scholarly journals Antifungal activity of indigenous Bacillus spp. isolated from soil

2017 ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Bjelic ◽  
Maja Ignjatov ◽  
Jelena Marinkovic ◽  
Nemanja Spremo ◽  
Maja Karaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacillus Spp

Biocontrol using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) represents an alternative approach to disease management, since PGPR are known to promote growth and reduce diseases in various crops. Among the different PGPR, members of the genus Bacillus are prefered for most biotechnological uses due to their capability to form extremely resistant spores and produce a wide variety of metabolites with antimicrobial activity. The objective of this research was to identify antagonistic bacteria for management of the plant diseases. Eleven isolates of Bacillus spp. were obtained from the soil samples collected from different localities in the Province of Vojvodina. The antifungal activity of bacterial isolates against five fungal species was examined using a dual plate assay. Bacillus isolates exhibited the highest antifungal activity against Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae and Alternaria padwickii, while they had the least antagonistic effect on Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium graminearum. Molecular identification showed that effective bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus safensis (B2), Bacillus pumilus (B3, B11), Bacillus subtilis (B5, B7) and Bacillus megaterium (B8, B9). The highest antagonistic activity was exhibited by isolates B5 (from 39% to 62% reduction in fungal growth) and B7 (from 40% to 71% reduction in fungal growth). These isolates of B. subtilis could be used as potential biocontrol agents of plant diseases.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of several isolates of Trichoderma against Cladosporium and Botrytis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Skaptsov ◽  
S. Smirnov ◽  
M. Kutsev ◽  
O. Uvarova ◽  
T. Sinitsyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
The South

<p><em>Trichoderma</em> isolates (SSBGT07, SSBGT08, SSBGT09, SSBGT10) were isolated from the soil samples of the South-Siberian Botanical Garden and identified using morphological observation and ITS region analysis as <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em>, <em>T. asperellum, T. ghanense</em>, and <em>T. longibranchiatum</em>. Antagonistic activity against <em>Cladosporium </em>sp. and<em> Botrytis </em>sp. was evaluated <em>in vitro</em>. All isolates showed antagonistic effect by competition against <em>Cladosporium </em>sp. <em>T. asperellum </em>and <em>T. longibranchiatum</em> showed antagonism against <em>Botrytis </em>sp. All isolates showed hyper sporulation on the sclerotia of <em>Botrytis</em> sp. (except the <em>T. ghanense</em>) and colonies of the <em>Cladosporium</em> sp. Our study provides new isolates that affect the <em>Cladosporium </em>sp. and<em> Botrytis </em>sp.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of the anti-mycotic activity of Rosemary Oil Against Candida al-bicans

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1228-1232
Author(s):  
Shebi S ◽  
Geetha RV ◽  
Lakshmi Thangavelu Lakshmi Thangavelu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Rosemary Oil ◽  
Athlete’S Foot ◽  
Systemic Infections ◽  
Sterile Filter

An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycoses such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis, serious systemic infections such as Cryptococcal meningitis, and others. In traditional medicine, extracts and essential oil from flowers and leaves are used in the belief they may be useful to treat a variety of fungal disorders. The aim of this study was to analyse the antimycotic properties of rosemary oil and its principal components. The Rosemary oil was screened for antifungal activity by the disc diffusion method. Activated cultures of Candida albicans in Sabouraud’s broth was adjusted to 0.5 McFarland standards [108cfu/ml]. 100 µl of the inoculum was introduced to molten Sabourauds dextrose agar and poured in the sterile Petri plates and allowed to set. Sterile filter paper discs (6.0 mm diameter) impregnated with 25µl, 50µl and 100µl /disc were placed on fungal seeded plates and incubated at 28oC for 48 hrs. Clear zones within which fungal growth was absent were measured and recorded as the diameter (mm) of complete growth inhibition. All the concentrations of the test solution inhibited the fungal species with varying degree of sensitivity. The extract showed good antifungal activity at different concentrations with a maximum zone of inhibition of 38 mm at concentration 100µl. This study provides a sample large enough to determine the antifungal properties of Rosemary oil and suggests further studies for possible therapeutic use.

scholarly journals Impact of selected antagonistic fungi on Fusarium species – toxigenic cereal pathogens

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delfina Popiel ◽  
Hanna Kwaśny ◽  
Jerzy Chełkowski ◽  
Łukasz Stępień ◽  
Magdalena Laskowska
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Ear Blight ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Impact

<em>Fusarium</em>-ear blight is a destructive disease in various cereal-growing regions and leads to significant yield and quality losses for farmers and to contamination of cereal grains with mycotoxins, mainly deoxynivalenol and derivatives, zearalenone and moniliformin. <em>Fusarium</em> pathogens grow well and produce significant inoculum on crop resiudues. Reduction of mycotoxins production and pathogen sporulation may be influenced by saprophytic fungi, exhibiting antagonistic effect. Dual culture bioassays were used to examine the impact of 92 isolates (belonging to 29 fungal species) against three toxigenic species, i.e. <em>Fusarium avenaceum</em> (Corda) Saccardo, <em>F. culmorum</em> (W.G.Smith) Saccardo and <em>F. graminearum</em> Schwabe. Both <em>F.culmorum</em> and <em>F. graminearum</em> isolates produce trichothecene mycotoxins and mycohormone zearalenone and are considered to be the most important cereal pathogens worldwide. Infection with those pathogens leads to accumulation of mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) in grains. <em>Fusarium avenaceum</em> isolates are producers of moniliformin (MON) and enniatins. Isolates of <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. were found to be the most effective ones to control the growth of examined <em>Fusarium</em> species. The response of <em>Fusarium</em> isolates to antagonistic activity of <em>Trichoderma</em> isolates varied and also the isolates of <em>Trichoderma</em> differed in their antagonistic activity against <em>Fusarium</em> isolates. The production of MON by two isolates of F. avenaceum in dual culture on rice was reduced by 95% to 100% by <em>T. atroviride</em> isolate AN 35. The same antagonist reduced the amount of moniliformin from 100 μg/g to 6.5 μg/g when inoculated to rice culture contaminated with MON, which suggests the possible decomposition of this mycotoxin.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI DAN FISIOLOGI BAKTERI ENDOFIT DAN RIZOBAKTERI DARI TANAMAN CENGKEH SEHAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fina Dwimartina ◽  
Tri Joko ◽  
Triwidodo Arwiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Symbiotic Mutualism ◽  
Bacillus Spp

One of the determining factors in disease control is the use of superior seeds which have good quality and quantity. The use of biological control agents that form a symbiotic mutualism in their host plants can be used as an effort to obtain quality clove seeds. Endophytic bacteria and rhizobacteria have been reported as potential biological control agents for many plant diseases because of their safety in humans and non-target organisms. The purpose of this study was to identify the physiological and morphological characteristics of endophytic and rhizobacterial isolates obtained from clove plants. A total of 46 endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from healthy clove roots, stems, leaves and flowers. Also, 66 isolates were isolated from the soil around the rhizosphere area. Based on the results of the identification of physiological and morphological characteristics, it is evident that the endophytic and rhizobacterial bacteria tested have the same character as Bacillus spp.

scholarly journals Antagonistic activity of selected bacteria of the soil environment of carrot

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 277-281
Author(s):  
Patkowska Elżbieta ◽  
Błażewicz-Woźniak Marzena ◽  
Wach Dariusz
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Bacillus Spp

The purpose of the present studies was to determine the antagonistic effect of bacteria Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. towards selected fungi from the soil environment of carrot. Oats (Avena sativa L.), tansy phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia Bentham) and vetch (Vicia satica L.) were used as cover crops in the cultivation of this plant. In the traditional cultivation of carrot the population of bacteria was the smallest, while after the application of oats it was the largest. Laboratory tests showed that cover crops promoted the development of antagonistic Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Irrespective of the experimental treatment, those bacteria were the most effective in limiting the growth and development of Fusarium oxysporum and Thanatephorus cucumeris (syn. Rhizoctonia solani), while being less effective towards Altenaria dauci and Alternaria radicina, and the least towards Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The best total antagonistic effect of Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. towards the tested fungi was found after using oats and vetch, while the worst – in the traditional cultivation of carrot.

scholarly journals Diversity of Species and Susceptibility Phenotypes toward Commercially Available Fungicides of Cultivable Fungi Colonizing Bones of Ursus spelaeus on Display in Niedźwiedzia Cave (Kletno, Poland)

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Dyląg ◽  
Artur Sawicki ◽  
Rafał Ogórek
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Cave Environment ◽  
Spot Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
And Function ◽  
Phenotypic Tests

Underground ecosystems are one of the most inhospitable places for microorganism development and function. Therefore, any organic matter located in these areas can stimulate fungal growth. The main purpose of this study was to find the best solution to effectively preserve (without relapses) paleolithic bones of cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) exhibited in cave without any negative influence on the cave environment. To achieve this aim, unambiguous identification of fungal species and its susceptibility tests toward fungicidal preparations were performed. Fungi were identified based on phenotypic tests and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region analysis. The antifungal activity of three preparations (Pufmax, Boramon and Devor Mousse) was evaluated by microdilution assay (protocol M38-A2) and spot tests assay. Phenotypic and molecular research showed that bones were colonized by 11 fungal species: Absidia glauca, Aspergillus fumigatus, Chrysosporium merdarium, Fusarium cerealis, Mortierella alpina, Mucor aligarensis, M. plumbeus, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. expansum, Sarocladium strictum and Scopulariopsis candida. All of the tested preparations were the most active against C. merdarium. In turn, M. plumbeus, M. aligarensis, M. alpina and A. glauca were the least susceptible. The highest antifungal activity was shown for Pufmax (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were in the range of 0.16–0.63% and 1.25–2.50%, respectively). The lowest fungicidal effect was observed for Boramon (MICs and MFCs in the range of 2.5–10% and 5–20%, respectively). Devor Mousse and Pufmax preparations showed fungicidal activity at the concentrations in the range of 1.25–5%. Susceptibility profiles were also confirmed based on spot tests assay. Our study allows for unambiguously identifying isolated fungi and assessing their susceptibility to commercially available fungicides, to prevent fungal outbreak.

scholarly journals Electrospun Polymer-Fungicide Nanocomposites for Grapevine Protection

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3673
Author(s):  
Nasko Nachev ◽  
Mariya Spasova ◽  
Petya Tsekova ◽  
Nevena Manolova ◽  
Iliya Rashkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

Nowadays, diseases in plants are a worldwide problem. Fungi represent the largest number of plant pathogens and are responsible for a range of serious plant diseases. Esca is a grapevine disease caused mainly by fungal pathogens Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (P. chlamydospora) and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum (P. aleophilum). The currently proposed methods to fight esca are not curative. In this study, polymer composites based on biodegradable polymer containing chemical fungicides with antifungal activity were successfully prepared by electrospinning. The obtained materials were hydrophobic with good mechanical properties. In vitro studies demonstrated that the fungicide release was higher from PLLA/K5N8Q fibrous mats (ca. 72% for 50 h) compared to the released drug amount from PLLA/5-Cl8Q materials (ca. 52% for 50 h), which is due to the better water-solubility of the salt. The antifungal activity of the fibrous materials against P. chlamydospora and P. aleophilum was studied as well. The incorporation of the fungicide in the biodegradable fibers resulted in the inhibition of fungal growth. The obtained materials are perspective candidates for the protection of vines from the penetration and growth of fungal pathogens.

scholarly journals Identification of epiphytic yeasts and bacteria with potential for biocontrol of grey mold disease on table grapes caused by Botrytis cinerea

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazem Kasfi ◽  
Parissa Taheri ◽  
Behrooz Jafarpour ◽  
Saeed Tarighi
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Table Grapes

The objective of this study was to identify grapevine epiphytic yeasts and bacteria for biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea on grapes. Antagonistic yeasts and bacteria were isolated from the epiphytic flora associated with grape berries and leaves cv. ‘Thompson seedless’ from vineyards in Iran and identified by sequencing the conserved genomic regions. A total of 130 yeast and bacterial isolates from the surface of grapevine were screened in vitro for determining their antagonistic effect against B. cinerea and used to control postharvest gray mold. Among the 130 isolates, five yeasts and four bacterial isolates showed the greatest antagonistic activity in vitro against B. cinerea. Two yeasts species including Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Candida membranifaciens had high antagonistic capability against the pathogen. Also, 4 bacterial isolates belonging to Bacillus sp. and Ralstonia sp. showed significant biocontrol effect against B. cinerea. The isolates were capable of producing volatile and non-volatile substances, which suppressed the pathogen growth. The antagonistic activity of selected yeasts and bacteria against the pathogen was investigated on wounded berries of ‘Thompson seedless’. On small clusters with intact berries, all of the antagonistic isolates considerably reduced the decay on grape berries and inhibition of gray mold incidence on fruits treated by these isolates was less than 50%, except for the isolate N1, which had higher capability in inhibiting the disease incidence. These results suggest that antagonist yeasts and bacteria with potential to control B. cinerea on grape can be found in the microflora of grape berries and leaves.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Conditions on Viability and Antagonistic Activity of Saccharomyces boulardii on Enteric Pathogenic Bacteria

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-632
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Saccharomyces Boulardii ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
The Difference

In this part of programme , different bacterial isolates mainly Salmonella spp, Shigella spp and Escherichia coli were used for antagonism with Saccharomyces boulardii under different conditions . S.boulardii was grown under aerobic conditions and antagonized with young overnight nutrient broth cultures of test bacterial isolates and other kept in refrigerator for a week after full growth . Young cultures were more susceptible to antagonistic effect of yeast compared to old cultures and on isolates grown on solid medium for 24 hr. S.boulardii grown under aerobic and microaerobic conditions and antagonized with overnight broth cultures of test bacterial isolates , The results revealed that aerobic cultures of yeast had more inhibitory effect on test isolates .Concentration of yeast cells from liquid media GS( prepared from soluble fraction of gluten and mixed with equal volume of corn steep water and GS2%) was found not to be exceeded 109 yeast cell/ ml of suspension due to the large size of yeast cells .Effect of freezing on viability of yeast cells grown in GS and GS2% was negligible and there was no significant differences since the difference was less then half log cycle

ASSESSMENT OF SOME ABIOTIC FACTORS ON MICROBIAL BIOPRODUCTS USEFUL IN BIOCONTROL OF PHYTOPATHOGENS

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-803
Author(s):  
Sergiu Fendrihan ◽  
Sorina Dinu ◽  
Oana Alina Sicuia ◽  
Florica Constantinescu
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites ◽  
Ph Conditions

The environmental factors may influence the growth of microorganisms, by favoring their growth or slowing their multiplication rate and the synthesis of different metabolites. Parameters such as temperature, aeration, nutrients, pH or tolerance to NaCl can become limiting factors for microorganisms survival. Bacillus subtilis and related species can grow in variable pH conditions, maintaining the cytoplasmically pH in a relatively close range, stable to the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids.The aim of this work was to assess the influence of some abiotic factors on the biocontrol activity of microbial bioproducts, based on beneficial strains from Bacillus sp.. The bioproducts were tested in vitro against soil borne fungi at different temperatures and pH conditions. The results showed that the antagonistic activity of the biopreparates, tested at 27°C and 25°C, against phytopathogenic fungi released antifungal metabolites which inhibited the fungal growth. Also, when different pH values were analyzed, the results reflected that at pH 5.5 and pH 8.5 the bioproducts maintained the same antagonistic effect as in the control variant (pH 7.0).

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