scholarly journals Post-communist structural and values inequalities: Occupational-class basis for democratic consolidation

Sociologija ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-136
Author(s):  
Nikolai Tilkidjiev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Communist Country ◽  
High Status ◽  
Democratic Values ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Status Hierarchy ◽  
The Status ◽  
European Values

The data analysis from "Democratic Values" Project leads to the conclusion that there is a distinct subjective hierarchy among post-communist countries, between respondents from lagging and outpacing countries. Comparative analysis of the numerous data shows clearly how the commitment of respondents in these countries to democratic changes and democratic values is distinctly differentiated according to the degree of economic and political development of their societies and the degree of success achieved in their transition. On the other hand, there is a significant differentiation of opinions of respondents according to the status group or occupational class to which each person belongs. The reduction of social class groups to five basic occupational classes, a reduction based on classical and contemporary studies of social stratification, and the comparative analysis realized on this basis, convincingly support the conclusion that there is a sustained correlation: a clearly shaped status hierarchy with regard to acceptance of democratic values. This status hierarchy is valid within the frameworks of each separate post-communist country, regardless of their different degrees of success in the transition. A number of interesting illustrations are adduced, repeating and reconfirming on various occasions the stable link between status and attitudes with regard to individualism and collectivism, liberalism and statism, egalitarianism, the acceptance of the market economy principles, the acceptance of democracy or of socialism as concepts and practice, the attitude towards totalitarian and dictatorial regimes, the degree of consolidation around European values, etc. To sum it up, the outpacing and lagging countries in the post-communist transition look alike in their high-status groups and differ in their low-status strata.

Ideology and the maintenance of group inequality

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 582-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Major ◽  
Cheryl R. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Group Differences ◽  
High Status ◽  
Status Hierarchy ◽  
The Status ◽  
Group Inequality ◽  
Legitimizing Ideologies

This article discusses the role that ideology plays in justifying and perpetuating group-based inequality. We begin by defining and describing status ideologies and their characteristics. We then review research illustrating how endorsing or rejecting status-legitimizing ideologies influences group stereotyping, group differences in perceived entitlement, and perceptions of discrimination. We next discuss how people respond to threats to their status ideology, affectively, cognitively, physiologically, and behaviorally. We close by considering the role of ideology in how high status groups respond to changes in the status hierarchy.

scholarly journals INTRAGROUP STRUCTURING OF STUDENT GROUPS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SECURITY OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-149
Author(s):  
Е.В. Эгамбердиева
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
High Status ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
The Status ◽  
Average Students ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Perception Of Security ◽  
The University

Изучалось интрагрупповое структурирование студенческих групп и психологическая безопасность личности в образовательной среде. Рассмотрены современные исследования по проблемам психологической безопасности и статусного структурирования. Проведен сравнительный анализ различий между 1, 3 и 5 курсами учащихся вуза. Выявлены достоверные различия в интрагрупповом структурировании между группами 1-го и 3-го курсов и 3-го курса и 5-го курса, что объясняется уровнем развития, на котором находятся каждая из исследуемых групп. Также был проведен сравнительный анализ оценки восприятия защищенности и удовлетворенности образовательной средой вуза у студентов разных статусных категорий. Обнаружены достоверные различия в оценке психологической безопасности между лидерами студенческих групп, среднестатусными студентами и аутсайдерами. Установлено, что среднестатусные учащиеся больше удовлетворены характеристиками образовательной среды, чем лидеры; низкостатусные студенты высоко оценивают удовлетворенность характеристиками образовательной среды, но при этом чувствуют себя менее защищенными в среде вуза. Выявлено, что при среднем уровне удовлетворенности образовательной средой высокостатусные студенты чувствуют себя более психологически защищенными, чем низкостатусные. Сделан вывод, что статусное структурирование студенческой группы может выступать как один из показателей, влияющих на оценку студентами психологической безопасности в вузе. Для повышения безопасности образовательной среды вуза необходимо проводить социально-психологическую работу в студенческих группах, нацеленную на повышение статуса студентов, особенно из числа аутсайдеров. Полученные данные могут быть полезными при выстраивании системы воспитательной работы в вузе. We studied the intragroup structuring of student groups and the psychological security of the individual in the educational environment. Modern research on the problems of psychological security and status structuring is considered. A comparative analysis of the differences between the 1st, 3rd and 5th courses was carried out. Significant differences in intragroup structuring between the 1st year and 3rd year groups, the 3rd year and 5th year groups were revealed, which is associated with the level of development at which each of the studied groups is located. A comparative analysis of the assessment of the perception of security and satisfaction with the educational environment of the university among students of different status categories was also carried out. Significant differences in the assessment of psychological safety between the leaders of student groups, average students and outsiders were found. It is established that the average students are more satisfied with the characteristics of the educational environment than the leaders; Low-status students highly assess their satisfaction with the characteristics of the educational environment, but at the same time they feel less protected in the university environment.It was revealed that with an average level of satisfaction with the educational environment, high-status students feel more psychologically protected than low-status students. It is concluded that the status structuring of the student group can act as one of the indicators that affect the students ' assessment of psychological security at the university. To increase the safety of the educational environment of the university, it is necessary to conduct socio-psychological work in student groups aimed at improving the status of students, especially from among outsiders. The obtained data can be useful in building a system of educational work in the university.

Police Department and Slavophil Political Discourse

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 123-136
Author(s):  
Lyubov V. Ulyanova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article analyzes the political discourse of the officials of the main political surveillance structure, – the Police Department, – in the period of 1880s (organization of the Department) and until October, 1905, when the Western-type Constitution project finally prevailed. The comparative analysis of the conceptual instruments (“Constitutionalists”, “Oppositionists”, “Radicals”, “Liberals”) typically used in the Police Department allows one to come o the conclusion that the leaders of the Russian empire political police did not follow the “reactionary and protective” discourse, did not share its postulates, but preferred the moderate-liberal-conservative path of political development. Along with that, the Police Department also demonstrated loyal attitude to zemsky administration and zemsky figures, covert criticism of “bureaucratic mediastinum”, the tendency to come to an agreement with public figures through personal negotiations, intentional omittance of reactionary and protective repressive measures in preserving autocracy. All this allows to come to the conclusion that the officials of the Police Department shares Slavophil public and political doctrine.

К вопросу анализа природы развития стартап-компаний в экономическом пространстве РФ: проблемные аспекты и пути их решения, влияние экон. преобразований на совр. этапе; сравнит. ан-з с заруб. странами

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Михаил Геннадьевич Чепрасов ◽  
Карина Аскаровна Агадилова ◽  
Игорь Олегович Мячин
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Business Incubators ◽  
Business Angels ◽  
Venture Investment ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Status

В данной статье рассматриваются особенности становления российских стартап-компаний, ключевые проблемы развития и пути их решения. Проведен сравнительный анализ отечественных и зарубежных стартапов, где инновационные компании стали опорой экономики. Проанализирована статистика по состоянию стартапов России в настоящее время. Авторами отмечены главные предпосылки, которые ведут стартапы к провалу. Особое внимание уделено современным возможностям их финансирования. В статье описаны такие технологии финансирования как венчурное инвестирование, спонсирование бизнес-ангелами, государственная поддержка инновационных компаний, многоаспектная помощь бизнес-инкубаторов. Учтены преимущества и пробелы каждой из приведенных форм. This article discusses the features of the formation of Russian start-up companies, key development problems and ways to solve them. A comparative analysis of domestic and foreign startups, where innovative companies have become the backbone of the economy. Analyzed statistics on the status of startups in Russia at the present time. The authors noted the main prerequisites that lead startups to failure. Particular attention is paid to the modern possibilities of their financing. The authors described such financing technologies as venture investment, sponsorship by business angels, government support for innovative companies, multidimensional assistance from business incubators. Take into account the advantages and gaps of each of these forms.

scholarly journals Social Structures in Transition: Applications of Two Theories to Chiefdoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 237802311877175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Emanuelson ◽  
David Willer
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Theory ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
High Status ◽  
Structural Form ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Status Characteristics Theory ◽  
The Third ◽  
Status Characteristics ◽  
The Status ◽  
Lineage Structure

Status characteristics theory and elementary theory are applied to explain developments through three structural forms that chiefdoms are known to take. Theoretic models find that downward mobility inherent in the first form, the status-lineage structure, destabilizes its system of privilege. As a consequence, high-status actors are motivated to find mechanisms to preserve and enhance privilege. By engaging in hostile relations with other chiefdoms, high-status actors offer protection to low-status others from real or imagined threats. Through that protection, they gain tribute and support. The result is structural change from influence based on status to power exercised through indirect coercion, the second structural form. In settled societies, accumulation through war and selective redistribution contribute to separation of warrior and commoner rankings. That separation leads to the third structural form, direct coercive chiefdom.

scholarly journals Vocationalization of education in Kenya: the Classroom Practice and the Learners’ Responsibilities for Change in the 21st Century

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Samson Ondigi ◽  
Henry Ayot ◽  
Kiio Mueni ◽  
Mary Nasibi
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Classroom Practice ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Successful Recovery ◽  
Common Practices ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The essence of education is to prepare an individual for lifelong experiences after schooling. Education as offered in schools today is expected to give the teacher a chance to impart knowledge and skills in the learner, and for the learner to be informed and be able to put into practice what has been gained in the course of time. The Kenyan curriculum and goals of education are clearly stipulated if followed to the latter. Basically, the classroom practice by both the teachers and the learners exhibit an academic rather than a dual system that is expected to meet the needs of both the individual and those of the communities which form subsets of the society at large. It is upon this premise that education of a given country must prepare its individuals in schools so as to meet the goals of education at any one given time of a country’s history. This paper looks at the perspective of vocationalization of education in Kenyan at this century. The history of education ever since independence in 1963 by focusing on the Ominde commission through the Koech report of 1999 have been emphatic that education must meet the national goals of education as stipulated in the curriculum. But what is edging the practice that has not revolutionalized the socio-economic, cultural and political development of Kenya? Differentiated Instruction is a teaching theory based on the premise that instructional approaches should vary and be adapted in relation to individual and diverse students in classroom aimed at achieving diversified learning and common practices in the career. The challenges herein are: where have we gone wrong as a nation, what is the practice in the classroom, when can the nation be out of this dilemma, who is to blame for the status quo and finally what is the way forward? By addressing these questions, the education system will be responsive to the changes in time and Kenya will be on the path to successful recovery.

scholarly journals Search in Criminal Procedure of Russia and Germany: Comparative Legal Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01159
Author(s):  
Anton Shamne
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The article compares the Criminal Procedural Codes provisions of the Russian Federation and the Federal Republic of Germany that regulate conducting a search as an investigative act. It also provides and compares the definitions of the concept “search” and “dwelling” given in Russian and German criminal procedural legislation. The reasons for conducting the search in general and the search of dwelling are considered, similarities and differences are revealed in relation to the status of the subject who is under the search. The author characterizes the search of dwelling and gives a comparative analysis of this investigative action as well as the notion of “urgent cases” in both countries. The authors also proposed some brief recommendations for improving the norms of the Russian Federation Criminal Procedure Code.

scholarly journals КHIBI – KHDTUBA – KHUBA: 90 years of history

New Collegium ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (102) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
O. Soloshenko
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Research Work ◽  
High Status ◽  
University History ◽  
National University ◽  
The Status ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Post War ◽  
The University

2020 is a jubilee year for Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture. The article is devoted to the analysis and presentation of the main pages of the University history. Emphasis is placed on the causes and peculiarities of the events that are connected with the foundation of the building institute in 1930. Among the basic stages of history, the attention is drawn to its creation and importance of preparation of qualified personnel of builders and architects during industrialization; features of work of institute during the Second World War and during post-war restoration; rapid development of KHIBI in 1950th – opening of new specialities and formation of scientific schools, expansion of a contingent of students, including the beginning of preparation of foreign listeners is marked. In the following decades there was a steady development and expansion of the structure of the university, cooperation with foreign higher educational institutions, introduction of scientific achievements of teachers of the institute into production. At the time of Ukraine's independence, new tendencies in higher education (humanization of the scientific process, introduction of new methods of teaching and control of students' knowledge, activation of research work in accordance with the requirements of national and world science, etc.) are being implemented – granting the status of a university, and later the status of a national university. The author notes the main achievements of the University during the leadership of each of the directors / rectors of KHIBI – KHTUBA – KHNUBA. The prospects of KHIBI development are determined by its high status of a higher educational institution in the architectural and construction area of modern Ukraine and the potential of its staff. At the end of the article it is concluded that the university has an outstanding history, which was created by teachers, scientists, employees, students and graduates of the university, each of whom made a significant contribution to the achievements of our Alma Mater.

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