scholarly journals Unstability of food production per capita and population: Asia

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Vesna Jablanovic
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Empirical Content ◽  
Stability Properties ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Set Up

The basic aims of this paper are: firstly, to set up an endogenous model of food production per capita and population; secondly, to estimate the food production per capita regression equation and population regression equation; and thirdly, to determine stability properties of food production per capita and population in Asia during the period 1967-1997. Empirical content of this model confirms the fact that movement of food production per capita and population had unstable character in Asia in the observed period.

period. Of these 14, only three, namely, the Philippines, Thailand and Sri Lanka, appeared at a rough glance, to have met the two balances. In most of the others, the rate of growth of food production, even when keeping abreast of population growth, was not sufficient to accommodate increases in food demand that should be allowed for at normal rates out of additional incomes. Mozambique, Ethiopia and Nicaragua put in a dismal showing with staggering declines in the index of per capita food production, although the reference period straddles the systemic breaks in these countries. India conforms to the general pattern of doing rather better in terms of the overall growth and, therefore, of the labour absorption experience than in terms of the food balance relation. Three conditional conclusions seem to be justified: that it is only in exceptional cases that both balances have been maintained; that in the majority of cases, the experience with regard to overall growth has been better than that for the food sector, implying imbalanced growth; and that in the overwhelming number of cases, the food balance has been grossly violated. A few additional points need to be made. First, the twin balances as discussed only provide a floor level: the balances could also be maintained at much higher growth rates. Second, even when the balances are met, it is possible that other mechanisms operate which lead to the violations of the conditions which the balances were meant to protect. Thus, food production and employment might be sufficient, but if the foodgrains are politically prices (as in India), the result might be similar, from the point of view of the poor, to the situation where the food balance is violated. So also, the rate of employ-ment increase might be high enough, but the labour participation rate might rise for certain groups of the population while it drops for others, again implying, from the point of those left out, a violation of the employment balance. Third, even where one or both balances are violated, it is possible that there is a positive per capita growth rate of income in aggregate terms. Indeed, high per capita growth rates are more likely to be characterised by food imbalances than not. Fourth, these imbalances are partly ascribable to the nature of the growth process, but usually also in part to the nature of planning and policy priorities of the state. What happens when there are imbalances? While the pressures set up by imbalances are similar, the manner in which they are absorbed, and hence the social burden of the adjustment is quite different in socialist as against capitalist economies. When the EB is violated, the average number of dependents per employed person rises. If alongside this, per capita incomes are rising, then the question becomes one of an equitable sharing of the restricted employment opportunities . W ithin a capitalist framework, there is no way for this to happen; in a socialist economy, where the entitlement to work is universally guaranteed, there is an inbuilt redistributive mechanism which shares out the available benefits of employment - albeit with greater gains for the employed - between the employed and the unemployed population. When the FB is broken, then in a capitalist economy, the inequality of the distribution of income leads to an inflationary process which raises the price of food suf-ficiently to establish a new equilibrium, but at a point where the post facto income elasticity of demand for food is low enough to equilibriate effective

2013 ◽  
pp. 17-17
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Burden ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Set Up

scholarly journals An intelligent management system for aquaponics

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
Divas Karimanzira ◽  
Thomas Rauschenbach
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Water Recirculation ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Intelligent Management ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Aquaculture Production ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Population rise, climate change, soil degradation, water scarcity, and food security require efficient and sustainable food production. Aquaponics is a highly efficient way of farming and is becoming increasingly popular. However, large scale aquaponics still lack stability, standardization and proof of economical profitability. The EU-INAPRO project helps to overcome these limitations by introducing digitization, enhanced technology, and developing standardized modular scalable solutions and demonstrating the viability of large aquaponics. INAPRO is based on an innovation a double water recirculation system (DRAPS), one for fish, and the other one for crops. In DRAPS, optimum conditions can be set up individually for fish and crops to increase productivity of both. Moreover, the integration of digital technologies and data management in the aquaculture production and processing systems will enable full traceability and transparency in the processes, increasing consumers’ trust in aquaculture products. In this paper, the innovations and the digitization approach will be introduced and explained and the key benefits of the system will be emphasized.

scholarly journals Will We Soon Run Out of Water?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ghislain de Marsily
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Good Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Food Deficit ◽  
The World ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Per Capita

In 2000, the World population was 6.2 billion; it reached 7 billion in 2012 and should reach 9.5 billion (±0.4) in 2050 and 11 billion (±1.5) in 2100, according to UN projections. The trend after 2100 is still one of global demographic growth, but after 2060, Africa would be the only continent where the population would still increase. The amount of water consumed annually to produce the food necessary to meet the needs varies greatly between countries, from about 600 to 2,500 m<sup>3</sup>/year per capita, depending on their wealth, their food habits (particularly meat consumption), and the percentage of food waste they generate. In 2000, the total food production was on the order of 3,300 million tons (in cereal equivalents). In 2019, about 0.8 billion inhabitants of the planet still suffer from hunger and do not get the nutrition they need to be in good health or, in the case of children, to grow properly (both physically and intellectually). Assuming a World average water consumption for food of 1,300 m<sup>3</sup>/year per capita in 2000, 1,400 m<sup>3</sup>/year in 2050, and 1,500 m<sup>3</sup>/year in 2100, a volume of water of around 8,200 km<sup>3</sup>/year was needed in 2000, 13,000 km<sup>3</sup>/year will be needed in 2050, and 16,500 km<sup>3</sup>/year in 2100. Will that much water be available on earth? Can there be conflicts related to a food deficit? Some preliminary answers and scenarios for food production will be given from a hydrologist viewpoint.

Study on the Relationship between the Economics and Environment of Puyang City Based on Environmental Kuznets Curve

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 773-782
Author(s):  
Qing Song Li ◽  
Kai Kang ◽  
Jia Wei Zhu ◽  
Qing Xiang Meng ◽  
Su Jun Deng
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Environmental Index ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship

The study set up the model of per capita GDP and the environmental index based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) with the support of SPSS software and the 2003-2011 economics and environment data of Puyang City. And the result shows that the environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) of industrial wastewater discharge and industrial sulfur dioxide emissions both display inverted U-shape; and just across the turning point, the discharge present downward trend with the increasing of per capita GDP; while the EKC of industrial fumes emissions display positive U-shape, and its emission present upward trend first and then downward with the increasing of per capita GDP. It shows that the environmental problems of Puyang City has partly improved, but has not been fully restrained. The main reasons are unreasonable industrial structure, single dominated industy and relatively low investment on environmental improvement.

scholarly journals Examining the crises in the food sector of Nigerian agriculture

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-84
Author(s):  
Richard Ilorah
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Capita Food ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Policy Mechanisms ◽  
Radical Approach

Food output in Nigeria has deteriorated since the 1970s, whereas the population continues to grow. Consequently, the country experiences a fall in per capita food production. Grouping the country's food producers under four categories, this paper argues that production has remained a predominantly peasant affair, characterized by subsistency, inefficiency and low productivity. For a way forward out of the food crises, we introduce a theoretical model of the impact of policy mechanisms on agricultural output. We also look at the target group of the policy mechanisms. The paper concludes that to tackle the food crises, the country needs a radical approach to the problem, with emphasis on a total departure from its hitherto subsistence farming to a modem commercial farming.

Dynamic Analysis on Change and System Simulation of Food Production Materials in the Northern Anhui Province

2012 ◽  
Vol 534 ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
Hai Min Su ◽  
Ai Xia He ◽  
Yao Gao
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Regional Difference ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Grey Correlation Analysis ◽  
Suzhou City ◽  
Per Capita

According to statistical and survey data at provincial levels, trend of Grain per unit area yield materials and its influencing forces in Northern Anhui Province during the last 20 years were discussed in this article. It was found that: since 1991, the total Grain per unit area yield materials availability took on increasing, but regional difference was very obvious in Northern Anhui Province; Suzhou City and Huaibei City with higher rate took on increasing as a whole, inverse to the lower Grain per unit area yield materials in Fuyang City, Bengbu City and Huaian City. Grey correlation analysis showed that the most important factors of Grain per unit area yield materials were the effective irrigated area, net income of farmer per capita and financial support to agriculture. However, the influence of natural disaster and pesticide application amount should not be ignored.

When the South Emulates the North: Energy Policies and Nationalism in the Twentieth Century

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
NUNO LUÍS MADUREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Private Consumption ◽  
Public Utilities ◽  
Mixed Strategies ◽  
Economic Nationalism ◽  
Industrial Manufacturing ◽  
Southern States ◽  
The North ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Set Up

AbstractDifferences in natural endowments, in geographical conditions and in per capita income set up an historical bifurcation between northern states, with abundant renewable hydrological resources, and less well-endowed southern states. While the first embraced a model of electricity adding, with the embodiment of this form of energy in capital goods and intermediate goods, the second followed a path of electricity substitution, with mixed strategies of replacing inputs in established sectors of industry, public utilities, transport and private consumption. This article examines the different plans for and achievements of economic nationalism in the twentieth century and its consequences, discussing the possibility of reproducing in Portugal the pattern of the stimulus to industrial manufacturing of cheap electricity.

Urban economic development, changes in food consumption patterns and land requirements for food production in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Jiang ◽  
Karen C. Seto ◽  
Junfei Bai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Urban Economic ◽  
Aquatic Products ◽  
Urban Economic Development ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The impact of dietary changes associated with urbanization is likely to increase the demand for land for food production. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of urban economic development on changes in food demand and associated land requirements for food production. Design/methodology/approach – Based on economic estimates from the Almost Ideal Demand System, feed conversion ratios, and crop yields, the authors forecast and compare future dietary patterns and land requirements for two types of urban diets in China. Findings – The results show that the expenditure elasticities of oil and fat, meat, eggs, aquatic products, dairy, and liquor for the diet of capital cities are greater than those for the diet of small- and medium-sized cities. The authors forecast that capital city residents will experience a more rapid rate of increase in per capita demand of meat, eggs, and aquatic products, which will lead to much higher per capita land requirements. Projections indicate that total per capita land demand for food production in capital cities will increase by 9.3 percent, from 1,402 to 1,533 m2 between 2010 and 2030, while total per capita land demand in small- and medium-sized cities will increase only by 5.3 percent, from 1,192 to 1,255 m2. Originality/value – The results imply that urban economic development can significantly affect the final outcomes of land requirements for food production. Urban economic development is expected to accelerate the rate of change toward an affluent diet, which can lead to much higher future land requirements.

Numerical Experiment on Bend Strength Computation of Profile-Shifted Involute Gear

2011 ◽  
Vol 308-310 ◽  
pp. 1337-1340
Author(s):  
Huo Jie Shi ◽  
Xiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Experiment ◽  
Static Analysis ◽  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Involute Gear ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Element Method

In order to fix on the inner connection of modification coefficient and bend strength, the static analysis of profile-shifted gear is made by applying Finite Element Method, then regression equation that revealed the relation between modification coefficient and bend strength is set up according to the Similarity Theory. Given bend stress of a standard gear, the bend stress of any profile-shifted gear with the same teeth can be calculated from the equation.

scholarly journals Jasa penyediaan biodiversitas pada sistem agroforest kaliwu

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Gerson N. Njurumana ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Building Community ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Food Needs

Biodiversity plays a strategic role in the socio-economic system of a community, through the supply of essential services for humans and ecosystems. Diverse services encourage people to manage the ecosystem of the environment. For instance, the Kaliwu agroforests are a multi-species dryland farm developed by the community on Sumba Island for various services providing such as food production. However, data and information on food crop biodiversity in Kaliwu, and its contribution to food ingredients are not yet known. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the food plant biodiversity and its contribution to meeting household needs. Data were obtained through field observations, and interviews were conducted on 70 household units in Kaliwu, Central Sumba Regency. The data and information were descriptively-qualitatively analyzed. The result showed that the biodiversity of food source plants consists of 12 types of cassava groups and 46 types of fruit. Each farmer has several biodiversities composed of different food plants, determined by their decisions. The variation in the contribution of food to per capita needs, such as cassava contributes 35-41%, while fruits range from 55-81%. Kaliwu plays a significant role in supporting biodiversity conservation and in meeting food needs. Therefore, the drive to empower Kaliwu as an alternative to building community-based food security is needed to provide added value

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