scholarly journals Emergence of problem areas in the urban structure of post-socialist Zagreb

Spatium ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Slavuj ◽  
Marin Cvitanovic ◽  
Vedran Prelogovic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Transition ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
City Development ◽  
Spatial Transformations ◽  
Morphological Transformations ◽  
The City ◽  
Spatial Plan

The period of economic transition has resulted in complex social, functional and morphological transformations which have left their mark in the urban structure of Zagreb. At the beginning of 2000' fundamental planning acts have been passed - Zagreb spatial plan and the City Master Plan - to serve as concrete strategies and guidelines in developing the city area. However, none of the regulatory rules and acts have been completely successful in managing the city development. Significant changes and problems the city is facing in the post-socialist era serve as a research framework and are discussed in this paper. The main goal is to register and explain crucial causes of these spatial transformations. Based on the research of cartographic sources and conducted fieldwork four representative types of problem areas of the city are recognized. According to their functional and morphological characteristics, they are: converted urban land areas, derelict areas, newly built areas and densified areas. Each of these four types of problem areas is individually analyzed in the context of possible negative consequences on the urban environment.

scholarly journals URBAN CONVERSION IN THE CONTEXT OF VILNIUS CITY DEVELOPMENT ACCORDING TO SOLUTIONS OF MASTER PLAN FOR 2015

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Rūta Leitanaitė
Keyword(s):  
City Centre ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
City Development ◽  
Family Housing ◽  
Industrial Zones ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

Following the principles of sustainable development, one of the priorities, set in the new Master Plan of Vilnius, is development of a compact city. One of the instruments to achieve it is urban conversion. A convertible territory is a territory, which doesnt correspond to city‘s development priorities, its urban structure, or is injurious to the environment. There are two types of convertible territories defined in Vilnius: the former or is existing industrial zones and territories of collective gardens. Convertible territories are set after analysing them by criteria describing their impact on the city’s urban, environmental, economic, social qualities. When setting the regulations of conversion and future function of a territory, future sustainable connections with the adjacent urban and functional structures are the essential thing. The main principle of urban conversion is the multifunctional use, accentuating the necessity of public, social infrastructure. The regulations for convertible areas are analogous to the ones set for newly developing areas. The main part of the former industrial territories is to be converted into multifunctional (residential, commercial, public) zones, giving priority to the ones located in the city centre or local centres. All the territories of collective gardens are to be converted into single-family housing areas. The process of implementation of the regulation and control of urban conversion isn’t unquestionable. Improvements of the method are suggested referring to the experience of other European cities. Urbanistinė konversija Vilniaus miesto plėtros kontekste pagal bendrojo plano 2015 metams sprendinius Santrauka Pateikta Vilniaus BP konvertuojamų teritorijų samprata ir tipai, aptariamas jų potencialo nustatymo būdas. Pristatoma konvertuotinų teritorijų Vilniaus mieste identifikavimo metodika; apžvelgta teikiama Vilniaus miesto savivaldybės teritorijos bendrajame plane iki 2015 metų teritorijų konversijos reglamentų nustatymo metodika bei konversijos reglamentų siūlymai konkrečioms miesto teritorijoms. Aptariami teritorijų konversijos sprendinių įgyvendinimo ir reguliavimo Lietuvoje mechanizmo trūkumai bei Europos miestų patirtis šioje srityje, išskiriant optimalius metodus. Apžvelgiama urbanistinės konversijos reguliavimo problema žemesnio nei bendrasis planas rango teritorijų planavimo dokumentuose.

scholarly journals Changes of Spatial Characteristics: Socio-Cultural Sustainability in Historical Neighborhood in Beijing, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6212
Author(s):  
Huiming Liu ◽  
Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
City Development ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Spatial Continuity ◽  
Cultural Sustainability ◽  
The City ◽  
Beijing China

This paper uses a typological approach as a tool to establish an analytical framework from a physical perspective to understand ‘place‘ and to identify key spatial characteristics that could adapt to local needs to deliver socio-cultural sustainability. Six representative housing types with their spaces and uses that were introduced in a historic neighborhood in Beijing, China are selected as case studies. Their morphological characteristics at the building, open space and neighborhood scales are examined, and typological transformations among the cases in terms of the degree of spatial continuity are identified. The paper proposes an analytical framework consisting of fifteen indicators to assess socio-cultural sustainability at the different morphological scales (building, open space and block/neighborhood) of the residents of the six cases. The score of changes from its original design is brought into calculations of continuities of spatial characteristics, which present the transitions and transformations of morphological characteristics in relation to adaptation of local needs and uses. The analysis results show that the spatial characteristics were changed when political-socioeconomic ideologies changed, and local needs and uses were transformed to follow these mutations, and finally, the methods of use in different morphological scales mostly differed from historical norms. Although the continuities of spatial characteristics were significantly changed, they are positively and continually accommodating the transformations and transitions of local needs and uses. On the other hand, the invariant spatial characteristics are important, which last despite transformation of the city development and changing of political-social-economic ideologies, and could be maintained for future development to enhance sociocultural sustainability.

The ‘Closed/Open’ Duality in Contemporary Urban Form

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Melinda Benko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Conceptual Tool ◽  
New Type ◽  
The City ◽  
Time Density ◽  
System Today

One of the innumerable ways to systemise contemporary European urban projects is to analyse the urban form originates from the master-plan concept. The duality of closed and open urban situations is an excellent conceptual tool for classification. This classification helps us to recognise, understand and represent the diversity of the city, as it is present on each level of a settlement and architecture. In the case of “Solid-oriented” projects construction and emplacement of buildings are the main goals. The principle of “Solid-oriented” projects are based on two very different, still existing traditions One is the classical European closed block structure, while the other one is the Modernist open urban system. Today we can identify two new approaches combining those two traditions in different ways. Urban transparency preserves streets, the effect of enclosure, and the dominance of buildings. At the same time density is coupled with spaciousness, blocks are fractured and the environment becomes more complex even within one block. The in-between method, based on the idea of structuralism, attempts to balance the importance of mass and space and creates permeable blocks in a new open urban structure. Besides creating urban volumes or buildings in the city, there is a new type of challenge in contemporary urban design. Since the 1990's attention has shifted to cityscape, i.e. to re-interpreting and reforming open spaces. The international literature calls this un-volumetric architecture. The duality of openness and closedness also appears here. While openness seems to dominate urban situations in contemporary cities, buildings are predominantly used in a closed manner.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis Of Land Use Changes Towards Banjarbaru City's Regional Spatial Plan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Setya Etika Mulyasari ◽  
Suyanto Suyanto ◽  
Gusti M. Hatta ◽  
Bambang Joko Priatmadi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Vacant Land ◽  
City Development ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Wetland Agriculture ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Spatial Plan

Banjarbaru City is one of the cities in South Kalimantan Province which is developing quite rapidly from year to year. Hence,  it is necessary to research and study changes in land use and their suitability with the city development plan. The purpose of this study is to examine changes in the area and types of land use changes in Banjarbaru City within a period of 8 years, from 2013 to 2021, determine the rate of land use change, and assess the suitability of land use changes to the applicable Banjarbaru City spatial plan. This research method is an overlay to see changes in land use and the suitability of changes in land use with the direction of spatial functions in the Regional Spatial Plan. The result of this research is that in an area of ​​16,414.00 ha (53.7%) there is a change in land use in Banjarbaru City in the period 2013-2021. The biggest land use changes are dry land agriculture, vacant land, wetland agriculture, housing, and villages. The use of dry land  and agricultural land has the largest decrease in area, which is 15,090.71 ha or a decrease of 365.5%. The use of vacant land increased in an area of ​​14,715.684 hectares or an increase of almost 4 times. Wetland agriculture has decreased in an area which is reduced by 986.55 ha or decreased by 65.8%. The use of land for housing/residential in the form of housing or villages has also undergone considerable changes. The use of residential land has increased by 528.105 hectares (44.626%) and the village area to 444.32 ha (21.2%). The suitability of land use with the RTRW in Banjarbaru City is 16,742.86 ha (54.8%) categorized as appropriate, while an area of ​​13,779.69 ha (45.2%) is categorized as not in accordance with the applicable RTRW.

scholarly journals Functional and Morphological Transformations of the Urban Block—Contribution to the Expected Modernization of Zagreb’s Historical Core

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 4184-4206
Author(s):  
Sanja Gašparović ◽  
Tihomir Jukić ◽  
Ana Mrđa
Keyword(s):  
Special Focus ◽  
City Development ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Historical Center ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Morphological Transformations ◽  
The City ◽  
Functional Transformations ◽  
Graphic Interpretation

The paper explores the possibilities of the structural and functional transformation of blocks in the historical center of Zagreb as a part of modernization after many years of neglect as well as earthquakes in 2020. The research aims to determine how the existing block tissue corresponds with the needs of today’s residents and the possibility of its improvement. The historical circumstances in which the blocks were formed and underwent the most significant changes and modern processes that affect the state and value are determined. There is a special focus on the interior of the block (courtyards), as well as on the spaces on the ground floors of street facades, where numerous, unexplored changes can be observed. The findings provide starting points for desirable structural–functional transformations of blocks and stem from the synthesis and interpretation of knowledge from four interrelated parts of the research. The characteristics of blocks have changed during city development stages, as depicted by an analysis and graphic interpretation of historical maps and urban plans (1864–2021). Influences of modern processes on changes of the city are determined on the basis of the synthesis of previous research from different interdisciplinary points of view; a detailed analysis of the structural–functional changes is conducted on the example of three selected blocks. Transformation models for three selected blocks are proposed.

scholarly journals Methodological approachesto the management of territorial development of the city in the conditions of digitalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
S. A. Ershova ◽  
◽  
T. N. Orlovskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
City Management ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
City Development ◽  
Plan Implementation ◽  
Development Management ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The City

The digital transformation of the city development management, the development of information base for the implementation of plans and programs on improvement of the urban environment quality is an urgent task. The article considers methodological approaches to the formation of a methodological basis for digital transformation of the city territorial development management system. The authors have carried out an analysis of scientific works in the field of the city management digitalization and legislative acts concerning the procedure for monitoring of the City Master Plan implementation. Based on the results of the research, the principles and objectives of monitoring are indicated, and an algorithm for the formation of the system of monitoring indicators is proposed aimed at assessing the efficiency of the City Master Plan implementation.

URBANISTINIŲ TENDENCIJŲ POVEIKIS MIESTO CENTRO RENOVACIJAI

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Bardauskienė ◽  
Mindaugas Pakalnis
Keyword(s):  
Planning System ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Urban Issues ◽  
The City

A city centre is an integral part of the overall urban model of the city and its metropolitan area. Therefore, the centre is influenced by the same urban trends. Renovation of the centre and devastated inner areas is related to the chaotic suburbanization trend. This trend is known as urban sprawl. It sucks viable powers (people, investments) from the city, which reflects in the loss of density of the existing urban structure as well as unaesthetic landscapes and threatens the revitalization of the existing urban structures and centres. The research on master plans of cities show their nonconformity to the demographic situation, which makes it impossible to avoid negative consequences of urban spread, growing use of resources, car dependency and pollution. New housing is developed to satisfy market needs, whereas the public interest is ignored. Based on the theoretical and practical research, the authors came to the conclusion that there is a need for a coordinated urban/rural policy and a realistic integrated territorial planning system as well as related monitoring and implementation tools. The EU policy documents and resolutions of National urban forums, which serve as a strong public think tank and monitoring tool in Lithuania, can serve as the guide for the sustainable development. The urban issues should be integrated into the National strategy for 2030. Santrauka Miesto centras yra integruota viso miesto ir jo metropolinės zonos dalis, jį veikia tos pačios urbanistinės tendencijos. Sąlygų miestų centrams renovuoti, degraduojančioms teritorijoms atsinaujinti ir kompaktiškumui pasiekti susiformavimas ar, jei pripažįstame, kad plėtrą galima valdyti, sudarymas, yra susijęs su chaotiškos priemiesčių suburbanizacijos mastu. Nevaldomos priemiesčių suburbanizacijos reiškinys tarptautiniuose mokslo darbuose, politikos dokumentuose vadinamas urbanistiniu sprogimu. Lietuvoje urbanistinis sprogimas išryškėjo XXI a. pradžioje, jį lemia įvairūs sociokultūriniai veiksniai. Atlikti tyrimai rodo, kad urbanistinis sprogimas reikalauja miestų renovacijos išteklių, blogina miestų demografinę situaciją, didina energijos vartojimą, automobilių skaičių bei viešosios infrastruktūros poreikį. Chaotiškos priemiesčių suburbanizacijos problemų neišsprendžia fizinės aplinkos projektavimas, atsietas nuo socialinio, ekonominio planavimo. Jis daugiausia sprendžia komercinius uždavinius. Remdamiesi pasaulinio garso urbanistų teiginiais, ES urbanistinės politikos gairėmis, atliktais Lietuvos urbanistinių tendencijų tyrimais, Vilniaus miesto monitoringo ataskaitos duomenimis, autoriai teigia, kad chaotiškas priemiesčių urbanizavimas yra nei funkcionalus, nei estetiškas, nei palankus miestų urbanistinių struktūrų, tarp jų ir centrų, renovacijai. Jis gali būti įveiktas tik numatant kompleksines, koordinuotas urbanistinės politikos, teritorijų planavimo ir įgyvendinimo priemones.

scholarly journals Sustainable urban regeneration of brownfield sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
Elena Zaletova ◽  
Svetlana Ismagilova ◽  
Yulia Arsenteva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Spatial Transformations ◽  
Structural Density ◽  
Morphological Transformations ◽  
The City ◽  
Further Development

Nowadays regeneration of warehouse zones and former industrial areas of the city is becoming one of the most relevant strategies for cities’ sustainable development. The main purpose of the research is to identify the methods and principles of structural and spatial transformations of existing urban areas. The research formulates the need to rethink the attitude to urban planning in general, as well as reveals the warehouse zones’ («Brownfields») potential for sustainable development while their integrated use. On the example of the industrial territory in Kazan, there were developed the principles and methods of structural-density and morphological transformations, which can be used in projects for sustainable development and transformation of existing urbanized settlements. A formalized model of study area’s structural reorganization is constructed, on the basis of which the identified principles of regeneration are tested.The obtained results make it possible to formulate the basic principles underlying structural and planning transformations of warehouse zones and to create its urban planning renovation model. The developed practical methods of implementing such strategies can be applied in the further development of urbanized territories, both new and existing ones.

scholarly journals Traditions and innovations in the structure of the center of the historic city

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
L. Skoryk
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Large City ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
City Development ◽  
City Center ◽  
The City

The article examines the main ways of resolving permanent contradictions between the historical features of the center of a large city and the modern needs of society in the process of urban modernization, taking into account the particular complexity of the problem of reconstructing their central parts. The town-planning substance of the city center, which was formed over the centuries, has outstanding architectural and historical advantages, the need to preserve and multiply them has ceased to be the subject of discussion; today it is recognized as an act of special social, cultural, aesthetic and moral significance. At the same time, intensive urban growth, the evolution of society and its needs, involves the development and transformation of the whole system of cultural and public services of the city, the highest level of which is a city center, capable of It is the center of the city that has a concentrated imagination of the unusualness, much needed for city residents, too uniform in the processes of technological progress. With undoubted merits aimed at raising the civilizational level, these processes are inseparable from the threat of erasing individual traits and various spheres of life and human activity. This fact underlies emotionally – an aesthetic phenomenon, as today is the pronounced gravitation of the inhabitants of anonymous areas of cities to the uniqueness of historical urban environment in one way or another stored in the historical centers of large urban integrating various parts of the urban structure into a holistic urban formations. The connection of times in the process of city development should ensure the continuity of the path from historical experience to the realization of existing needs and from it to the notions of the future, which gives grounds for determining promising goals already in the present reality. Ensuring the continuity of the path of historical development of the city while preserving the integrity and individuality of its image requires the development of characteristic methods of its formation that simultaneously meet modern requirements. The relationship between the categories of traditions and innovation determines continuity as the main condition for the progressive movement in the development of cultural values, and is primarily in architecture and town-building art, forming the environment of the existence of a number of generations and epochs, thereby imparting a concrete existential expression to the problem of continuity. The problems of «old and new» in the structure of the central parts of historical cities require a comprehensive solution of the main tasks: analysis of the interdependence of the functional and planning categories of the urban center structure and the characteristic manifestations of functional planning solutions of different time periods; to reveal the basic principles of co-position-spatial interaction of the elements of the city center system on the basis of factors affecting the character of the spatial organization of the microstructures of the center in the process of their historical development; definitions of the main directions of the volumetric-plastic harmonization of the existing and new development on the basis of an analysis of the methods of architectonic revalorization and modern interpretation of the characteristic features of the historical architectural substance in accordance with the general informative background of the environment.

scholarly journals SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT MODELING METHODOLOGY APPLICATION POSSIBILITIES IN VILNIUS / ERDVINĖS PLĖTROS MODELIAVIMO METODOLOGIJŲ TAIKYMO GALIMYBĖS VILNIAUS MIESTE

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-50
Author(s):  
Lina Panavaitė
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
City Development ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Modeling Methodology ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
The City

In order to control the continued development of high-rise buildings and their irreversible visual impact on the overall silhouette of the city, the great cities of the world introduced new methodological principles to city’s spatial development models. These methodologies and spatial planning guidelines are focused not only on the controlled development of high-rise buildings, but on the spatial modelling of the whole city by defining main development criteria and estimating possible consequences. Vilnius city is no exception, however the re-establishment of independence of Lithuania caused uncontrolled urbanization process, so most of the city development regulations emerged as a consequence of unmanaged processes of investors’ expectations legalization. The importance of consistent urban fabric as well as conservation and representation of city’s most important objects gained attention only when an actual threat of overshadowing them with new architecture along with unmanaged urbanization in the city center or urban sprawl at suburbia, caused by land-use projects, had emerged. Current Vilnius’ spatial planning documents clearly define urban structure and key development principles, however the definitions are relatively abstract, causing uniform building coverage requirements for territories with distinct qualities and simplifying planar designs which do not meet quality standards. The overall quality of urban architecture is not regulated. The article deals with current spatial modeling methods, their individual parts, principles, the criteria for quality assessment and their applicability in Vilnius. The text contains an outline of possible building coverage regulations and impact assessment criteria for new development. The article contains a compendium of requirements for high-quality spatial planning and building design. Didieji pasaulio miestai, norėdami suvaldyti XXI a. prasidėjusią ir iki šiol besitęsiančią aukštybinių pastatų plėtrą, kuri sukėlė negrįžtamą vizualinį poveikį bendram miesto siluetui, pradėjo taikyti naujausius erdvinės plėtros modeliavimo metodologinius principus miesto erdvinei plėtrai formuoti. Šios metodologijos, sukurtos planavimo gairės yra orientuotos ne tik į aukštybinių pastatų plėtros suvaldymą mieste, bet į viso miesto erdvinį modeliavimą numatant pagrindinius plėtros kriterijus ir įvertinant galimas pasekmes. Vilniaus miestas šiuo atveju nėra išimtis, tačiau atkūrus nepriklausomybę, prasidėjus nevaldomiems urbanizacijos procesams dauguma miesto plėtrą reglamentuojančių dokumentų atsirado kaip nesuvaldomų procesų įteisinant investuotojų lūkesčius pasekmė. Apie miesto kaip vientiso urbanistinio audinio formavimą, jo svarbiausių, vertingiausių objektų išsaugojimą ir reprezentavimą buvo pradėta galvoti tik tada, kai atsirado reali jų nustelbimo nauja architektūra grėsmė, urbanizacijos procesai ne tik miesto centre, bet ir jo pakraščiuose tapo nevaldomi, nulemti žemėtvarkos projektų. Dabartiniai Vilniaus mieste galiojantys teritorijų planavimo dokumentai, nors ir aiškiai apibrėžia miesto struktūros ypatumus ir galimus statybos principus, tačiau yra palyginti abstraktūs, galutiniai reglamentai niveliuoja užstatymą skirtingus požymius turinčiose teritorijose, pateikiami supaprastinti planiniai sprendiniai, kurie negarantuoja kokybiško galutinio rezultato. Urbanistinė architektūrinė kokybė nėra reglamentuojama. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos esamų erdvinio modeliavimo metodologijų, atskirų jų dalių, principų, vertinimo kriterijų taikymo galimybės Vilniaus mieste. Įvardijama, kokiame miesto sistemos planavimo etape šios metodikos ir miesto planavimo principai, atlikti tyrimai gali būti taikomi praktiškai. Taip pat įvardijami galimi užstatymo rodiklių reglamentavimo bei pasekmių vertinimo kriterijai naujai plėtrai. Pateikiamas kokybiško teritorijų planavimo ir pastatų projektavimo reikalavimų sąvadas.

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