Oesophageal-cancer-derived death in the population of Belgrade in a period 1989-2006

Background/Aim. Oesophageal cancer is the sixth most common cause of death from all malignant tumors in the world (fifth in men, eighth in women). This cancer was estimated to account for about 529 000 new cases and about 442 000 deaths in the year 2007. In the year 2002 the highest standardized mortality rates (per 100 000 habitants) of oesophageal carcinoma were noticed in the East Asia (men/women: 18.8/7.7) and East Africa (18.6/7.8), while the lowest were noticed in the Middle Africa (1.4/0.2) and West Africa (1.3/0.5). The aim of this descriptive epidemiologic study was to analyze epidemiologic situation of oesophageal cancer in Belgrade population during the period 1989-2006, using mortality data. Methods. Mortality data were collected from the City Organization for Statistics. In data analysis we used mortality rates which were standardized directly using those of the world population as the standard, and proportions. A denominator for mortality rates was calculated using the Belgrade population which was an average of the two latest register years (1991 and 2002). In order to analyze trend mortality from oesophageal cancer we used linear trend. Results. In Belgrade deaths from oesophageal cancer accounted for about 5.2% of all malignant tumors of intestinal system in male population, and 2.4% in female population. This cancer is, according to standardized mortality rates (per 100 000 habitants), on the fifth place in Belgrade population behind colorectal, stomach, pancreatic, liver and cholecystic cancer. During the period 1989-2006 in Belgrade 44 persons died from oesophageal carcinoma on the average each year, mainly men (75%), and the rest were women (25%). In male population during the same period we noticed a significant increase in trend mortality (y = 1.61 + 0.06x, p = 0.001), while in female population the increase of mortality was not significant. The male/female oesophageal cancer mortality ratio was 3:1. Mortality rates for oesophageal cancer rise with age in both sexes and they are highest in the age group of 70 and more years. Significant increase in mortality from oesophageal cancer was noticed in age groups 20-29 and over 70 in male population, and age group 40-49 in female population. Conclusion. Increasing trend in oesophageal mortality suggests the necessity for improving measures of primary prevention including education about risk factors for this carcinoma (smoking, alcohol consumption, hot food and drinks), early diagnosis, and treatment.

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Primary malignant brain tumor-related mortality in the Belgrade population

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp0305565p ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 60 (5) ◽

pp. 565-568

Author(s):

Tatjana Pekmezovic ◽

Mirjana Jarebinski ◽

Darija Kisic ◽

Milen Pavlovic ◽

Marina Nikitovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linear Trend ◽

Population Data ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Mortality Data ◽

World Population ◽

Age Group ◽

Test Results ◽

Female Population ◽

Specific Mortality ◽

Related Mortality

Background. The aim of this investigation was the analysis of primary malignant brain tumors (PMBT)-related mortality in the Belgrade population during the period 1983?2000. Methods. Mortality data (based on death records) for the period observed, as well as population data, were obtained from the unpublished material of the Municipal Institute of Statistics, Belgrade. The data analysis was adjusted to specific and standardized mortality rates and linear trend, using the world population as a standard. Regression coefficient was determined by Fisher?s test. Results. During the period 1983?2000, in the Belgrade population standardized mortality rates from PMBT were 6.29/100 000 (95%CI-confidence interval 5.33?7.24) for males, 4.50/100 000 (95%CI 3.84?5.17) for females, and 5.91/100 000 (95%CI 5.20?6.63) for total population. The age-specific mortality rates increased with age up to the age group 65?74, with the highest value of 21.21/100 000 (95%CI 16.03?26.39), and decreased in persons of 75 and more years of age. Conclusion. Mortality rates from PMBT in Belgrade had slightly increasing tendency in male (5.725+0.0592x, p=0.545), and decreasing tendency in female population (y=4.703-0.0213x, p=0.756), while statistically significant increasing mortality rate was registered only in the age group 65?74 (y=435+1.7707x, p=0.0001).

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Mortality from heart attack in Belgrade population during the period 1990-2004

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh0812598r ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 136 (11-12) ◽

pp. 598-602

Author(s):

Isidora Ratkov ◽

Sandra Sipetic ◽

Hristina Vlajinac ◽

Bojan Sekeres

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Heart Attack ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Ischemic Heart ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Female Population ◽

Ischemic Heart Diseases ◽

The World

INTRODUCTION In most countries, cardiovascular diseases are the leading disorders, with ischemic heart diseases being the leading cause of death. According to WHO data, every year about 17 million people die of cardiovascular diseases, which is 30% of all deaths. Ischemic heart diseases contribute from one-third to one-half of all deaths due to cardiovascular diseases. Three point eight million men and 3.4 million women in the world die every year from ischemic heart diseases, and in Europe about 2 million. The highest mortality rate from ischemic heart diseases occurs in India, China and Russia. OBJECTIVE The aim of this descriptive epidemiological study was to determine heart attack mortality in Belgrade population during the period 1990-2004. METHOD In the study, we conducted investigation of Belgrade population during the period 1990-2004. Mortality data were obtained from the city institution for statistics. The mortality rates were calculated based on the total Belgrade population obtained from the mean values for the last two register years (1991 and 2002). The mortality rates were standardized using the direct method of standardization according to the world (Segi) standard population. RESULTS In the Belgrade population during the period 1990-2004, the participation of mortality rate due to heart attack among deaths from cardiovascular diseases was 17% in males and 10% in females. In Belgrade male population, mean standardized mortality rates (per 100,000 habitants) were 50.5 for heart attack, 8.3 for chronic ischemic heart diseases and 4.6 for angina pectoris, while in females the rates were 30.8, 6.7 and 4.2, respectively. Mortality from ischemic heart diseases and from heart attack was higher in males than in females. During the studied 15-year period, on average 755 males and 483 females died due to heart attack every year. Mean standardized mortality rates per 100,000 habitants were 50.0 in male and 31.1 in female population. Males died 1.6 times more frequently from heart attack than females. During the studied period, mean standardized mortality rates from heart attack, in the population aged over 30 increased with age both in male and female population. However, males tended to die from heart attack at an earlier age than females, with death rates for males approximately the same as those for women who were 10 years older. CONCLUSION In Belgrade during the period from 1990-2004, we found that there was an increasing trend in mortality rate due to cardiovascular diseases, while the trend of mortality rate from heart attack was constant with insignificant oscillations.

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Mortality rate of lip, oral cavity and pharynx malignant tumors in Serbia within a period 1991-2009

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp1302189i ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 189-194

Author(s):

Milena Ilic ◽

Svetlana Radevic ◽

Vladimir Stefanovic ◽

Tatjana Cirkovic ◽

Tamara Zurovac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

World Population ◽

Annual Percent Change ◽

Female Population ◽

Percent Change ◽

Pharynx Cancer

Background/Aim. Lip, oral cavity and pharynx malignant tumors account for 3.7% of all cancer deaths worldwide, with significant geographic variations in frequency and distribution. The aim of this descriptive epidemiologic study was to analyze the mortality rate of lip, oral cavity and pharynx malignant tumors in Serbia proper within a period 1991-2009. Methods. Mortality rates standardized directly using the world population as the standard were used in data analysis. Linear trend and regression analyses were used to analyze rate trends in mortality. Results. The Serbian population demonstrated an increase in the mortality of lip, oral cavity and pharynx malignant tumors (y = 3.32 + 0.03?; p = 0.002; average annual percent change = + 0.8). The male population showed a significant increase in mortality trend (y = 5.90 + 0.03?; p = 0.020; % change = + 0.9), while the female population did not show a significant increase in mortality. The male/female cancer mortality ratio was 5.5:1. Mortality rates for lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer increased with age in both genders, with rates being the highest in the population aged 85 and older. Increasing trends of lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer mortality were observed in males aged 50-54; the average annual percent change was + 7.4 % (95% CI, 6.2-9.0). The population of both genders aged 55-59 demonstrated an increase in lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer mortality, the increase being + 1.8% (95% CI, 1.4-2.2) in men and + 34.3% (95% CI, 28.4-40.2) in women. Conclusion. The increasing trend in lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer mortality points to the necessity to investigate etiology and improve primary and secondary prevention measures.

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Agnihotri Satish Balram. Sex Ratio Patterns in the Indian Population: A Fresh Exploration. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2000. 379 pages. Hardbound. Indian Rs 475.00.

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v41i1pp.93-95 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 93-95

Author(s):

Rashida Haq

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Indian Population ◽

Levels Of Analysis ◽

New Delhi ◽

Age Group ◽

Male Population ◽

Female Population ◽

Male Ratio ◽

The World ◽

Fresh Perspective

The term sex ratio is used to mean male per 1,000 female population, while the female-male ratio (FMR) means the number of females per 1,000 male population. The proportion of women to men in the Indian population is 927 to 1,000, strikingly below the world average of 990 to 1,000. What is of major concern is the fact that this female-male ratio (FMR) not only has a declining trend but also varies by region, social status, age group, and levels of prosperity. This book provides an entirely fresh perspective on the perplexing puzzle of the low proportion of women in the Indian population. The main focus of this study is on mapping the diverse and complex pattern of the FMRs along different relevant dimensions. The analysis also shows sensitivity to diversity that improves our understanding of the problem significantly even at rudimentary levels of analysis.

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To Establish A Normal Range of Inter-Incisal Opening - A Study of 756 Subjects of Age Group 20-50 Years in Yamunanagar City, Haryana.

Dental Journal of Advance Studies ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1670583 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 01 (01) ◽

pp. 001-003

Author(s):

Aruna Singh ◽

Nymphea Pandit ◽

Monica Sharma

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

Mouth Opening ◽

Clinical History ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Male Population ◽

Female Population ◽

Odontogenic Infections ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Average Maximum

Abstract Aim- 1. The aim of this study was to investigate the average maximum range of inter-incisal mouth opening in a representative sample of the adult subjects of Haryana. 2. To see any correlation between maximal inter-incisal opening with age. Methods- Maximum mouth opening was studied in 756 adult subjects with age range of 20-50 years in Yamunanagar, Haryana. Age limit was further divided into three groups (20-30, 31-40, 41-50). Those with clinical history of TMJ involvement, OSMF, any trauma, odontogenic and non-odontogenic infections, dental prosthesis on the anterior teeth, congenital anomalies in the maxillofacial region were excluded from this study. The measurements were recorded twice and mean of the two values were taken. Statistical Analysis- Independent sample t-test was calculated to compare age and mouth opening in both male and females respectively. Bivariate pearson correlation was used to see any relationship between age and mouth opening. P-value ≤ 0.05 and CI (confidence interval) at 95% were considered statistically significant. The Results- The average mouth opening of males (45.36±6.70 mm) subjects was higher as compared to female (41.27 ± 6.75 mm) with significant, p-value 0.000. The mean mouth opening ± SD for both sexes combined was 43.39 ± 7.02 mm. The corresponding values for mean inter-incisal opening in male population aged 20-30, 31-40, 41-50 were 45.52 ± 7.15, 46.16 ± 5.47, 42.96 ± 6.82 mm and in female population aged 20-30, 31-40, 41-50 were 41.40 ± 7.08, 41.60 ± 6.29 and 40.03 ± 6.38 mm respectively. Conclusion- Maximal mouth opening differ significantly with gender. There is a decrease in MMO with older age group.

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Mortality beyond emergency threshold in a silent crisis– results from a population-based mortality survey in Ouaka prefecture, Central African Republic, 2020

Conflict and Health ◽

10.1186/s13031-021-00385-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eve Robinson ◽

Lawrence Lee ◽

Leslie F. Roberts ◽

Aurelie Poelhekke ◽

Xavier Charles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central African Republic ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Population Based ◽

Access To Healthcare ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Humanitarian Emergency ◽

The World ◽

Mortality Survey

Abstract Background The Central African Republic (CAR) suffers a protracted conflict and has the second lowest human development index in the world. Available mortality estimates vary and differ in methodology. We undertook a retrospective mortality study in the Ouaka prefecture to obtain reliable mortality data. Methods We conducted a population-based two-stage cluster survey from 9 March to 9 April, 2020 in Ouaka prefecture. We aimed to include 64 clusters of 12 households for a required sample size of 3636 persons. We assigned clusters to communes proportional to population size and then used systematic random sampling to identify cluster starting points from a dataset of buildings in each commune. In addition to the mortality survey questions, we included an open question on challenges faced by the household. Results We completed 50 clusters with 591 participating households including 4000 household members on the interview day. The median household size was 7 (interquartile range (IQR): 4—9). The median age was 12 (IQR: 5—27). The birth rate was 59.0/1000 population (95% confidence interval (95%-CI): 51.7—67.4). The crude and under-five mortality rates (CMR & U5MR) were 1.33 (95%-CI: 1.09—1.61) and 1.87 (95%-CI: 1.37–2.54) deaths/10,000 persons/day, respectively. The most common specified causes of death were malaria/fever (16.0%; 95%-CI: 11.0–22.7), violence (13.2%; 95%-CI: 6.3–25.5), diarrhoea/vomiting (10.6%; 95%-CI: 6.2–17.5), and respiratory infections (8.4%; 95%-CI: 4.6–14.8). The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was 2525/100,000 live births (95%-CI: 825—5794). Challenges reported by households included health problems and access to healthcare, high number of deaths, lack of potable water, insufficient means of subsistence, food insecurity and violence. Conclusions The CMR, U5MR and MMR exceed previous estimates, and the CMR exceeds the humanitarian emergency threshold. Violence is a major threat to life, and to physical and mental wellbeing. Other causes of death speak to poor living conditions and poor access to healthcare and preventive measures, corroborated by the challenges reported by households. Many areas of CAR face similar challenges to Ouaka. If these results were generalisable across CAR, the country would suffer one of the highest mortality rates in the world, a reminder that the longstanding “silent crisis” continues.

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Mortality from endometrial cancer in female population of Belgrade

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp0403267p ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 267-272

Author(s):

Vesna Pantovic ◽

Mirjana Jarebinski ◽

Tatjana Pekmezovic ◽

Anita Knezevic ◽

Darija Kisic

Keyword(s):

Endometrial Cancer ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Mortality Decline ◽

Female Population ◽

Average Percentage ◽

Standardized Mortality Rate

Data about mortality from malignant tumors of endometrium were analyzed in the Belgrade area during the period 1975-2000. The obtained results showed that the average percentage of endometrial cancer in mortality structure from all the cancers of female population was 2.65%. During the observed 26-years period, malignant tumors of endometrium constituted 17.38% of all the tumors of gynecological localization. The standardized mortality rate in 1975 (population worldwide used as a standard) 7.06/100 000 population while in 2000 it was 1.78/100 000 population, respectively, which showed almost fourfold mortality decline during the observed period (y=4.72-0.16x). A trend of declining risk of dying from endometrial cancer was present in all the age groups. The obtained results indicated that in the observed period the average mortality rates ranged from 0.14/100 000 population in females aged up to 34 years (y=0.30-0.01x), and reached the highest value in females aged 65-74 years (14.57/100 000; y=23.43-0.66x), and 75 years of age and over (19.62/100 000; y=31.17-0.85x).

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A study on health related risk factors and health seeking behavior among elderly population in rural Bangladesh

Mediscope ◽

10.3329/mediscope.v7i2.49445 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 75-81

Author(s):

Farhana Ferdaus ◽

Refat Zahan ◽

Md Abdur Rahman ◽

Shahin Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Elderly People ◽

Elderly Population ◽

Common Disease ◽

World Population ◽

Health Seeking ◽

Female Population ◽

Female Patients ◽

The World ◽

Health Related

Globally, 10% of the world population is elderly people and it is expected to increase to 21% in the year 2051. In the year 2002, the number of elderly people in the world was estimated to be 605 million, which is expected to rise to more than 1.2 billion by the year 2025. This crosssectional study was conducted to and out the health-related quality of life and risk factors among elderly population in the selected rural population of Shyamnagar Upazila of Satkhira District. Data was collected from both the male and female population, aged 60 years and above, during February to June 2018. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from 50 respondents by face to face interview with semi-structured questionnaire. In the study, the mean age of elderly was male 63 (±2.95) years, and female 61.8 (±2.04) years. Other socio-demographic factors among elderly were as follows: 20 (40%) of elderly were illiterate, 15 (30%) of elderly were doing business, 21 (42%) were doing farming. 40 (80%) of elderly were married. The study also reported the five most common disease co-morbidities for elderly which included: 71.43% male and 28.57% female had hypertension while 72.22% of male and 27.78% of female patients were already treated, 68.75% male and 31.25% female had diabetes mellitus and 100% of them were treated, 50% of male elderly and 50% of female elderly were suffering bone and joint pain/arthritis and 60% of them were received treatment, hearing impairment found among 100% of male while two-third of patients received treatment, one-third of female and two-third of male elderly suffered from poor vision; however, only one-third of female patients were treated. On the basis of these findings, it can be recommended that there is a need to develop geriatric health-care services. Mediscope Vol. 7, No. 2: July 2020, Page 75-81

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Stroke Mortality Trends in the Population of Klaipėda From 1994 to 2008

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina47090071 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 47 (9) ◽

pp. 512 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Henrikas Kazlauskas ◽

Nijolė Raškauskienė ◽

Rima Radžiuvienė ◽

Vinsas Janušonis

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Mortality Data ◽

World Population ◽

Stroke Mortality ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Elderly Men ◽

Men And Women ◽

Specific Mortality ◽

Permanent Residents

The objective of the study was to evaluate the trends in stroke mortality in the population of Klaipėda aged 35–79 years from 1994 to 2008. Material and Methods. Mortality data on all permanent residents of Klaipėda aged 35–79 years who died from stroke in 1994–2008 were gathered for the study. All death certificates of permanent residents of Klaipėda aged 35–79 years who died during 1994–2008 were examined in this study. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9 codes 430–436, and ICD-10 codes I60–I64) was used. Sex-specific mortality rates were standardized according to the Segi’s world population; all the mortality rates were calculated per 100 000 population per year. Trends in stroke mortality were estimated using log-linear regression models. Sex-specific mortality rates and trends were calculated for 3 age groups (35–79, 35–64, and 65–79 years). Results. During the entire study period (1994–2008), a marked decline in stroke mortality with a clear slowdown after 2002 was observed. The average annual percent changes in mortality rates for men and women aged 35–79 years were –4.6% (P=0.041) and –6.5% (P=0.002), respectively. From 1994 to 2002, the stroke mortality rate decreased consistently among both Klaipėda men and women aged 35–64 years (20.4% per year, P=0.002, and 14.7% per year, P=0.006, respectively) and in the elderly population aged 65–79 years (13.8% per year, P=0.005; and 12% per year, P=0.019). During 2003–2008, stroke mortality increased by 16.3% per year in middle-aged men (35–64 years), whereas among women (aged 35–64 and 65–79 years) and elderly men (aged 65–79 years), the age-adjusted mortality rate remained relatively unchanged. Conclusions. Among both men and women, the mortality rates from stroke sharply declined between 1994 and 2008 with a clear slowdown in the decline after 2002. Stroke mortality increased significantly among middle-aged men from 2003, while it remained without significant changes among women of the same age and both elderly men and women.

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Gender differences in mental health expectancies in early- and midlife in six European countries

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.111.107003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 202 (4) ◽

pp. 294-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Traolach S. Brugha ◽

Ruth Matthews ◽

Jordi Alonso ◽

Gemma Vilagut ◽

Tony Fouweather ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Male Population ◽

Female Population

BackgroundHealth expectancies, taking into account both quality and quantity of life, have generally been based on disability and physical functioning.AimsTo compare mental health expectancies at age 25 and 55 based on common mental disorders both across countries and between males and females.MethodMental health expectancies were calculated by combining mortality data from population life tables and the age-specific prevalence of selected common mental disorders obtained from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD).ResultsFor the male population aged 25 (all countries combined) life expectancy was 52 years and life expectancy spent with a common mental disorder was 1.8 years (95% CI 0.7-2.9),3.4% of overall life expectancy. In comparison, for the female population life expectancy at age 25 was higher (57.9 years) as was life expectancy spent with a common mental disorder (5.1 years, 95% CI 3.6-6.6) and as a proportion of overall life expectancy, 8.8%. By age 55 life expectancy spent with a common mental disorder had reduced to 0.7 years (males) and 2.3 years (females).ConclusionsAge and gender differences underpin our understanding of years spent with common mental disorders in adulthood. Greater age does not mean living relatively more years with common mental disorder. However, the female population spends more years with common mental disorders and a greater proportion of their longer life expectancy with them (and with each studied separate mental disorder).

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