes, Fundacep Cristalino, and BRS Guamirim genotypes are tolerant to preharvest sprouting. Combinations of TBIO Alvorada and TBIO Mestre with Fundacep Cristalino show high potential for recovering superior genotypes for high grain yield and tolerance to preharvest sprouting.

scholarly journals Effects of potassium application on yield attributes, yield and grain quality of lentil in terrace soil of Joydebpur

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-607
Author(s):  
MA Quddus ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
HM Naser ◽  
S Aktar
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Yield Maximization

An experiment was conducted in the research field of Pulses Research Sub-Station, BARI, Gazipur during two consecutive years of 2015-16 and 2016-17 to determine the suitable dose of potassium for achieving higher yield attributes, nodulation, nutrient concentration and yield maximization of lentil. There were 5 treatments viz. T1 = Control, T2 = 30 kg K ha-1, T3= 40 kg K ha-1, T4= 50 kg K ha-1 and T5= 60 kg K ha-1 along with the blanket dose of fertilizers of N, P, S, Zn and B @ 15, 20, 10, 2 and 1.5 kg ha-1, respectively for all treatments. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results revealed that the highest seed yield (1092 kg ha-1) of lentil (mean of two years) was found in T4 followed by T5 treatment and the lowest (736 kg ha-1) was noted in K control (T1) treatment. The highest % yield increase over control (48.3%) was recorded from T4 treatment. The maximum nodulation was found in T5 followed by T4 treatment. The highest protein (26.9%), N, P, K, S, Zn and B concentrations of lentil seed were recorded in T4 treatment. Therefore, the results suggest that the appliction of 50 kg K ha-1 along with N15P20S10Zn2B1.5 kg ha-1 are optimum for achieving higher yield potential of lentil in terrace soils of Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(4): 599-607, December 2019

scholarly journals Performance of Six Genotypes of Tritordeum Compare to Bread Wheat under East Mediterranean Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9700
Author(s):  
Ioanna Kakabouki ◽  
Dimitrios F. Beslemes ◽  
Evangelia L. Tigka ◽  
Antigolena Folina ◽  
Stella Karydogianni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Gluten Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Set Up

Four advanced tritordeum lines were studied and compared to two commercial varieties of tritordeum and wheat cultivars in yield and quality features, in Greece. For this purpose, a two-year experiment was established in the Greek territory. The field experiment was set up in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with blocks, with different lines and varieties. Head emergence was calculated based on Growing Degree Days (GDDs), which was significantly affected by the year. The significance of differences between treatments was estimated by using Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) test with significance level p = 0.05. The weight of 1000 seeds of the two commercial varieties differed from the equivalent weight of 1000 seeds of tritordeum lines, approximately 1 g. Yield was significantly affected by lines/varieties and year. Compared to tritordeum yield, wheat yield marked the highest values. This difference was almost 2 kg ha−1. Gluten content was significantly affected by lines/varieties. The highest gluten content was firstly noticed at wheat GENESIS (34.2%) variety and secondly at tritordeum Aucan (33.2%) variety. Protein was higher in tritordeum lines HT-1704 (15.5%), HT-1707 (15.1%) and Aucan variety (15.2%) during the first experimental year. Tritordeum seems to have significant adaptability to dry conditions in Greece and significant yields compared to the existing commercial varieties and bread wheat.

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