A histological evaluation of bone tissue response to a sealer based on calcium hydroxide: An experimental study

Introduction/Objective. The success of endodontic treatment depends on the effective removal of root content, the elimination of infection, and the hermetical sealing of the root system using a compatible material. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the tissue response to the implant of endodontic material based on calcium hydroxide into the bone in the artificially prepared defect in a rat mandible. Methods. The research was carried out on 40 Wistar rats. The artificial defect was made between the midline and the mental foramen on the left side of the mandible. The prepared defect was left to heal spontaneously in animals of the control group, while among the animals of the experimental group the sealer Apexit (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Lichtenstein) was implanted into the experimental defect. The tissue samples consisting of the experimental field and the surrounding bone were microscopically analyzed with a light microscope. Results. During the initial phase, 15 days after the implantation, signs of chronic inflammation were noted and expansion of the Volkmann?s and Haversian canals. On the 30th day after the implantation, osteosynthetic activity and filling with newly-formed bone were noted. Changes were also noted in cement lines in the wider region of the experimental defect. Sixty days following the implantation, the bone was gradually remodeled. Ninety days after the implantation, a restitutio ad integrum was noted. Conclusion. Apexit does not lead to any disruptions in normal reparation processes nor in morphofunctional relations in bone tissue during the remodeling phase.

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Bone Tissue Response to Endomethasone Implanted into the Rat Mandible / Reakcija koštanog tkiva na endometazon implantiran u mandibulu pacova

Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis ◽

10.1515/afmnai-2015-0016 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 155-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marija Nikolić ◽

Jovanka Gašić ◽

Aleksandar Mitić ◽

Jelena Popović ◽

Aleksandra Radovanović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Tissue ◽

Bone Healing ◽

Inflammatory Reaction ◽

Microscopic Analysis ◽

Mental Foramen ◽

Tissue Response ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Rat Mandible ◽

Experimental Group

SUMMARY The aim of the paper was to investigate the tissue response to the implantation of "Endomethasone" (Septodont) in artificially prepared defect in the rat mandible. Sixteen Wistar male rats were used for the experiment. After anesthesia, a defect between the midline and the mental foramen of the left mandible was made (diameter 1.4 mm, 1.6 mm depth) using sterile steel burs. In the defect of the experimental group (12 animals) “Endomethasone“ was implanted while the defect in the control group (4 animals) was left to heal spontaneously. One half of animals of both groups was sacrificed after fifteen days, and the second half after sixty days. The samples consisted of the defect and the surrounding bone. After routine decalcination and processing, the samples were embedded in paraffin, and microscopic preparations were made, on the basis of which a microscopic analysis was performed. Fifteen-day-old specimens showed the early signs of bone resorption, as well as granulated connective tissue, hyperemic blood vessels, fibrin exudate to a lesser extent, with the difference that inflammatory infiltrates were less present in the experimental group. Sixty-day-old specimens demonstrated the degree of bone healing; tissue filling with newly formed bone was significantly more advanced in the control group. Experimental group showed a sign of delay with significant presence of callus tissue that more in the form of focus showed a deposition of the young bone tissue. Endomethasone masks the inflammatory reaction which follows operational procedures. In the long run, according to the results of the present research, Endomethasone can interfere with bone healing by causing delayed inflammatory reaction

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Genes associated with inflammation and bone remodeling are highly expressed in the bone of patients with the early-stage cam-type femoroacetabular impingement

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research ◽

10.1186/s13018-021-02499-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Guanying Gao ◽

Ruiqi Wu ◽

Rongge Liu ◽

Jianquan Wang ◽

Yingfang Ao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Bone Remodeling ◽

Femoroacetabular Impingement ◽

Early Stage ◽

Control Group ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Normal Bone ◽

Impingement Zone

Abstract Background Recent studies have shown high expression levels of certain inflammatory, anabolic, and catabolic genes in the articular cartilage from the impingement zone of the hips with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), representing an increased metabolic state. Nevertheless, little is known about the molecular properties of bone tissue from the impingement zone of hips with FAI. Methods Bone tissue samples from patients with early-stage cam-type FAI were collected during hip arthroscopy for treatment of cam-type FAI. Control bone tissue samples were collected from six patients who underwent total hip replacement because of a femoral neck fracture. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to determine the gene expression associated with inflammation and bone remodeling. The differences in the gene expression in bone tissues from the patients with early-stage cam-type FAI were also evaluated based on clinical parameters. Results In all, 12 patients with early-stage cam-type FAI and six patients in the control group were included in this study. Compared to the control samples, the bone tissue samples from patients with FAI showed higher expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) (P < 0.05). IL-1 expression was detected only in the control group. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in IL-8 expression between the patients with FAI and the control group. The patients with FAI having a body mass index (BMI) of >24 kg/m2 showed higher ALP expression (P < 0.05). Further, the expression of IL-6 and ALP was higher in the patients with FAI in whom the lateral center-edge angle was >30° (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our results indicated the metabolic condition of bone tissues in patients with early-stage cam-type FAI differed from that of normal bone in the femoral head-neck junction. The expression levels of the genes associated with inflammation and bone remodeling were higher in the bone tissue of patients with early-stage cam-type FAI than in the patients with normal bone tissue.

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Clinical and Histological Evaluation of Direct Pulp Capping on Human Pulp Tissue Using a Dentin Adhesive System

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/2591273 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alicja Nowicka ◽

Ryta Łagocka ◽

Mariusz Lipski ◽

Mirosław Parafiniuk ◽

Katarzyna Grocholewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Third Molar ◽

Adhesive System ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Control Group ◽

Single Bond ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Pulp Capping ◽

Hydroxide Group ◽

Dentin Adhesive

Objective. This study presents a clinical and histological evaluation of human pulp tissue responses after direct capping using a new dentin adhesive system. Methods. Twenty-eight caries-free third molar teeth scheduled for extraction were evaluated. The pulps of 22 teeth were mechanically exposed and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: Single Bond Universal or calcium hydroxide. Another group of 6 teeth acted as the intact control group. The periapical response was assayed, and a clinical examination was performed. The teeth were extracted after 6 weeks, and a histological analysis was performed. The pulp status was assessed, and the thickness of the dentin bridge was measured and categorized using a histological scoring system. Results. The clinical phase was asymptomatic for Single Bond Universal patients. Patients in the calcium hydroxide group reported mild symptoms of pain, although the histological examination revealed that dentin bridges with or without limited pulpitis had begun forming in each tooth. The universal adhesive system exhibited nonsignificantly increased histological signs of pulpitis (P>0.05) and a significantly weaker thin mineralized tissue layer (P<0.001) compared with the calcium hydroxide group. Conclusion. The results suggest that Single Bond Universal is inappropriate for human pulp capping; however, further long-term studies are needed to determine the biocompatibility of this agent.

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Immunohistochemical WWOX Expression and Association with Angiogenesis, p53 Expression, Cell Proliferation and Clinicopathological Parameters in Cervical Cancer

Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1618597 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (02) ◽

pp. 079-085 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mariana Seabra ◽

Eduardo Cândido ◽

Paula Vidigal ◽

Rivia Lamaita ◽

Angélica Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Pelvic Lymphadenectomy ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Clinicopathological Parameters ◽

Control Group ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

P53 Expression ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin

Objective The current study evaluated the expression of WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX), its association with clinicopathological features and with p53, Ki-67 (cell proliferation) and CD31 (angiogenesis) expression in patients with invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma (ICSCC). To the best of our knowledge, no other study has evaluated this association. Methods Women with IB stage-ICSCC (n = 20) and women with uterine leiomyoma (n = 20) were prospectively evaluated. Patients with ICSCC were submitted to type B-C1 radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Patients in the control group underwent vaginal hysterectomy. Tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological evaluation and protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry studies. Results The WWOX expression was significantly lower in the tumor compared with the expression in the benign cervix (p = 0.019). The WWOX expression was inversely associated with the CD31 expression in the tumor samples (p = 0.018). There was no association between the WWOX expression with the p53 expression (p = 0.464) or the Ki-67 expression (p = 0.360) in the samples of invasive carcinoma of the cervix. There was no association between the WWOX expression and tumor size (p = 0.156), grade of differentiation (p = 0.914), presence of lymphatic vascular invasion (p = 0.155), parametrium involvement (p = 0.421) or pelvic lymph node metastasis (p = 0.310) in ICSCC tissue samples. Conclusion The results suggested that WWOX may be involved in ICSCC carcinogenesis, and this marker was associated with tumor angiogenesis.

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Bone tissue response to an oily calcium hydroxide suspension in tibial defects. An experimental pilot study in minipigs

Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.jcms.2014.02.004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 42 (7) ◽

pp. 1171-1177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. Mihatovic ◽

M. Payer ◽

M. Bertrams ◽

D. Vasiliu ◽

F. Schwarz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Tissue Response ◽

Oily Calcium Hydroxide Suspension

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Evaluating the Biocompatibility of an Injectable Wound Matrix in a Murine Model

Gels ◽

10.3390/gels8010049 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

Hatem Alnojeidi ◽

Ruhangiz Taghi Kilani ◽

Aziz Ghahary

Keyword(s):

Foreign Body ◽

Foreign Body Reaction ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Control Group ◽

Cellular Infiltration ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Wound Matrix ◽

Injectable Scaffold ◽

Efficient Integration ◽

Cost Efficient

(1) Background: Developing a high-quality, injectable biomaterial that is labor-saving, cost-efficient, and patient-ready is highly desirable. Our research group has previously developed a collagen-based injectable scaffold for the treatment of a variety of wounds including wounds with deep and irregular beds. Here, we investigated the biocompatibility of our liquid scaffold in mice and compared the results to a commercially available injectable granular collagen-based product. (2) Methods: Scaffolds were applied in sub-dermal pockets on the dorsum of mice. To examine the interaction between the scaffolds and the host tissue, samples were harvested after 1 and 2 weeks and stained for collagen content using Masson’s Trichrome staining. Immunofluorescence staining and quantification were performed to assess the type and number of cells infiltrating each scaffold. (3) Results: Histological evaluation after 1 and 2 weeks demonstrated early and efficient integration of our liquid scaffold with no evident adverse foreign body reaction. This rapid incorporation was accompanied by significant cellular infiltration of stromal and immune cells into the scaffold when compared to the commercial product (p < 0.01) and the control group (p < 0.05). Contrarily, the commercial scaffold induced a foreign body reaction as it was surrounded by a capsule-like, dense cellular layer during the 2-week period, resulting in delayed integration and hampered cellular infiltration. (4) Conclusion: Results obtained from this study demonstrate the potential use of our liquid scaffold as an advanced injectable wound matrix for the management of skin wounds with complex geometries.

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Biocompatibility of Calcium Hydroxide - Based Root Canal Sealers: A Histological Study

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.695.243 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 695 ◽

pp. 243-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Monica Monea ◽

Gabriela Bereșescu ◽

Alexandra Stoica ◽

Teodora Ștefănescu

Keyword(s):

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Subcutaneous Tissue ◽

Histological Study ◽

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽

Study Groups ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Control Group ◽

Endodontic Sealers ◽

Root Canal Sealers ◽

Host Tissues

Biocompatibility has been defined as the ability of a material to function in a specific site, in contact with host tissues but without inducing any undesirable local or systemic reaction.The aim of this study is to evaluate the biocompatibility of calcium hydroxide-based endodontic sealers and to compare it with a resin-based material, by measuring the degree of inflammation induced by these products after subcutaneous implantation in rats. We used 12 animals divided in 3 study groups and 1 control group; implants with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), AH26 and Sealapex were placed in subcutaneous tissue and histological evaluation was carried out after 7, 14 and 21 days. We obtained comparable results between MTA and Sealapex, which demonstrates that these materials have similar degrees of biocompatibility. Based on this experimental study, calcium hydroxide containing cements express similar biocompatibilities. Further clinical studies are necessary in order to evaluate the healing properties and apical seal of these materials.

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The thickness of odontoblast-like cell layer after induced by propolis extract and calcium hydroxide

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v49.i1.p17-21 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Irfan Dwiandhono ◽

Ruslan Effendy ◽

Sri Kunarti

Keyword(s):

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Cell Layer ◽

Tissue Response ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Bacterial Invasion ◽

Direct Pulp Capping ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Propolis Extract ◽

Pulp Capping ◽

Pulp Inflammation

Background: Propolis is a substance made from resin collected by bees (Apis mellifera) from variety of plants, mixed with its saliva and various enzymes to build a nest. Propolis has potential antimicrobial and antiinflammatory agents with some advantages over calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Ca(OH)2 has been considered as the “gold standard” of direct pulp-capping materials, but there are still some weakness of its application. First, it can induce pulp inflammation which last up to 3 months. Second, the tissue response to Ca(OH)2 is not always predictable. Third, the tunnel defect can probably formed in dentinal bridge with possible bacterial invasion in that gap. Purpose: This study was aimed to determine and compare the thickness of odontoblast-like cells layer after induced by propolis extract and Ca(OH)2 in rat’s pulp tissue. Method: Class 1 preparation was done in maxillary first molar tooth of wistar mice until the pulp opened. The Ca(OH)2 and propolis extract was applied to induce the formation of odontoblast-like cells, the cavity was filled with RMGIC. The teeth were extracted (after 14 and 28 days of induction). The samples were then processed for histological evaluation. Result: There were significant differences between the thickness of odontoblast-like cells after induced by propolis extract and Ca(OH)2. Conclusion: The propolis extract as the direct pulp capping agent produces thicker odontoblast-like cell layer compared to Ca(OH)2.

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The effect of zinc oxide based sealer on bone defects healing

Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije ◽

10.1515/sdj-2016-0016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 159-166

Author(s):

Marija Nikolić ◽

Jelena Popović ◽

Jovanka Gašić ◽

Radomir Barac

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Connective Tissue ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Healing Process ◽

Mental Foramen ◽

Control Group ◽

Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Cell ◽

Tissue Healing ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Summary Introduction Obturation as the final phase of endodontic treatment aims to provide complete hermetic filling along the entire length of the canal system from the coronal opening to the apical end. The aim of this study was to evaluate histological response of bone tissue on the implantaton of zinc oxide based material in artificially prepared defect in the mandible of rats. Material and method For the experiment, sixteen male Wistar rats were used. Using sterile steel burs a defect was made in mandible, between the midline and mental foramen. Zinc oxide based sealer was implanted in the defects of experimental group while the defects of control group healed spontaneously. One half of animals in both groups were sacrificed after thirty days, and the second half after ninety days. Microscopic preparations consisted of the defect with surrounding bone and after processing were analysed using light microscopy. Results The thirtieth day after implantation of the material, fibrovascular connective tissue was noted, with scant chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate. Away from the experimentally made defect, in the depth of the bone, lamellar bone with well-formed larger osteons was noted as well as enlarged Volkmann and Haversian canals. Ninety days after implantation of the material, there was no restitutio ad integrum, but intense focal remodelling of bone tissue was noted. Conclusion Endomethasone N slowed down bone tissue healing process by showing the signs of prolonged inflammation in bone tissue in which it has been implanted. Extension of the healing process is reflected in the slow replacement of fibrovascular connective tissue with newly formed bone tissue.

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Biological Tissue Response to a New Formulation of a Silicone Based Endodontic Sealer

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201600719 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 657-663 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Flávia Emi Razera Baldasso ◽

Patrícia Maria Poli Kopper ◽

Renata Dornelles Morgental ◽

Liviu Steier ◽

José Antônio Poli de Figueiredo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subcutaneous Tissue ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Negative Control ◽

Tissue Response ◽

Biological Behavior ◽

Control Group ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

New Formulation ◽

Post Hoc

Abstract Satisfactory biological behavior is a necessary requirement for clinical application of endodontic materials. In this study, the connective tissue responses to silicone (GuttaFlow 2), epoxy resin (AH Plus) and zinc oxide and eugenol (Endofill) based sealers were compared. Twelve Wistar rats had polyethylene tubes (four per animal) containing one of the tested sealers and empty tubes (negative control) implanted in their subcutaneous tissue. The tubes were randomly placed 2 cm from the spine and at least 2 cm apart from one another. Tissue samples with implants were processed for histological analysis after 7 or 60 days (n=6 animals per period). Inflammatory cells, fibrous condensation and abscess were scored according to their intensity. Friedman, followed by Dunn's post hoc, was used to compare sealers. Differences between the two experimental periods were verified using Mann-Witney U test (p<0.05). At 7 days, most of the histological parameters showed no significant differences amongst groups. Endofill group scored higher than the others for giant cells (o<0.05) and promoted a greater number of samples presenting abscess formation. GuttaFlow 2 tended to show a less intense inflammatory infiltrate compared to the other materials. At 60 days, there were no significant differences between groups in most of the histological parameters evaluated. However, it was observed that Endofill scored higher for macrophages (p<0.05) compared to the control group, and GuttaFlow 2 tended to present lower scores than the others for neutrophils and abscess. GuttaFlow 2 showed proper biological behavior and should be considered adequate for clinical practice.

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