scholarly journals Characteristics of shigellosis outbreaks in the AP of Vojvodina

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Djuric ◽  
Slavica Stefanovic ◽  
Vladimir Petrovic ◽  
Gorana Cosic
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Outbreak Investigation ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Epidemiological Method ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Water Borne

Introduction. Shigellosis causes around 165 million infections and around 1 million deaths in the world every year. Two thirds of both infections and deaths are among children younger than 10. Shigellosis mainly spreads by direct or indirect contact, but water- and food-borne outbreaks are not rare. Material and methods. A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyse characteristics of shigellosis outbreaks in the AP of Vojvodina in the period 1979-2005. Results. During this period 9.083 shigellosis infections were registered, 51,9% of them in 202 shigellosis outbreaks. The leading way of transmission was contact, but water- and food-borne outbreaks were also detected. The average number of infections in contact outbreaks of shigellosis was small - 6.3 infections. The highest average is in water-borne outbreaks - 55.1. Most of the outbreaks were those occurring in families (47.5%) and most of them were registered in august. Discussion. Shigellosis has been mandatory reported in the AP of Vojvodina since 1945 and results of outbreak investigation of this disease were analyzed since 1979. In the first half of this period water was the most common way of agent transmission in shigellosis outbreaks, but in recent 15 years the contact became the leading one. In the last 5 years there was no water-borne shigellosis outbreaks. Almost one third of all outbreaks were imported from Montenegro and Croatia by tourists coming back from those countries. Most of the outbreaks are small outbreaks occurring in families, primarily transmitted by contact. Outbreaks in facilities for care of disabled children and elders are also important. Sh. sonnei and Sh. flexneri are the two serotypes identified, the former in 57.4% and the latter in 40.1% outbreaks. Conclusion. Shigellosis is a disease occurring in the AP of Vojvodina primarily in small outbreaks inside families, transmitted by contact, most often in August and more often caused by Sh. sonnei. Health promotion and strict use of general measures of disease control and prevention are important.

Promoting Maternal Visions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda R. Waggoner
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Care Model ◽  
Pregnancy Care ◽  
Stratified Reproduction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Public Health Promotion

This chapter examines how the pre-pregnancy care model has influenced public health promotion, illustrated through the “Show Your Love” campaign that was created by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2013. This chapter reveals how the campaign’s message drew on and promoted gendered and racialized tropes in its goal of promoting pre-maternal love for future babies and, in so doing, further stratified reproduction. Discussion in this chapter highlights the social control aspects of public health and how the power of this particular messaging potentially reframes practices of “intensive mothering” into an ethic of “anticipatory motherhood.”

scholarly journals The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of urgent surgery: a perspective from the USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhiman Cheeyandira
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
World Health ◽  
Urgent Surgery ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Made In

Abstract Corona virus pandemic has affected all the 50 states in the USA. States such as NY, CA and WA being the most affected. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website, as of 28 March 2020, the total number of cases in the USA is over 103 300 and number of deaths to 1668. In the coming weeks, COVID-19 rates are expected to begin skyrocketing and hit a peak in late April/May/June given lessons learned from China, Italy and others. COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) as confirmed cases approach 575 444 patients with 26 654 deaths across over 160 countries, as of 28 March 2020. There is a lot of impact on management of the urgent and emergent cases. This article highlights the changes that are being made in delivering urgent and emergent surgical care during the pandemic.

Keeping the flu at bay: Methods for detecting and containing infectious disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Atresha Karra, JD ◽  
Emily Cornette, JD
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
United States ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Reporting Requirements ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization

This article focuses on the existing methods for tracking and restricting the spread of communicable diseases, both within United States borders and across nations. It will first describe the roles played by the United States’ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization and will then explore how communicable diseases across the world are identified and monitored. This will be followed by a discussion of US and world reporting requirements and methods. Finally, the article will discuss the tactics used by the United States to control the spread of disease.

scholarly journals Outbreak column 21: Tuberculosis (TB): Still a nosocomial threat

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Evonne T Curran
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nosocomial Transmission ◽  
National Guidance ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

This outbreak column explores the epidemiology and infection prevention guidance on tuberculosis (TB) in the UK. The column finds that, at present, national guidance leaves UK hospitals ill-prepared to prevent nosocomial TB transmission. Reasons for this conclusion are as follows: (1) while TB is predominantly a disease that affects people with ‘social ills’, it has the potential to infect anyone who is sufficiently exposed; (2) nosocomial transmission is documented throughout history; (3) future nosocomial exposures may involve less treatable disease; and (4) current UK guidance is insufficient to prevent nosocomial transmission and is less than that advocated by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

scholarly journals The Necessity to Keep Taking Health Protocols in People Receiving the Covid-19 Vaccine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Aghaei ◽  
Masud Yunesian
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

Although the vaccination has begun in many countries around the world, experts declare that there is a long way to go in coronavirus battle, and it will take a long time for the vaccine to have a significant effect.  Therefore many questions have arisen about “the necessity to keep taking health protocols” and “how long does it take for people to return to normal activities and reduce or even abandon health protocols after receiving the Covid-19 vaccine”. According to CDC (Centers for Disease Control and prevention) reports, significant immunity is expected to occur approximately 2 weeks after receiving the second dose of the vaccine, however getting the vaccine does not mean the end of public health and preventive measures, and all full vaccinated people need to keep taking all health protocols and precautions for the reasons discussed in this letter to editor.

scholarly journals Understanding the Public Discussion About the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Twitter Data: Text Mining Analysis Study

10.2196/25108 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. e25108
Author(s):  
Joanne Chen Lyu ◽  
Garving K Luli
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
The Public ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

Background The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a national public health protection agency in the United States. With the escalating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on society in the United States and around the world, the CDC has become one of the focal points of public discussion. Objective This study aims to identify the topics and their overarching themes emerging from the public COVID-19-related discussion about the CDC on Twitter and to further provide insight into public's concerns, focus of attention, perception of the CDC's current performance, and expectations from the CDC. Methods Tweets were downloaded from a large-scale COVID-19 Twitter chatter data set from March 11, 2020, when the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic, to August 14, 2020. We used R (The R Foundation) to clean the tweets and retain tweets that contained any of five specific keywords—cdc, CDC, centers for disease control and prevention, CDCgov, and cdcgov—while eliminating all 91 tweets posted by the CDC itself. The final data set included in the analysis consisted of 290,764 unique tweets from 152,314 different users. We used R to perform the latent Dirichlet allocation algorithm for topic modeling. Results The Twitter data generated 16 topics that the public linked to the CDC when they talked about COVID-19. Among the topics, the most discussed was COVID-19 death counts, accounting for 12.16% (n=35,347) of the total 290,764 tweets in the analysis, followed by general opinions about the credibility of the CDC and other authorities and the CDC's COVID-19 guidelines, with over 20,000 tweets for each. The 16 topics fell into four overarching themes: knowing the virus and the situation, policy and government actions, response guidelines, and general opinion about credibility. Conclusions Social media platforms, such as Twitter, provide valuable databases for public opinion. In a protracted pandemic, such as COVID-19, quickly and efficiently identifying the topics within the public discussion on Twitter would help public health agencies improve the next-round communication with the public.

scholarly journals Surveillance of COVID-19 in Cameroon: Implications for policymakers and the healthcare system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Bonnechère ◽  
Osman Sankoh ◽  
Sékou Samadoulougou ◽  
Jean Cyr Yombi ◽  
Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Phenomenological Models ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Healthcare Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: At first less impacted than the rest of the world, African countries, including Cameroon, are also facing the spread of COVID-19. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the spread of the COVID-19 in Cameroon, one of the most affected countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: We used the data from the Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, reporting the number of confirmed cases and deaths, and analyzed the regularity of tests and confirmed cases and compared those numbers with neighboring countries. We tested different phenomenological models to model the early phase of the outbreak. Results: Since the first reported cases on the 7th of March, 18,662 people have been diagnosed with COVID-19 as of the 24th of August, 186,243 tests have been performed, and 408 deaths have been recorded. New cases have been recorded only in 50% of the days since the first reported cases. There are considerable disparities in the reporting of daily cases, making it difficult to interpret these numbers and to model the evolution of the pandemic with the phenomenological models. Conclusion: Currently, following the finding from this study, it is challenging to predict the evolution of the pandemic and to make comparisons between countries as screening measures are so sparse. Monitoring should be performed regularly to provide a more accurate estimate of the situation and allocate healthcare resources more efficiently.

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