Efficacy of a Self-Help Program in Music for Disadvantaged Preschools

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Young
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
Music Program ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Musical Knowledge ◽  
Teacher Traits ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Total Enrollment

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a prestructured music program, designed especially for disadvantaged children, when this program was implemented by personnel already involved in the operation of Headstart and similar preschools. The study included 12 Headstart teaching centers in Texas and Louisiana with a total enrollment of 277 kindergarten age children from disadvantaged environments. A culture-free music ability test was administered individually to each child in all 12 centers in September and again in May at the end of the teaching year. Comparisons of pretest-posttest improvement revealed significant gains for the experimental group but not for the control group. The results suggested that the teachers' musical knowledge had less effect on the children' s improvement than teacher traits such as determination, industry, and willingness to take the initiative. The final conclusion of the study was that the typical Headstart teacher, with a minumum of assistance, is capable of producing significant improvement in the musical abilities of preschool disadvantaged children.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Komik Lipat Sederhana Terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika di MTs Nurul Ishlah Gegelang

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Linda Sekar Utami ◽  
Johri Sabaryati ◽  
Ni Wayan Sri Darmayanti ◽  
Eka Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Physics Learning ◽  
Group Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract:  This study aims to find out the results of physics learning between students who follow the learning with simple folding comic Physics with students who follow conventional learning in grade IX B students at MTs Nurul Ishlah Gegelang. This type of research is included in experimental quasi design research. The population used is all grade IX students in MTs Nurul Ishlah Gegelang. In this study, two classes were taken as a sample of research divided into experimental classes and control classes. obtained samples are class IX B MTs Nurul Ishlah Gegelang as an experimental group and class IX A MTs Nurul Ishlah Gegelang as a control group. Research data in the form of physics learning results in the cognitive sphere was collected using a test of learning results, this research using the design of Pretest-Posstes. The collected data were then analyzed using t-related tests to determine significant differences in learning outcomes between the two sample classes. Based on the results of the study obtained the initial ability of students for both groups is homogeneous shown by Fhitung < Ftabel (1.07 < 2.14) and the differences between the two groups are insignificant on the subject of energy changes with units and the final ability test ruler shown by thitung > ttabel (3,134 > 2,005), so Ha was accepted.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pngaruh hasil belajar fisika antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan komik lipat sederhana Fisika dengan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran konvensional pada siswa kelas kelas IX B di MTs Nurul Ishlah Gegelang. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian quasi eksperimental design. Populasi yang dipergunakan adalah seluruh siswa kelas IX di MTs Nurul Ishlah Gegelang. Pada penelitian ini diambil dua kelas sebagai sampel penelitian yang terbagi dalam kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. diperoleh sampel yaitu kelas IX B MTs Nurul Ishlah Gegelang sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan kelas IX A MTs Nurul Ishlah Gegelang sebagai kelompok kontrol. Data penelitian berupa hasil belajar fisika pada ranah kognitif dikumpulkan menggunakan tes hasil belajar, Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Pretest-Posstes. Data yang terkumpul selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan uji-t related untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar yang signifikan antara kedua kelas sampel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kemampuan awal siswa untuuk kedua kelompok adalah homogen yang ditunjukkan dengan Fhitung < Ftabel (1,07 < 2,14) serta perbedaan yang dimiliki antara kedua kelompok tidak signifikan pada pokok bahasan perubahan energi dengan satuan dan pengkuran  tes kemampuan akhir yang ditunjukkan dengan thitung  > ttabel (3,134 > 2,005), sehingga Ha diterima.

scholarly journals To Assess the Effectiveness of Breathing Exercise on Labour Pain and Behavioral Response of Primi Gravida Mothers during First Stage of Labour, at Selected Maternity Hospitals

2021 ◽  
pp. 321-326
Author(s):  
Shalini Moon ◽  
Manjusha Mahakarkar ◽  
Pradnya Sakle
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Labour Pain ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Breathing Exercise ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Experimental Group

Background of the Study: Labour is tough and headaches occur, however mother's our bodies are designed to supply birth. The shape of the pelvis, hormones, effective muscle mass and further all paintings collectively that may help mother to convey her child into the globe - before, within the course of and after childbirth. Objectives: 1. To assess pain intensity level among the Primi gravida mothers during first stage of labour in experimental and control group.2. To assess the behavioral response of primi gravid mothers during 1st stage of labour in control and Experimental group. 3. To determine the effectiveness of breathing exercise on labour pain among primi gravida mothers during first stage of labour.4. To determine the effectiveness of breathing exercise on behavioral response among primi gravida mothers during first stage of labour. 5. To determine the association between selected demographic variables and pain of primi gravida mothers during first stage of labour.6. To determine the association between selected demographic variables and behavioral response of prim gravid mothers during first stage of labour. Material and Methods: The design of this research study was based on a True Experimental research design with a pre-test and post-test control group. A total of 400 mothers were included in the study (200 in experimental group and 200 in control group). The samples were chosen using the probability simple random sampling technique. The data will be gathered using Baseline Proforma and an observational check list. Expected Results: At selected Maternity hospitals, this study will assess the effects of respiratory exercise on Childbirth pain and behavioral responses of primi gravida moms during the early stage of childbirth. After intervention, the degree of discomfort in primi gravida women should be reduced, and their behavioral reaction should improve. Conclusion:  Final conclusion is drawn from the ultimate results of the statistical review.

scholarly journals فاعلية الألعاب اللغوية في علاج الأخطاء اللغوية لدى طلاب المستوى الثاني من قسم الإعداد اللغوي بجامعة الراية

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Deni Rahmat Jatnika
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Test ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Grammatical Errors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Errors in the use of Arabic grammar is one of the problems that are often faced especially by 2nd semester students Idad al Lughawi STIBA Ar Raayah. The difference between basic structures is the biggest reason for students to make mistakes in using Arabic grammar. The method used to get the results of this study is the experimental method, which was conducted on 74 students as samples from 248 students. The results showed that the average test score for the control group on the pre-examination exam was 74.28 while the average score for the post-experimental exam was 80.57, from which the conclusion was that the test scores for the control group increased by 6,24, while the average value of the experimental group on the pre-experimental test was 76.09 while the average value of the experimental group after the experiment was 93.95, therefore the results concluded that the test scores for this group experienced a significant increase of 16, 95. Then the final conclusion after testing the hypothesis using the t-test formulates one result, namely that linguistic play has a very effective way of improving grammatical errors that occur between I’dad Lughawi Students.

A transdiagnostic self-help guide for anxiety: two preliminary controlled trials in subclinical student samples

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Dixon ◽  
Warren Mansell ◽  
Elizabeth Rawlinson ◽  
Alisha Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Current State ◽  
Self Help ◽  
General Psychological Distress ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Modest Effect

AbstractSelf-help therapies, such as bibliotherapy, are becoming increasingly more available to the general population as a treatment for psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety. However, relatively few of these self-help books are properly evaluated to test their treatment efficacy. Two studies aimed to test a new self-help book to treat fears, phobias and anxiety in order to see if symptoms of anxiety and associated symptoms, such as functioning and coping, were improved compared to baseline scores and a waiting-list control group. Study 1 adopted a minimal guided approach (experimental group: n = 25; waiting-list control group: n = 29) whereas Study 2 adopted a non-guided approach (experimental group: n = 17; waiting-list control group: n = 16). In both studies, functioning and coping were improved and the current state of phobic symptoms was reduced. The main phobia improved only when adopting a guided approach and general psychological distress only reduced when adopting a non-guided approach. These studies provide preliminary support for a modest effect in a subclinical population. The results could have good implications for the treatment of anxiety and the use of self-help methods as an additional treatment aid or as a preventative treatment.

scholarly journals Supportive Development of Phonological Awareness Through Musical Activities According to Edgar Willems

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110218
Author(s):  
Darija Skubic ◽  
Blažka Gaberc ◽  
Janez Jerman
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Music Program ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Musical Activities

It is important that before entering primary school, the child’s phonological awareness is supported by a variety of different activities whereby phonological awareness is based on a well-developed hearing ability. Hearing is part of the musical activities that support/encourage phonological awareness with the development of rhythmic and melodic music listening. In this article, we aimed to investigate the effects of musical activities derived from the methodological system of Edward Willems on phonological awareness through a quasi-experimental study with 70 children aged 4 to 7 years. Thirty-five of them received 1 hr of music instruction per week for 6 months (experimental group) and the other 35 children received no such musical support (control group). We tested each child’s phonological awareness at the beginning of the music program and after 6 months. The results of the analysis of covariance showed that there was a statistically significant difference in phonological awareness between the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group. The results of the research confirmed that musical activities based on the methodological system Edgar Willems are a good and effective means of promoting phonological awareness, especially in early childhood.

scholarly journals Using Documentary Films in Developing Student’s Critical Thinking Skill: Senior High School Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Jumiati Lanta ◽  
Suleha Ecca ◽  
Asyanti Asyanti ◽  
M.Hijaz Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
School Context ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Documentary Films ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Experimental Group

The quantitative study is aimed to know whether documentary films can be applied to foster students' critical thinking skills. This research was conducted in Class X SMA Negeri 10 Sidenreng Rappang, with a total population of 72 students. Samples were drawn from the entire population by taking 2 classes, namely X IPA as an experimental group of 26 students and X IPS as a control group of 25 students. Data were collected through a critical thinking ability test instrument based on critical thinking indicators, then processed with data analysis using the Mean score (average) and SPSS 2.0. Results of the study showed that the experimental group, which were taught to use the documentary, obtain average value is higher compared with the controls group in fostering the ability to think critically, especially on the subjects of Indonesian with developing materials with the opinion of exposition text. Average score results in critical thinking skills with a documentary film is 91.76 with the results of a significant test of the test independent of 10.878 while the average score of the results that are taught without using documentary 70.84 with value significant 2.009. Based on the results of data analysis, this present study ascertained that documentary films could foster students' critical thinking skills.

Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Praktik Analitik bagi Calon Guru SMK Otomotif

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Febrian Arif Budiman ◽  
Soesanto Soesanto ◽  
Dwi Widjanarko
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Limited Scale ◽  
Experimental Group

Tujuan penelitian yaitu menguji kevalidan, menganalisis kepraktisan, dan keefektifan dari Lembar Kerja Praktik Analitik (LKPA). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan dengan tahapan studi pendahuluan dan pengumpulan informasi, perencanaan desin produk, pengembangan rancangan produk awal, uji coba produk awal, revisi produk, dan uji coba produk skala terbatas. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan dipadu dengan uji beda rata-rata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produk LKPA melalui expertjudgment dinyatakan sangat valid dari segi teknologi pendidikan dan materi kelistrikan otomotif. Kepraktisan LKPA dinyatakan praktis digunakan untuk kegiatan pembelajaran praktikum. Skor tes kemampuan analitik sistem dan starter kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi dari pada kelompok kontrol dan skor tes kedua kelompok berbeda secara signifikan. Analisis keefektifan tersebut menyatakan bahwa LKPA efektif menguatkan kemampuan praktik dan analitik praktikan. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa LKPA valid sebagai perangkat pembelajaran praktikum dan praktis digunakan untuk kegiatan praktikum, serta efektif meningkatkan kemampuan analitik, dan menguatkan kompetensi mahasiswa calon guru otomotif.The purpose this study is testing the validity, analyzing the practicality and effectiveness of analytic practice worksheets (LKPA). This study uses (R&D) method up to limited scale testing products. The data analysis uses descriptive analysis and combined with t-test. The results, products that are finalized with expert judgment are very valid in terms of educational technology and automotive electrical learning material. The practical, stated it practical to be used in practical learning activities. Analytical ability test scores of ignition system and starter system in experimental group test are higher than control group and the two groups are different significantly. The effectiveness analysis, states that LKPA is effective to strengthen the practice ability and analytic ability. The concluded that LKPA is valid as the tools of practical learning and practical to be used for practicum, and also effective in improving analytic capabilities, so there is a strengthening of the competence as the teacher candidates.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Effectiveness of a Programmed Graphemic Option Approach to Teaching Reading to Disadvantaged Children

1972 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara C. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Reading Achievement ◽  
Reading Program ◽  
Instructional Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
Eclectic Approach ◽  
Reading Materials ◽  
School Day ◽  
Grade One ◽  
Experimental Group

How effective is a programmed linguistically-based graphemic option reading approach compared to an eclectic approach with rural disadvantaged children in grades one and two? That is the question this investigator sought to answer with this study. The experimental subjects worked with The Sound Reading Program, a programmed linguistically-based reading approach offering a largely self-instructional program for teaching the basic decoding and processing skills for one hour each school day over a three-month period. The control group continued in the regular ongoing reading program which can best be described as eclectic. The control group did not receive other linguistically-based reading materials or programmed reading materials. Although there was no evidence found in this particular experiment to indicate that the treatment was effective for grade one, this study supports the treatment effect for grade two in both comprehension and word recognition. Furthermore, black subjects in the grade two experimental group were superior to white subjects, while in the control group the results were reversed. Finally, in the grade two experimental group the reading achievement of the boys was equal to the reading achievement of the girls.

scholarly journals Self-help guided by trained lay providers for generalized anxiety disorder in older adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Landreville ◽  
Patrick Gosselin ◽  
Sébastien Grenier ◽  
Pierre-Hugues Carmichael
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background Only a small proportion of older patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) seek professional help. Difficulties in accessing treatment may contribute to this problem. Guided self-help based on the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy (GSH-CBT) is one way of promoting access to psychological treatment. Moreover, because the therapist’s role in GSH-CBT is limited to supporting the patient, this role could be assumed by trained and supervised lay providers (LPs) instead of licensed providers. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of GSH-CBT guided by LPs for primary threshold or subthreshold GAD in older adults. Methods We will conduct a multisite randomized controlled trial comparing an experimental group receiving GSH-CBT guided by LPs (n = 45) to a wait-list control group (n = 45). Treatment will last 15 weeks and will be based on a participant’s manual. Weekly telephone sessions with LPs (30 min maximum) will be limited to providing support. Data will be obtained through clinician evaluations and self-assessment questionnaires. Primary outcomes will be the tendency to worry and severity of GAD symptoms. Secondary outcomes will be anxiety symptoms, sleep difficulties, functional deficit, diagnosis of GAD, and cognitive difficulties. For the experimental group, measurements will take place at pre- and post-treatment and at 6 and 12 months post-treatment. For the control group, three evaluations are planned: two pre-treatment evaluations (before and after the waiting period) and after receiving treatment (post-treatment). The efficacy of GSH-CBT will be established by comparing the change in the two groups on the primary outcomes. Discussion This project will provide evidence on the efficacy of a novel approach to treat GAD in older adults. If effective, it could be implemented on a larger scale and provide many older adults with much needed mental health treatment through an expanded workforce. Trial registration The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03768544, on December 7, 2018.

Effects of an Integrated Physical Education/Music Program in Changing Early Childhood Perceptual-Motor Performance

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Brown ◽  
Claudine Sherrill ◽  
Barbara Gench
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Music Instruction ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Music Program ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Perceptual Motor Performance ◽  
Experimental Group

Two approaches to facilitating perceptual-motor development in children, ages 4 to 6 yr., were investigated. The experimental group ( n = 15) received 24 sessions of integrated physical education/music instruction based upon concepts of Kodaly and Dalcroze. The control group ( n = 15) received 24 sessions of movement exploration and self-testing instruction. Analysis of covariance indicated that significant improvement occurred only in the experimental group, with changes in the motor, auditory, and language aspects of perceptual-motor performance as well as total score.

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