Acid-base, electrolyte and oxidative status in dairy cows at different stages of the production cycle

Previous studies in the field of acid-base and oxidative status in cows have mainly focused on the transition period (three weeks before and three weeks after calving). The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the parameters of acid-base and oxidative status and electrolyte balance in cows not only during the transition period, but also at other stages of the production cycle. Holstein-Friesian cows were divided into four numerically equal groups (n = 6): early lactating cows (9?2 days in milk - DIM), peak lactating cows (50?5 DIM), late lactating cows (170?10 DIM) and dry cows (10?1 days before calving). Venous blood samples were taken from the cows to analyze acid-base status, electrolyte concentrations and oxidative stress parameters, and to compare group means. Significantly higher pH was observed in early lactating cows than in late lactating cows. Sodium (Na+) concentration was significantly lower in early lactating and peak lactating cows compared to dry cows, while chloride (Cl-) concentration was also lower in late lactating cows compared to dry cows. Plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was higher in early lactating cows compared to peak lactating cows. Thus, the highest blood pH, lowest Na+ and Cl- concentrations and highest serum GSH-Px activity were observed in early lactating cows compared to other groups, indicating the highest metabolic and oxidative stress during this period. In conclusion, it would be useful to consider the inclusion of these parameters in standard health assessment procedures in intensive dairy production.

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Expression patterns of major genes in fatty acid synthesis, inflammation, oxidative stress pathways from colostrum to milk in Damascus goats

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88976-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Akın Yakan ◽

Hüseyin Özkan ◽

Baran Çamdeviren ◽

Ufuk Kaya ◽

İrem Karaaslan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Transition Period ◽

Freezing Point ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Major Genes ◽

Genes Expression ◽

And Oxidative Stress

AbstractThe molecular regulation of milk secretion and quality in the transition period from colostrum to milk in goats is largely unknown. In the present study, mammary gland secretion of goats was collected in 0th, 4th, 7th, 14th and 28th days after parturition. In addition to composition and fatty acid profile of colostrum or milk, FASN, SCD, ACACA, COX-2, NRF2, TLR2, NF-kB, LTF and PTX3 genes expression patterns were determined from milk somatic cells. While somatic cell count (SCC), malondialdehyde (MDA), fat, fat-free dry matter, protein and lactose were highest as expression levels of the oxidative and inflammatory genes, freezing point and electrical conductivity were lowest in colostrum. With the continuation of lactation, most of the fatty acids, n3 ratio, and odour index increased but C14:0 and C16:0 decreased. While FASN was upregulated almost threefolds in 14th day, ACACA was upregulated more than fivefolds in 7th and 14th days. Separately, the major genes in fatty acid synthesis, inflammation and oxidative stress were significantly associated with each other due to being positively correlated. MDA was positively correlated with SCC and some of the genes related inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, significant negative correlations were determined between SCC and fatty acid synthesis related genes. With this study, transition period of mammary secretion was particularly clarified at the molecular levels in Damascus goats.

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The Role of HO-1 and Its Crosstalk with Oxidative Stress in Cancer Cell Survival

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10092401 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 2401

Author(s):

Shih-Kai Chiang ◽

Shuen-Ei Chen ◽

Ling-Chu Chang

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Redox Regulation ◽

Oxidative Status ◽

Multiple Roles ◽

Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽

Heme Oxygenases ◽

Downstream Effects ◽

Cancer Cell Survival ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Heme oxygenases (HOs) act on heme degradation to produce carbon monoxide (CO), free iron, ferritin, and biliverdin. Upregulation of cellular HO-1 levels is signature of oxidative stress for its downstream effects particularly under pro-oxidative status. Subcellular traffics of HO-1 to different organelles constitute a network of interactions compromising a variety of effectors such as pro-oxidants, ROS, mitochondrial enzymes, and nucleic transcription factors. Some of the compartmentalized HO-1 have been demonstrated as functioning in the progression of cancer. Emerging data show the multiple roles of HO-1 in tumorigenesis from pathogenesis to the progression to malignancy, metastasis, and even resistance to therapy. However, the role of HO-1 in tumorigenesis has not been systematically addressed. This review describes the crosstalk between HO-1 and oxidative stress, and following redox regulation in the tumorigenesis. HO-1-regulated signaling pathways are also summarized. This review aims to integrate basic information and current progress of HO-1 in cancer research in order to enhance the understandings and facilitate following studies.

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An Exploration of the Effects of an Early Postpartum Intravenous Infusion with Carnosic Acid on Physiological Responses of Transition Dairy Cows

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10091478 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1478

Author(s):

Tainara Cristina Michelotti ◽

Erminio Trevisi ◽

Johan S. Osorio

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Intravenous Infusion ◽

Transition Period ◽

Carnosic Acid ◽

Lactation Performance ◽

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽

Blood Concentrations ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

And Oxidative Stress

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound found in rosemary plants (Salvia rosmarinus) named carnosic acid during the transition period of dairy cows. From day 1 to 3 after calving, 16 multiparous Holstein cows received a daily intravenous infusion of either 500 mL of saline (NaCl 0.9%; Saline; n = 8) or carnosic acid at a rate of 0.3 mg/kg of BW supplied in 500 mL of saline (CA; n = 8). Blood samples were taken at –7, 2, 5, 7, 14, and 21 d relative to parturition, then analyzed for metabolites related to energy metabolism, muscle mass catabolism, liver function, inflammation, and oxidative stress. CA infusion tended to improve milk performance; however, DMI was unaffected by treatment. At 2 d relative to parturition, CA cows had lower blood concentrations of haptoglobin, paraoxonase, FRAP, and NO2– than saline cows. After treatment infusions, haptoglobin remained lower in CA cows than saline at 5 d relative to parturition. Our results demonstrate that carnosic acid promoted positive responses on inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers and may promote beneficial effects on lactation performance in peripartal dairy cows.

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Oxidative stress and acid–base balance during the transition period of neonatal Holstein calves submitted to different calving times and obstetric assistance

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2018-14754 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 102 (2) ◽

pp. 1542-1550 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Camila I. Vannucchi ◽

Liege G. Silva ◽

Cristina F. Lúcio ◽

Gisele A.L. Veiga

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Transition Period ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Acid Base ◽

Base Balance ◽

Holstein Calves

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EFFECT OF CIMETIDINE ON NITRO-OXIDATIVE STRESS IN A RAT MODEL OF PERIODONTITIS

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports ◽

10.15386/cjmed-273 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 177-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carina Culic ◽

Alina Elena Parvu ◽

Sandu Florin Alb ◽

Camelia Alb ◽

Angela Pop

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Rat Model ◽

Low Dose ◽

Oxidative Status ◽

Stress Index ◽

Oxidative Stress Index ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Total Oxidative Status ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Background and aims. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation that involves nitro-oxidative stress with damaging periodontal structural effects. We aimed to evaluate the consequences of low-dose cimetidine on nitro-oxidative stress in periodontitis. Methods. A rat model of ligature-induced periodontitis was used. After two weeks, the periodontitis groups were treated with cimetidine, aminoguanidine, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and trolox for one week. On day 21, blood was drawn and the serum analyzed for measurement of total nitrites and nitrates, total oxidative status, total antioxidant response, and oxidative stress index. Results. Cimetidine had an inhibitory effect on the synthesis of nitric oxide (p=0.001), total oxidative status (p=0.01) and oxidative stress index (p=0.01). Total antioxidant reactivity was increased by cimetidine (p=0.01). The effects of cimetidine were almost like those of aminoguanidine, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, and trolox. Conclusions. Low-dose cimetidine can be used as adjunctive host modulatory therapy in chronic periodontitis because it reduces nitro-oxidative stress.

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23 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONCENTRATION OF SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE WITH TIME AND TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PREGNANCY RATE IN COWS WITH HIGH MILK PRODUCTION

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv25n1ab23 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 158

Author(s):

M. Maturana Filho ◽

T. Santin ◽

T. K. Nishimura ◽

V. Nunes Barbosa ◽

J. R. Naves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Transition Period ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Pregnancy Rates ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Average Output ◽

Blood Concentrations ◽

Enzyme Superoxide Dismutase ◽

In Pregnancy

Disorders related to oxidative metabolism, which occur in the production cycle of high-producing dairy cows (HPC) are more frequent during the transition period and early lactation. Blood concentrations of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SD) are closely related to the activity of stabilizing conditions of oxidative stress (OS). It is very important to know the main mechanisms involved in regulation of metabolic events, to develop new strategies to increase the productive and reproductive performance of HPC. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in pregnancy rates and pregnancy losses of HPC with different concentrations of SD with fixed-time AI (FTAI). The experiment was conducted on a commercial farm with 140 HPC (multiparous pregnant Holsteins). The evaluations of concentrations of SD were done from 21 days before birth to the day of the first-service FTAI (75 days in milk), with intervals of 14 days. The animals were retrospectively divided into 2 groups (G1 and G2) in accordance with the average output from all cows in peak lactation (4–8 weeks). Data were analyzed using logistic regression to determine the pregnancy rates between groups. There was a time effect and group effect for the concentrations of SD (P < 0.05) only on the first day of FTAI (3054.4a ± 37.4 and 3662.4 ± 42.1b) for G1 and G2, respectively. But this was not reflected in differences in pregnancy rates between the experimental groups (G1 and G2) and 30 (26.7 v. 31.4) and 60 (20 v. 19.6) days. Although the dismutation activity was high, it seems that the plasma concentration of this enzyme alone does not explain the effects of oxidative stress on fertility in HPC.

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Anti-adipogenesis and antioxidative defense status of a crude extract of ‘Kalasin 2’ peanut sprouts in 3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes

Biochemistry and Cell Biology ◽

10.1139/bcb-2018-0391 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (6) ◽

pp. 740-749

Author(s):

Tantip Boonsong ◽

Siriporn Pakwan ◽

Wanida Chawnawa

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Oxidative Status ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Antioxidative Defense ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Defense Systems ◽

Treatment Of Obesity ◽

Mouse Adipocytes ◽

And Oxidative Stress

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of extracts from germinated (GPE) and non-germinated peanuts (NGPE) on adipogenesis and oxidative status in normal and oxidative-stress-induced 3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes. The treated cells were analysed for cell growth, lipid accumulation, levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the expression levels of mRNAs and proteins related to adipogenesis and antioxidative defense systems. The results indicated that an extract from peanuts made 9 days after germination (9GPE) reduced lipid contents and mRNA expression of adipogenesis-related genes to a greater extent than an extract from peanuts made 1-day after germination (1GPE) or from NGPE, respectively. In oxidative-stress-induced adipocytes, 9GPE decreased ROS levels, lipid content, and the protein expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and also increased the protein expression of antioxidants. These results illustrate the anti-adipogenic capacity and oxidative status improvement achievable with GPE, and that it could be used as a putative therapeutic agent in the prevention of and (or) treatment of obesity and diseases associated with oxidative stress.

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Expression Patterns of Major Genes in Fatty Acid Synthesis, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Related Pathways and Quality Parameters During the Transition From Colostrum to Milk in Dairy Goats

10.21203/rs.3.rs-129719/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Akın YAKAN ◽

Huseyin OZKAN ◽

Baran ÇAMDEVİREN ◽

Ufuk KAYA ◽

İrem KARAASLAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Transition Period ◽

Freezing Point ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Mature Milk ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Colostrum is quietly different from mature milk. The molecular regulation of milk secretion and quality in the transition period from colostrum to milk in goats is largely unknown. The present study, mammary gland secretion of goats was collected in 0th, 4th, 7th, 14th and 28th days after parturition. In addition to composition and fatty acid profile of colostrum or milk, FASN, SCD, ACACA, COX-2, NRF2, TLR2, NF-kB, LTF and PTX3 genes expression patterns were determined from milk somatic cells. While somatic cell count (SCC), malondialdehyde (MDA), fat, fat-free dry matter (FFDM), protein and lactose were highest as expression levels of the oxidative and inflammatory genes (P<0.05), freezing point and electrical conductivity were lowest in colostrum. With the continuation of lactation, most of the fatty acids, n3 ratio, and odour index had increased, on the other hand, C14:0 and C16:0 had decreased. In addition, FASN was upregulated almost 3 folds in 14th day (P<0.05). While SCD was similar, ACACA was upregulated more than 5 folds in 7th and 14th days (P<0.05). Furthermore, significant correlations were determined between studied genes. Although colostrum is important for offspring health in terms of inflammation and oxidative stress related pathways, further studies are needed on complex molecular pathways including fatty acid synthesis on goat mammary gland.

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The association between irisin levels, element distribution and oxidative stress markers in adolescent swimmers

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1515/hmbci-2018-0006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muaz Belviranli ◽

Nilsel Okudan ◽

Nuran Karakuyu

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Element Distribution ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Gender ◽

Antioxidant Effects ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Abstract The objective of this investigation was to compare irisin concentration and its relation with oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes and element levels in both male adolescent swimmers and sedentary controls. Twelve male swimmers aged between 11 and 18 years, who performed regular swimming training for at least 2 years and 12 age- and gender-matched sedentary controls participated in this study. After anthropometric measurements were performed, fasting venous blood samples were taken at rest. Irisin, malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of oxidative stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a marker of antioxidant enzyme and elements (Zn, Cu, Se, Cr, Ni, Al, Fe) were analyzed in these samples. MDA levels were lower but Zn levels and Zn/Cu ratio were higher in the swimmers than in sedentary controls (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the irisin levels and SOD activities between the groups (p > 0.05). The results of the current study suggested that exercise training has antioxidant effects and may reduce oxidative damage. Exercise training has also limited effects on irisin levels in the adolescents.

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