scholarly journals Semi - automatic positioning of the protective screen based on integration with C-arm X-ray device

2021 ◽  
pp. 2-2
Author(s):  
Vojislav Antic
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Position Correction ◽  
Efficient Level ◽  
Efficient Protection ◽  
Universal Interface ◽  
Occupational Radiation ◽  
Protective Screen

In fluoroscopy guided interventional procedures, ceiling suspended screen is used to protect personel for scattered X-ray radiation arising from patents. The correct positioning of the screen is crucial for proper occupational radiation protection. The proposed solution in this paper provides reliable and efficient protection from scattered radiation, based on X-ray device and the protective screen merging into one system via an appropriate interface. After the initial manual positioning, automatic repositioning of the screen is ?xecuted, by curving the screen laterally, clockwise or counterclockwise, and then with the upper or lower edge forward. All potential clinical situations were analyzed, considering need for screen position correction: the semi-automatic solution is designed and realized to follow the medical procedure in order to keep the efficient level of staff radiation protection. Furthermore, the assessment of the occupational radiation dose, provided for screen position optimization, will be imported in the radiation dose structural report. With application of the universal interface, the presented solution can be applied not only on newly manufactured ones, but on existing C-arm X-ray devices as well.

EVALUATION OF RADIATION DOSE IN DIFFERENT POSITIONS AROUND THE PATIENT TABLE DURING INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY PROJECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Y Lahfi ◽  
A Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Interventional Cardiology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Patient Table ◽  
The Right

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the radiation exposure around the patient table as relative to the cardiologist position dose value. The dose rates at eight points presuming staff positions were measured for PA, LAO 30° and RAO 30° radiographic projections, and then normalized to the cardiologist’s position dose-rate value. The results show that in PA and RAO 30° projections, the normalized dose rate was higher by 9–22% at the right side of the table at a distance of 50 cm, while it was higher up to 31% at the left side for the same measured points in the LAO 30°. The differences of normalized dose rates for the both table sides were lower and decreased at farther positions. The obtained results correspond to the recommendations of staff radiation protection in Cath-labs with regards to X-ray tube and detector positions.

OCCUPATIONAL DOSE AND RADIATION PROTECTION PRACTICE IN UAE: A RETROSPECTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL COHORT STUDY (2002–2016)

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiam Elshami ◽  
Mohamed Abuzaid ◽  
Albert D Piersson ◽  
Ola Mira ◽  
Mohamed AbdelHamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupational Dose ◽  
Occupational Radiation ◽  
Reduction Of Radiation Dose

Abstract A two-phased retrospective cross-sectional study analysed the occupational dose and radiation protection practice among medical workers in two hospitals in the UAE. Phase 1 evaluated radiation protection practice using a questionnaire, whereas phase 2 assessed the occupational dose. Readings of 952 thermoluminescence dosimeters were analyzed. The result showed 52% of medical workers have a good level of radiation protection practice. Readings of 952 thermoluminescence dosimeters were analyzedAverage annual effective dose per worker ranged from 0.39 to 0.83 mSv. Cardiologists and nurses displayed a higher average of occupational radiation dose compared to other workers. There were no significant correlations between radiation protection practice and hospital, occupation or department. Finally, the occupational dose was within the international and national limits, but the reduction of radiation dose to cardiologist and nurses is essential. Moreover, training is essential to promote radiation safe practice among medical workers.

scholarly journals Occupational Radiation Dose, Especially for Eye Lens: Hp(3), in Medical Staff Members Involved in Computed Tomography Examinations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4448
Author(s):  
Minoru Osanai ◽  
Hidenori Sato ◽  
Kana Sato ◽  
Kohsei Kudo ◽  
Masahiro Hosoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Ct Examination ◽  
Radiation Dose Exposure ◽  
Occupational Radiation

Radiation dose management of medical staff has become increasingly important. Particularly, based on the statement by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) in 2011, a new lower equivalent dose limit for the eye lens is being established in each country. Although many reports have discussed the occupational radiation dose in interventional radiology (IR), few studies have examined the dose during computed tomography (CT) examinations. This study investigated the radiation dose exposure to medical staff present in the CT room during irradiation, with particular focus on the exposure to eye lens. The radiation dose exposure to those who assist patients during head, chest and upper abdomen CT examination was measured in a phantom study. The radiation dose exposure with scattered radiation was never negligible (i.e., high); Hp(3) was the highest in head CT examination, at 0.44 mSv per examination. Furthermore, the shielding effect of radiation protection glasses was large, and radiation protection glasses are useful tools for the medical staff who are involved in CT examinations. The justification and optimisation should be carefully considered in assistant actions.

PATIENT DOSE IN DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY UTILISING BMI CLASSIFICATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasileios I Metaxas ◽  
Gerasimos A Messaris ◽  
Aristea N Lekatou ◽  
Theodore G Petsas ◽  
George S Panayiotakis
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Digital Radiography ◽  
Patient Dose ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Diagnostic Radiography

Abstract Dose audit is important towards optimisation of patients’ radiation protection in diagnostic radiography. In this study, the effect of the body mass index (BMI) on radiation dose received by 1869 adult patients undergoing chest, abdomen, lumbar spine, kidneys and urinary bladder (KUB) and pelvis radiography in an X-ray room with a digital radiography system was investigated. Patients were categorised into three groups (normal, overweight and obese) based on the BMI values. The patients’ entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) and the effective dose (ED) were calculated based on the X-ray tube output, exposure parameters and technical data, as well as utilising appropriate conversion coefficients of the recorded kerma area product (KAP) values. The local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs) were established at the 75th percentile of the distribution of ESAK and KAP values. Statistically, a significant increase was found in ESAK, KAP and ED values, for all examinations, both for overweight and obese patients compared to normal patients (Mann–Whitney test, p < 0.0001). Regarding the gender of the patients, a statistically significant increase was found in the dose values for male patients compared to female patients, except for the chest LAT examinations (Mann–Whitney test, p = 0.06). The percentage increase for chest PA, chest LAT, abdomen AP, lumbar spine AP, lumbar spine LAT, pelvis AP and KUB AP in overweight patients was 75%, 100%, 136%, 130%, 70%, 66% and 174% for median ESAK, 67%, 81%, 135%, 134%, 85%, 63% and 172% for median KAP, as well as 89%, 54%, 146%, 138%, 82%, 57% and 183% for median ED values, respectively. For obese patients, the corresponding increases were 200%, 186%, 459%, 345%, 203%, 150% and 785% for median ESAK, 200%, 185%, 423%, 357%, 227%, 142% and 597% for median KAP, as well as 222%, 156%, 446%, 363%, 218%, 136% and 625% for median ED. The corresponding LDRLs for overweight patients were 0.17 mGy, 1.21 mGy, 3.74 mGy, 7.70 mGy, 7.99 mGy, 4.07mGy, 5.03 mGy and 0.13 Gy cm2, 0.69 Gy cm2, 2.35 Gy cm2, 2.10 Gy cm2, 2.59 Gy cm2, 2.13 Gy cm2, 2.49 Gy cm2 in terms of ESAK and KAP values, respectively, while in the case of obese patients were 0.28 mGy, 1.82 mGy, 7.26 mGy, 15.10 mGy, 13.86 mGy, 6.89 mGy, 13.40 mGy and 0.21 Gy cm2, 1.10 Gy cm2, 4.68 Gy cm2, 4.01 Gy cm2, 4.80 Gy cm2, 3.27 Gy cm2, 6.02 Gy cm2, respectively. It can be concluded that overweight and obese patients received a significantly increased radiation dose. Careful adjustment of imaging protocols is needed for these patients to reduce patient dose, while keeping the image quality at an acceptable level. Additional studies need to be conducted for these patient groups, that could further contribute to the development of radiation protection culture in diagnostic radiography.

scholarly journals Occupational Radiation Dose to Eye Lenses in CT-Guided Interventions Using MDCT-Fluoroscopy

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
Yohei Inaba ◽  
Shin Hitachi ◽  
Munenori Watanuki ◽  
Koichi Chida
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Ct Fluoroscopy ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Dose Length Product ◽  
Ct Guided ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Ct System ◽  
Occupational Radiation

In computed tomography (CT)-guided interventions (CTIs), physicians are close to a source of scattered radiation. The physician and staff are at high risk of radiation-induced injury (cataracts). Thus, dose-reducing measures for physicians are important. However, few previous reports have examined radiation doses to physicians in CTIs. This study evaluated the radiation dose to the physician and medical staff using multi detector (MD)CT-fluoroscopy, and attempted to understand radiation-protection and -reduction methods. The procedures were performed using an interventional radiology (IVR)-CT system. We measured the occupational radiation dose (physician and nurse) using a personal dosimeter in real-time, gathered CT-related parameters (fluoroscopy time, mAs, CT dose index (CTDI), and dose length product (DLP)), and performed consecutive 232 procedures in CT-guided biopsy. Physician doses (eye lens, neck, and hand; μSv, average ± SD) in our CTIs were 39.1 ± 36.3, 23.1 ± 23.7, and 28.6 ± 31.0, respectively. Nurse doses (neck and chest) were lower (2.3 ± 5.0 and 2.4 ± 4.4, respectively) than the physician doses. There were significant correlations between the physician doses (eye and neck) and related factors, such as CT-fluoroscopy mAs (eye dose: r = 0.90 and neck dose: r = 0.83). We need to understand the importance of reducing/optimizing the dose to the physician and medical staff in CTIs. Our study suggests that physician and staff doses were not significant when the procedures were performed with the appropriate radiation protection and low-dose techniques.

scholarly journals Occupational radiation exposure of orthopedists at different locations during pedicle screw insertion: An anthropomorphic phantom study

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
Hsien-Wen Chiang ◽  
Re-Wen Wu ◽  
Tsung-Cheng Yin ◽  
Jung-Hui Li ◽  
Yue-Sheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Pedicle Screw ◽  
Scattered Radiation ◽  
Thoracolumbar Spine ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Operating Table ◽  
Flat Panel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Occupational Radiation

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this work was to evaluate orthopedic surgeons’ exposure to occupational radiation doses from scattering using a mobile flat panel C-arm X-ray machine at different standing positions during an intraoperative pedicle screw implantation. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the radiation dose received by medical staff, by applying flat X-ray machine in surgical room during an intraoperative pedicle screw implantation. METHODS: A mobile flat-panel C-arm X-ray machine at a dedicated orthopedic operating room was used to image an anthropomorphic female phantom which was set in a prone position on the operating table. The X-ray was projected horizontally, and 1 minute continuous fluoroscopy was used for lumbar spine and thoracolumbar spine during pedicle screw implantation. Scattering radiation doses to orthopedic surgeons were measured at different standing positions and body heights (50, 100, 150 cm above the ground) with and without limited collimations. RESULTS: The dose area product (DAP) in this experiment is normalized as 343 μGy⋅m2. In the four areas, the lowest scattered radiation measured by DF is 11.2 vs. 0.7 μSv, outside and inside the lead suit, respectively, with or without restricted field, 150 cm above the ground, and the lowest scattered radiation dose inside the lead suit. It is 1.3 vs. 0.5 μSv. Comparing the highest dose of the TF at with the lowest dose of the DF, the average result is 73.7 vs. 11.1 μSv, P< 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Using a mobile flat-panel C-arm X-ray machine during a pedicle screw implantation, the minimum scattering radiation to surgeons was found to be at the terminal DF area based on the analysis of the scattering doses orthopedic surgeons were exposed to.

scholarly journals Radiation protection and the safe use of X-ray equipment: Laws, regulations and responsibilities

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Petrus Herbst ◽  
Gerhard H Fick
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
X Ray

Lately, South Africa’s regulatory framework for electromagnetic medical devices has come under considerable pressure. In this article the legislative framework and regulatory infrastructure are scrutinized, by looking at how the legislature has given form to protective measures against ionizing radiation. Although the Hazardous Substances Act provides for effective protection against radiation, poor administration led to insufficient staffing levels, uncertainty about Regulations and licensing conditions and therefore undermines a sound radiation protection infrastructure. The legal basis of enforcing licensing conditions through a website without proper consultation with interested and affected parties is questionable and ineffective in controlling radiation levels. Effective and legal radiation control is possible by activating the National Advisory Committee on Electronic Products provided for in Regulation R326 published in 1979, but never implemented. The possible impact of annual quality assurance tests currently enforced through licensing conditions on the radiation dose of the population is not cost effective as new training and accreditation structures had to be created. The fact that generally more than 80% of overexposures are caused by human error is a clear indication that training of the daily users of X-ray equipment should be emphasized and not the training and accreditation of the technicians responsible for a single quality assurance test per year. Constructive engagement with the professional bodies involved in the medical use of X-rays through a National Advisory Committee on Electronic Products may be a cost effective solution for lowering radiation dose to the population.

scholarly journals Analisis Dosis Paparan Radiasi Pada General X-Ray II Di Instalasi Radiologi Rumah Sakit Muhammadiyah Semarang

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Ida Septiyanti ◽  
M. Ardhi Khalif ◽  
Edi Daenur Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Radiation Source ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ion Chamber ◽  
Radiation Distribution ◽  
Exposure Distribution

Background: This study analyzes the Radiation Dose of the General X-ray Radiology Installation at Roemani Hospital  Muhammadiyah Semarang to determine the dose received by the radiographer, the community around the room and to know the value of the effectiveness of radiation protection and to determine the pattern of radiation exposure distribution in the general X-ray radiology installation room II.Methods: Measurements were taken during general X-ray exposure and without exposure using a 451P ion chamber survey. Measurement of dose data received by the radiographer and the community around the room is taken at the point of the operator’s room, service room, waiting room. As for the measurement of the effectiveness of radiation protection taken at the point in the operator’s room and the general X-ray II and the radiation distribution pattern taken at points A, B, C, D and E with a distance of 40 cm, 80 cm and 120 cm in the room general X-ray II.Result: The result of measurements in the operator room are 0.0354 µSv / hour, waiting rooms with a distance of 3.5 m at 0.0146 µSv / hour, in the service room and waiting room with a distance of 8 m at 0 µSv / hour. The value of the effectiveness of radiation protection in the operator station is 83.33% and the general X-ray II door is 84.09%.Conclusions: Based on the results of the data obtained the value of the dose received and the value of effectiveness is quite safe from excessive radiation exposure. The radiation distribution pattern, the farther the distance from the radiation source, the measured radiation exposure value will be lower. 

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