Yoruba Writers and the Construction of Heroes

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 157-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyin Falola
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Military Regime ◽  
National Party ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Intellectual Discourse ◽  
The University ◽  
The Military ◽  
Internal Division

In 1986 the University of Ife (later renamed Obafemi Awolowo University) unveiled a wood statue of Oduduwa, the mythical founder of the Yoruba nation. Present at the occasion was Chief Obafemi Awolowo, the most famous Yoruba politician of the twentieth century. Either for political gain, or to celebrate or praise him, an Ife intellectual told Chief Awolowo that the statue looked exactly like him and that, in trying to represent the image of Oduduwa, the carver, the highly distinguished Chief Lamidi Fakeye, had simply used Awolowo as a model.Chief Awolowo was very happy with this comparison, and gladly affirmed it. The story spread like wildfire. As the statue came to be interpreted, Awolowo and Oduduwa had the same physical build, elegance, and cap which they wore in the same style! Here indeed was the modern Oduduwa. To those in search of heroes, the Yoruba now had two “national” ones—Oduduwa, the progenitor and Awolowo, the modernizer—and a host of other aspiring and local ones. If Oduduwa founded the nation, Awolowo would unite it, after a period of internal division.Both in Yoruba popular and intellectual discourse, the hero commands prominent attention. The Yoruba appear to be seeking the equivalent of a Mahdi, the reformer in Islam, a cultural, folk, and political hero. The ambition of many Yoruba elite, especially the politician, is to become a hero of the nation. Many have tried in vain—men such as Chief Adisa Akinloye, a longtime veteran politician, and the Chairman of the National Party of Nigeria during the Second Republic, and, until recently, Chief M.K.O. Abiola, the business magnate and politician who was denied the presidency of the country by the military regime in collaboration with powerful civilians.

scholarly journals The universities and the military regime

Matrizes ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
João Elias Nery
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Military Regime ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Analytical Perspective ◽  
The University ◽  
The Military

The review approaches the book The universities and the military regime (As Universidades e o regime militar) – Brazilian political culture and authoritarian modernization, by Rodrigo Patto Sá Motta (Zahar, 2014), that analyzes the relations between the Dictatorship (Ditadura) and the Brazilian universities, using sources recently opened to the researchers. This book develops an analytical perspective beyond the dichotomy repression-resistance, replaced by resistance, adhesion and accommodation, with a panoramic approach of the several State actions and their consequences to the university, having University of Brasilia (UnB), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), and, in another registry, the University of São Paulo (USP), as the focus of analysis.

4. Dictatorship and repression

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Anthony W. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Authoritarian Regime ◽  
Military Regime ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Military

‘Dictatorship and repression’ assesses the twenty-one-year dictatorship in Brazil from 1964 to 1985. A result of tensions in the second republic of 1945–64, the coup that created the Brazilian dictatorship occurred in 1964. The subsequent authoritarian regime in Brazil was also distinctive; in the first four years, the regime oversaw a process of conservative modernization of the economy. However, the repression of the military regime reached its peak from 1969 to 1974, when disappearances, executions, and torture took place amidst the clamp-down engendered by the passage of Institutional Act Number 5 (AI-5). The chapter then looks at the legacy of the Brazilian dictatorship.

scholarly journals Polish presence on Belarusian lands in the twentieth century: the experience of interaction between historians of the two countries 2017–2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 497-509
Author(s):  
Yuriy A. Borisenok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Scientific Project ◽  
Serial Publication ◽  
The University ◽  
The Military

In 2017–2020 The Center for Eastern European Studies of the University of Warsaw has published four voluminous volumes of the serial edition “Poles in Belarus” edited by the historian Tadeusz Gawin. The books reflect the results of a large-scale Polish-Belarusian scientific project, in the course of which Polish and Belarusian historians focused their attention on the problems of history that are urgent for both countries, first of all, of the twentieth century. In particular, separate volumes and scientific conferences preceding them were devoted to the Polish and Belarusian ideas of state independence in 1918–2018 and the military action of 1920 against the backdrop of political changes in the twentieth century. The uniqueness of the serial publication is that historians from Belarusian state universities and research institutes actively participated in it; this practice, in the context of a sharp deterioration in Polish-Belarusian political relations, has already become a thing of the past.

scholarly journals Prensa alternativa e izquierda: el caso de la revista Documentos Políticos en el periodo final de La Violencia

2016 ◽  
pp. 291-308
Author(s):  
Lorena Guerrero ◽  
José Alejandro Cifuentes
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Military Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Work ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Siglo Xx

El siguiente artículo abarca los aspectos políticos durante el régimen militar de Gustavo Rojas Pinilla como contexto de la prensa producida por el Partido Comunista Colombiano. Se analiza la revista Documentos Políticos del Partido Comunista de Colombia, por ser un ejemplo de oposición ante aquel periodo antidemocrático. Es así como, mediante un recorrido histórico de aquel periodo, en el que las libertades democráticas fueron restringidas, podemos dar a conocer el trabajo intelectual y político de un grupo de la izquierda colombiana. Además, resaltamos el carácter testimonial de esta publicación a la hora de abordar una historia de la izquierda en Colombia, y más concretamente una historia del Partido Comunista en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Palabras claves: prensa, izquierda, revista comunista, oposición al Régimen militar, comunistas   Abstract Alternative and Leftist Press: The Case of the Magazine Documentos Políticos in the Final Period of La Violencia The following article covers the political aspects during the military regime of Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, as a context to the press produced by the Colombian Communist Party. It analyzes the magazine Documentos Políticos (Political Papers) published by the Communist Party of Colombia, since it is an example of opposition to that antidemocratic period. Thus, by means of a systematic historical approach of that period, in which democratic freedoms were restricted, we can better understand the intellectual and political work of a group of the Colombian left. Furthermore, we highlight the testimonial character of this publication when addressing the history of the left in Colombia, and more specifically the history of the Communist Party in the second half of the twentieth century. Key words: Press, the left, communist magazine, opposition to the military regime, communist

scholarly journals DITADURA MILITAR (1964-1985): O Movimento Estudantil e a Comunicação Alternativa na Amazônia Paraense

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Célia Regina Trindade Chagas Amorim ◽  
Lanna Paula Ramos da Silva
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Military Regime ◽  
Student Movement ◽  
Strategic Information ◽  
Alternative Press ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The University ◽  
The Military ◽  
Established Order

O presente artigo faz uma análise do movimento estudantil paraense durante a Ditadura Militar de 1964-1985 e sua imprensa alternativa, importante canal de comunicação por onde circularam informações estratégicas de mobilizações e ações da categoria contrárias à nova ordem instituída. Destacam-se, neste trabalho, as atuações de dois jornais produzidos pelos estudantes da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPa): O Papagaio (1967) e Nanico (1979). Os universitários encontraram, nesta imprensa, uma forma de tornar públicas as perseguições sofridas dentro do campus do Guamá, envolvendo professores e estudantes considerados subversivos. Nas páginas dessa imprensa havia também a negação da concepção bancária de educação (FREIRE, 2011), que deformava a criatividade educacional. Este artigo faz parte da investigação do projeto Mídias Alternativas na Amazônia, que está mapeando formas de comunicação contra hegemônica na região.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Movimento Estudantil; Imprensa Alternativa;  Ditadura Militar.     ABSTRACT The present article analyses the paraense student movement during the military regime from 1964 to 1985, as well as its alternative press, an important channel of communication through which strategic information of mobilizations and actions of the category, contrary to the new established order, circulated. The performance of two newspapers elaborated by the Federal University of Pará (UFPA) students are highlighted: O Papagaio (1967) and  Nanico (1979). The university students found, in this press, a way of making the persecutions suffered in the Guamá campus, involving students and professors considered subversive, known. In the pages of this press there was also the denial of the education bank conception (FREIRE, 2011) which deformed the educational creativity. This article is part of the “Mídias Alternativas na Amazônia” project that is mapping small forms of counter hegemonic communication.   KEYWORDS: Students movement, alternative press, military regime.     RESUMEN En este artículo se analiza el movimiento estudiantil paraense durante la dictadura militar de 1964 a 1985 y su prensa alternativa, importante canal de comunicación a través del cual circula la información movilizaciones y acciones de la categoría contraria al nuevo orden establecido estratégicas. Se destacan en este trabajo, las actuaciones de dos documentos producidos por los estudiantes de la Universidad Federal de Pará (UFPA): O Papagaio (1967) y Nanico (1979). La universidad se encuentra en este comunicado de prensa, una manera de hacer que el público sufrió persecución en el campus de Guamá, la participación de profesores y estudiantes consideradas subversivas. En estas páginas de la prensa no fue la negación del concepto de banca de la educación (FREIRE, 2011), lo que distorsiona la creatividad educativa. Este artículo forma parte del proyecto de investigación Medios Alternativos en la Amazonia, que es la cartografía formas de comunicación contra hegemónico en la región.   PALABRAS CLAVE: Movimiento estudiantil; Prensa Alternativa; Dictadura militar.

scholarly journals A disciplina Estudo de Problemas Brasileiros (EPB) na Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV): em foco o projeto educacional do regime civil-militar para as universidades brasileiras / The discipline Brazilian Problems Study (EPB) in the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV): in focus of the educational project of the civil-military regime for brazilian univesrsities

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Caio Corrêa Derossi ◽  
Joana D'Arc Germano Hollerbach
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Military Regime ◽  
Educational Project ◽  
Brazilian Students ◽  
The University ◽  
The Military ◽  
Official Sources ◽  
Full Adherence

No contexto de acirramento das forças do regime civil-militar e da intensificação das estratégias de controle da população, em 1969 é criada a disciplina Estudo de Problemas Brasileiros (EPB), como matéria obrigatória. Direcionada ao ensino superior, era um instrumento ideológico do projeto educacional dos militares para o enfrentamento do movimento estudantil e das supostas ameaças do comunismo. Neste sentido, o presente artigo almeja contribuir para as discussões acerca do projeto de socialização dos interesses do regime militar nas universidades brasileiras. Por meio de pesquisa documental, contextualiza a EPB na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, a partir de fontes oficiais, como os catálogos de disciplinas da instituição, as atas e os documentos das reuniões de conselhos colegiados superiores do período de vigência da disciplina (1969-1993). No que tange à pesquisa documental, pode-se inferir, com base na organização dos cursos de EPB e na sua vigência, a sua plena aderência na instituição. Outro aspecto que merece destaque foi a realização dos cursos de EPB mesclando alunos do Colégio Universitário (COLUNI) e dos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação, mesmo que essa prática não tivesse sido prescrita na lei, o que nos leva a concluir que houve empenho na transmissão da mensagem dos governos militares aos estudantes brasileiros, em detrimento de um esforço didático-pedagógico, a supor pelas diferenças entre os níveis de escolarização contemplados. ***In the context of the intensification of the forces of the civil-military regime and the intensification of population control strategies, in 1969 the discipline Study of Brazilian Problems (EPB) was created. Directed to higher education, it was an ideological instrument of the educational project of the military to confront the student movement and the supposed threats of communism. In this sense, the text aims to contribute to the discussions about the project to socialize the interests of the military regime in Brazilian universities, based on documentary research, contextualizing the EPB discipline at the Federal University of Viçosa (MG), through official sources, such as the catalogs of disciplines of the institution and of the minutes and documents of the meetings of higher collegiate councils of the period of validity of the discipline (1969/1993). With regard to the research in its locus, one can conclude, due to the organization of the BPS courses and their validity, the full adherence to the institution. Another point that deserves to be highlighted was the realization of the courses of EPB merging students of the University College and undergraduate and postgraduate courses, even such practice not being prescribed by law. What gives us the strength to think that there was not a didactic-pedagogical effort, to suppose by the differences between the levels of schooling, but rather the commitment in transmitting the message of the military governments to the Brazilian students.

Unamuno y Jugo, Miguel de (1864–1936)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Vandenbosch
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Miguel De Unamuno ◽  
The Political ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Generation Of 1898 ◽  
Reason And Faith ◽  
The University ◽  
Cultural Regeneration

Miguel de Unamuno is a Spanish writer and philosopher whose work includes essays, novels, poetry, drama, and journalism. He is considered to be one of the leading members of the Generation of 1898, a group of canonical writers championing the political and cultural regeneration of Spain in the early twentieth century. Recurrent themes in his oeuvre are the struggle between reason and faith, the question of mortality, and the search for identity (of both individuals and nations). His narrative oeuvre breaks away from the model of nineteenth-century realism by focusing on the inner life of the protagonist and introducing metafictional devices. Born in the Basque city of Bilbao, Unamuno studied at the Faculty of Arts and Philosophy of the University of Madrid. In 1891, he obtained the chair of Greek Philology at the University of Salamanca, of which he was appointed rector ten years later. In 1924 Unamuno was banished for six years due to his opposition to the dictatorship of General Primo de Rivera. On his return to Spain in 1930, he welcomed the Second Republic but soon was disappointed by it. After the outbreak of the Civil War, he first supported the Francoist rebellion but ended up condemning it publicly shortly before his death in 1936.

Italian Minor Theatre, 2000–14: the Development of ‘Short Forms’ and the Politics of the Stage

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
Silvia Mei
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Modern Dance ◽  
Minor Literature ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Short Forms ◽  
Research Fellow ◽  
History Of ◽  
Expressive Dimension ◽  
The University

Brevity in experimental Italian theatre is not merely an expressive dimension of scenic creation, but a forma mentis, a conceptual vocation of young companies. The 2000s produced a minor theatre in Italy – first because of the reduced stage size, and second because of the brevity of works such as installation pieces. Moving from the linguistic disintegration of the historical avant-gardes of the twentieth century, this theatre is especially inspired by the visual arts, even though its historical roots remain fragmented and art is still seen in the synthetic language of modern dance and Futurist variety. Short forms actually become a tool for crossing artistic genres and languages. Starting from Deleuze’s and Guattari’s philosophical concept of minor literature, in this article Silvia Mei explores and analyzes work by such Italian contemporary companies as gruppo nanou, Città di Ebla, Anagoor, Opera, ErosAntEros, and Teatro Sotterraneo – all representative of what can be called installation theatre, a new theatrical wave that crosses the boundaries and specificities of artistic language, leading to the deterritorialization of theatre itself, a rethinking of the artistic work as well as its relationship with the audience. Silvia Mei is Adjunct Professor of the History of Theatre Directing and Theatre Iconography at the University of Bologna, having been a Research Fellow at the University of Turin. Her recent publications include ‘La terza avanguardia: ortografie dell’ultima scena italiana’, in Culture Teatrali, No. 14 (2015), and Displace Altofest (Valletta: Malta 2018 Foundation).

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