scholarly journals Old age and poverty

2010 ◽  
pp. 165-175
Author(s):  
Drenka Vukovic
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Poverty Risk ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Older Citizens ◽  
Poor Welfare

The process of demographic changes in Serbia is followed by discussions on the need to provide safety at old age and solve the problems of poverty and social exclusion of older citizens. In the current state there are no mechanisms that guarantee an adequate life standard at old age, the consequence of which is a high poverty rate, deteriorating health and limited access to social programs. The results of the Survey on life standard from 2002 and 2007 show that poverty among population in general and pensioners has decreased, while the poverty risk among people older than 65 has increased twice. The restrictive methods of the reforms cause a change in the relation between the pensions and the earnings, so that more and more pensioners receive below average, i.e. minimal pensions. Not all old people are covered by pension insurance so that a significant number (around 400.000) does not have a safe monthly income at all. The state program of financial aid is of modest size and does not provide help to all of the poor. Welfare aid decreases the risk of poverty, but it do not guarantee an adequate level of material security at old age. The low level of minimal and average pensions, the decline of participation in the average earnings and the strict criteria of the social security system have brought to awareness the necessity of 'social pensions' and various help and support programs for the elderly. .

scholarly journals REFORMS OF FINANCING PENSION INSURANCE SYSTEM IN CONDITIONS OF TRANSITION

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Stojanović
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Current System ◽  
Intergenerational Solidarity ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pension Insurance System

A serious crisis of the pension system has been present in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as in many other countries for many years. The current system, which functions on the concept of intergenerational solidarity is financially unsustainable, due to negative demographic and economic movements, as well as reduced number of the employed, and an increase in the number of pensioners. As the main objective of the pension system (the social security of citizens, ie protection against the risk of old age, disability and death) is not fulfilled, it seems that the reform of the pension system is necessary. It is necessary to answer the question: how to transform the pension system of intergenerational solidarity in a system of individual capitalized savings in a socially painless and affordable way?! The implementation of the pension reform aims to establish a long-term sustainable pension system that will provide quality protection from risk, old age, death, disability, and at the same time be consentaneous with economic and demographic movements andensure an adequate level of benefit to citizens in the later age.The aim of the paper is to define the wider, objective picture of the current state of the position of the pension system, as well as providing basic guidelines for the reform and development courses in the future.

Drohende Altersarmut – neue Aufgaben für die Rentenversicherung?

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Equivalence Principle ◽  
Pension System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Poverty Risk ◽  
Employment Trajectories ◽  
Old Age Poverty

AbstractOliver Arentz and Steffen Roth state that poverty among the elderly is currently an exception in Germany. Nevertheless, it is foreseeable that future pensioners will have less income and assets at their disposal. Reasons are the effects of the demographic change to the pay-as-you-go pension scheme, gaps in employment biographies and low pay employment. With that in mind, they discuss the reform package advocated by the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. Furthermore they derive guidelines for a sustainable reform of the pension schemes.Bert Rürup also argues that poverty in old age is up to now not a relevant social problem in Germany. Nevertheless, there are clear indications that poverty among the elderly will increase in the future due to a bundle of reasons. Because of this there is no silver bullet to solve this problem. In the conception of an adequate strategy to reduce and to prevent a rise of poverty in old age, however, the equivalence principle as the basic principal the German statutory pension scheme has to be questioned critically.Jan Goebel gives an overview of the current development of old-age poverty in Germany and classifies widely discussed concepts for the reform of statutory pension insurance. Although current indicators generally point to an increase in old-age poverty, the empirical data show no growth at present in poverty risk for persons aged 65 and older. However, it is expected that the income position of older people will be worsen due to the declining pension payments of new retirees and the increase in discontinuous employment trajectories as well as the insufficient spread in private old age provision. One of the reforms discussed for preventing rising poverty risks in old age is to consider life expectancy in the pension formula. This appears to be a promising means of reducing inequality within the group of pensioners, he states. The implicit redistribution within the statutory pension system due to the empirically well-known correlation between living standards and life expectancy will decrease, and the equivalence principle can be strengthened.

Government Programs Can Reduce Poverty

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
Mark Robert Rank ◽  
Lawrence M. Eppard ◽  
Heather E. Bullock
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Social Welfare Programs ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The Social

Chapter 15 provides an analysis of the effectiveness of social welfare programs in reducing poverty. Comparing pretransfer with post-transfer rates of poverty across a range of OECD countries demonstrates that poverty can be substantially reduced. The myth that government programs do not work in addressing poverty is simply incorrect. A number of European countries are able to cut their rates of poverty by up to 80 percent as a result of robust social policies aimed at reducing poverty and inequality. In the United States, the Social Security and Medicare programs have been particularly effective in reducing the poverty rate among the elderly population.

scholarly journals Profissionalização em Gerontologia

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agostinho Both
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
The Social ◽  
Professional Profile ◽  
Social Improvement

Resumo: O texto compreende um discurso analítico sobre a realidade daqueles que trabalham com os idosos ou com questões voltadas para o envelhecimento e a velhice, avaliando o atual perfil profissional e a oportunidade de pensar sobre sua formação e sua identidade. O autor acredita que a atual realidade profissional em gerontologia é incipiente e que a visibilidade da velhice e suas demandas ampliarão novos horizontes pela profissionalização dos serviços e pelos conhecimentos desta área. É observado que existe apenas um sistema profissional e um sistema de ocupações que aos poucos se delineiam no atendimento e no aperfeiçoamento social em relação ao envelhecimento e à velhice, e cuja formação é híbrida, não existindo, portanto, um profissional cuja formação seria formalizada num curso de graduação e com atribuições oficialmente reconhecidas. Ao final são levantadas questões para se pensar a possibilidade da existência de um profissional com formação específica em Gerontologia. Palavras-chave: Profissionalização. Gerontologia. Profissão. Abstract: The text consists of an analytical speech about the reality of those who work with the elderly or with issues directed to aging and old age, by assessing the current professional profile and the chance to think about their shaping and their identity. The author believes that the current professional reality in gerontology is incipient and that the visibility and the demands of old age will widen new horizons by means of professional services and the knowledge of this field. One notices that there is only one professional system of occupations which little by little are outlined in the service and in the social improvement regarding aging and old age, and whose shaping is hybrid and, therefore, there is no practitioner whose shaping would be formalized by a graduation course, and with officially accredited assignments. Questions are raised in the end in order to think about the possibility of practitioner with a specific major in gerontology. Keywords: Professionalization. Gerontology. Profession.

scholarly journals PENGARUH BPJS KETENAGAKERJAAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN TENAGA KERJA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Hafiz Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Work Accident ◽  
The Government

Workers in Indonesia now really need a social security for themselves, because with the social security received by them makes them more focused in carrying out their duties to completion. The existence of social security provided will increase the welfare of the workforce itself and have a good impact on the survival of their families in the future if one day there is an accident of work from these workers when they carry out their duties the family can enjoy financial assistance from the government through social security. This study uses qualitative methods, namely research procedures that produce descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people or observable behavior. This method also comes from actions that are used as an understanding based on phenomena that occur in society, especially workers. In giving effect to the workers, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan has functions for workers, namely: Organizing work accident insurance programs, Organizing death insurance programs, Conducting old age insurance programs, Organizing pension insurance programs. The conclusion of this research is that there are still many companies that do not give rights to their workforce, that is, they do not take care of BJPS Ketenagakerjaan, which is a matter that must be obtained by each workforce. And the lack of awareness of the workforce about the benefits of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan for them in the event of a work accident.

scholarly journals La vejez y el deporte como objeto de representaciones sociales (The old age and the sport like object of social representations)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
Luis Javier Ruiz Cazorla ◽  
José Luis Chinchilla Minguet ◽  
Manuel Ruiz Cazorla
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Social ◽  
El Sistema

En el presente trabajo analizamos la función social de la Educación Física y el deporte respecto a las personas mayores. Se trata de una relación mediatizada por las representaciones sociales que los agentes implicados poseen sobre la vejez, el cuerpo, la salud y el deporte, no exentas de estereotipos y prejuicios que condicionan sus prácticas sociales. Constituye un problema social y a la vez un reto para las instituciones erradicar las prácticas sociales de exclusión a que dan lugar. Para ello resultan imprescindibles dos pasos. En primer lugar denunciar los contenidos de las representaciones sociales sobre la vejez y las actividades físico-deportivas que favorecen la exclusión social, especialmente desde el Sistema Educativo y los medios de comunicación. En segundo lugar promover los medios materiales y condiciones estructurales necesarias para el cambio social.Palabra clave: Vejez, deporte, educación física, representación social, función social.Abstract: In the present work we analyzed the social function of the Physical Education and the sport with respect to the elderly people. One is a relation hyped by the social representations that the implied agents own on the old age, the body, the health and the sport, nonfree of stereotypes and prejudices that condition their social practices. It constitutes a social problem and simultaneously a challenge for institutions to eradicate the social practices of exclusion to that they give rise. For it two steps are essential. In the first place to denounce the contents of the social representations on the sport old age and activities physical that favor the social exclusion, especially from the Educative System and mass media. Secondly to promote the average materials and necessary structural conditions for the social change.Key words: Old age, sport, physical education, social representation, social function.

13. Treatment of the Aged

2019 ◽  
pp. 440-461
Author(s):  
G. T. Laurie ◽  
S. H. E. Harmon ◽  
E. S. Dove
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
Public Bodies

This chapter discusses some of the ethical and legal issues associated with the very difficult practice of treating the elderly, grounding the discussion in the tension between autonomy and paternalism. It is emphasised that this complex and fragmented field is still undergoing significant regulatory changes as a result of the Care Act 2014, the Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014, and the Public Bodies (Joint Working) (Scotland) Act 2014. It also covers the elder incapax and dying from old age.

scholarly journals Neo-Liberal Economic Reform, Social Change, and Inequality in the Post-Crisis Period in South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Yeong Shin
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Family Dissolution ◽  
South Korean ◽  
The Social ◽  
Drastic Increase

Abstract This paper attempts to explore the dynamics of inequality in the post-financial crisis period, which has been reshaping the lifeworld in South Korea. The neo-liberal economic reform in the post-crisis period has drastically affected income distribution, generating working poor and large marginalized social groups. The sharp rise of income inequality has been conducive to an unprecedented social crisis associated with the lowest birth rate and the highest poverty rate of the elderly in the world. Under the poor South Korean welfare system, the increase in precarious employment and rising inequality and poverty have undermined the social fabric, generating a drastic increase in suicide, family dissolution, and social distrust.

Ecology and Aging: A Critical Review

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-471
Author(s):  
Verena Bernardin-Haldemann
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Ecological Models ◽  
Social Production ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Sectors

AbstractFor the past two decades the issue of housing for the aged has caught the attention of many in the private as well as in the public sectors, and attempts have been made to improve the situation. If the problem persists today, gerontologists, among others, should be called to account, since they were instrumental in the formulation of many of the interventions. The problem has been approached generally in terms of adaptation to aging and adaptation to the environment. The ecological models currently used agree that happiness can be found at different states of equilibrium between the person and the environment and that the elderly arrive at this state of equilibrium through a special “docility” towards the environment; a “docility” which would be linked to aging. However, this docility would appear to be historically and socially contingent rather than being “natural”. It is thus important to explain the social production of old age and the docility which is tied to it.

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