Who Is Afraid of Transparency?

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benzion Barlev ◽  
David B. Citron ◽  
Joshua Rene Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
The Public ◽  
Structure Of Scientific Revolutions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

ABSTRACT The Conceptual Framework issued by the IASB and the FASB in 2010 excludes the concept of transparency on the grounds that it adds nothing to the existing corpus of qualitative characteristics. This paper argues that incorporating the concept of process transparency into the Conceptual Framework would provide the necessary conceptual basis for raising the status of the Management Discussion and Analysis from a non-mandatory guideline to an accounting standard. This would further the Boards' stated public interest objectives of “fostering trust, growth and long-term financial stability” by requiring disclosure of how critical accounting estimates affect reported results and, at a broader level, how and why key strategic management decisions are made. The paper derives this recommendation from a review of notions of transparency and “black box” in the public finance and management literatures. We also analyze the viewpoints expressed in comment letters to the Boards' Discussion Paper and the Exposure Draft, which preceded the Conceptual Framework. In contrast to the Boards' stance we find that most respondents who address the issue of transparency favor its inclusion in the Conceptual Framework. Finally, based on Kuhn's (1970) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, we seek to explain the Boards' objection to the new concept. Data Availability: All data are available from public sources.

scholarly journals 2018: A watershed year for psychedelic science

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 205032451987228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob S Aday ◽  
Christopher C Davoli ◽  
Emily K Bloesch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ballot Initiatives ◽  
The Public ◽  
Psychedelic Drugs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
The Public Sphere

While interest in the study of psychedelic drugs has increased over much of the last decade, in this article, we argue that 2018 marked the true turning point for the field. Substantive advances in the scientific, public, and regulatory communities in 2018 significantly elevated the status and long-term outlook of psychedelic science, particularly in the United States. Advances in the scientific community can be attributed to impactful research applications of psychedelics as well as acknowledgement in preeminent journals. In the public sphere, Michael Pollan’s book How to Change Your Mind was a commercial hit and spurred thought-provoking, positive media coverage on psychedelics. Unprecedented psychedelic ballot initiatives in the United States were representative of changes in public interest. Finally, regulatory bodies began to acknowledge psychedelic science in earnest in 2018, as evidenced by the designation of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy to “breakthrough therapy” status for treatment-resistant depression by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In short, 2018 was a seminal year for psychedelic science.

scholarly journals Modernization of managerial approaches to combating corruption in the context of ensuring the European integration of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Hanna Pashkova
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Complex Goal

The article investigates the phenomenon of corruption as a systemic possibility of forbidden actions and violation of established norms in public administration. Corruption is drawn here as a dangerous social and political phenomenon that emerges as one of the key threats and impediments to the successful development and reconstruction of a country on the way of its European integration. It emerges due to such reasons as blurred authority, insufficient publicity and transparency of the public institution and its’ representatives activity, low index of accountability, which leads to the emergence of personal incentives for officials and, above all, the absence of penalties for violations of rules. Accordingly, the fight against corruption and the public perception of this phenomenon should now be based on regular assessments of the situation in the regions. And national and local strategies to reduce the perception of corruption by the population of the country should be targeted for the long term. Such activities should be based today on the clear principles that define the limits of anti-corruption policy on the central level. Therefore, adherence to these principles can serve as a measure of the efficiency of the state’s anti-corruption policy. The prerequisites for the emergence and progression of this phenomenon on the territory of Ukraine have been determined in the article. The following principles include: political will; financial stability; public awareness raising; assessing the context and local conditions; engaging facilitators; problem identification, risk assessment and stakeholders identification; good governance; complex goal setting; a display of trust and stakeholder engagement; message creation and directing; motivating stakeholders and their expectations framing.

scholarly journals Research on the status quo of psychological care for AIDS patients in adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiling Zhang ◽  
Qin Wei
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Care ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
The Public ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Status ◽  
Psychological Coping

AIDS is a chronic infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus. Due to the infectiousness of AIDS and the lack of specific drugs to treat AIDS, the majority of people still have the psychology of rejection and discrimination against AIDS patients. Under the influence of various factors such as themselves, families and the public, AIDS patients are prone to be negative, inferior and even world-weary. Among them, the mental health status of adolescent AIDS patients is even less optimistic due to their unique psychological characteristics. The living conditions and mental health of this particular group deserve social attention; Psychological nursing is an important way to promote the mental health of adolescent patients. Improving the long-term psychological coping ability of young AIDS patients is beneficial to their own health, family stability and social harmony. This paper studies the current situation of psychological care for AIDS patients in adolescents, analyzes its importance and puts forward some suggestions.

scholarly journals FASB's Not-for-Profit Financial Reporting Project: Analysis of Letters to ASU 2016-14 Exposure Draft

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-75
Author(s):  
Donald R. Deis ◽  
Arpita Shroff
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Financial Accounting Standards Board ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit

ABSTRACT In 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued an Exposure Draft (ED) as part of its first significant project in over 20 years on financial reporting by Not-for-Profit organizations (NFP). In this study, we categorize the 264 letters received on the ED by the type of respondent and analyze the responses using ANOVA, multiple comparisons tests, and multidimensional scaling. Ultimately, as Phase 1 of its NFP project, FASB issued accounting standards update (ASU) 2016-14 containing proposed changes supported by a majority of the respondents to the ED. The Board deferred recommended changes with less support from respondents to Phase 2 of the project. Although constituents often accuse accounting standard setters of standards-overload and for being unresponsive to their comments (Herz 2003), our findings indicate otherwise. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text. JEL Classifications: G00; L31; M40.

scholarly journals Building with Nature in landscape practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 203-220
Author(s):  
Maike Van Stiphout
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Novel Ecosystem ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Building With Nature ◽  
The Status ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Surrounding Landscape

In a world where increased prosperity has created a number of novel, ecosystem-related threats to people’s health and the economy, designing with nature offers a promising outlook to mute the potential negative impacts of our actions and to keep improving the quality of life worldwide. It also provides an alternative to an attitude that has been largely negligent towards our non-human fellow beings. Drawing from the experience of DS landscape architects, four actualized projects and two student master theses illustrate the challenges, opportunities and benefits that building with nature presents. These cases highlight four important lessons for designing with nature in rural and urban landscapes. First, considering the surrounding landscape as a starting point creates a deeper understanding of the situation at hand. This allows for better planning with the ecosystem and enhances the richness of its biodiversity once a project is delivered. Secondly, planning with nature creates the opportunity to let nature do some of the work. This can include water purification, drainage, and cooling. The third lesson is that designing with nature requires a long-term plan. Maintenance might be necessary, and the public may need to be patient to watch the ecosystem slowly flourish through the decades. Finally, creating a new kind of wilderness-imbued beauty to inspire public acceptance and to motivate stewardship is a promising method for establishing a successful long-term nature-inclusive design project. These and other lessons contribute to a field of design where incorporating nature is the status quo.

scholarly journals Budżet roczny - narzędzie stabilizacji czy destabilizacji systemu finansowego JST?

2017 ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
Marek Dylewski
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Public ◽  
Annual Budget

The objective of this study is to answer the question should the annual budget continue to be the basic document and the basis for the financial management of local governments, or is it necessary to make changes in the budget system. These doubts arise from the research question: whether the referred annual budget in the current conditions is a tool of stabilization of the financial system of local government units or not? Introduced in the Public Finance Act of 2009, the system of two independent documents, i.a. the annual budget and the long-term financial forecast, without specification of hierarchy, relationship and connection between these documents, does not lead to financial stability of local government from both the point of view of implementation of the budget and the consequences of decisions made by the local government authorities. The lessons that have been learned indicate that the annual budgeting is increasingly leading to destabilization of the financial system of local government units

Shareholder Wealth Effects of Audit Data Analytics Announcements

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-142
Author(s):  
Joung W. Kim ◽  
Jee-Hae Lim ◽  
Kyunghee Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Abnormal Return ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Shareholder Wealth ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Wealth Effects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Audit Data ◽  
Benefits And Costs

SYNOPSIS This study examines stock market data to assess shareholders' responses to 210 audit data analytics (ADA) announcements from the years 2006 to 2018. Because the benefits and costs of ADA are typically intangible, hidden, and long-term oriented, no studies have empirically validated ADA's associated risks and returns. We analyze the abnormal return of each announcing firm's stock within a two-day period around the date when the firm made an announcement, capturing potential improvements in shareholder value. We find that shareholders are favorable about the prospective returns of client firms who adopt less sophisticated ADA and selective ADA, as those firms can easily coordinate and manage ADA implementation. Our findings may help researchers and practitioners understand complex ADA adoption and related issues, while also helping firms maximize the market impact of their ADA adoption strategies. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

Motivasi dan kepuasan kerja pegawai puskesmas BLUD dan non-BLUD Kabupaten Semarang

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Aswindar Adhi Gumilang ◽  
Tri Pitara Mahanggoro ◽  
Qurrotul Aini
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Demand For Health ◽  
Public Demand

The public demand for health service professionalism and transparent financial management made some Puskesmas in Semarang regency changed the status of public health center to BLUD. The implementation of Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD requires resources that it can work well in order to meet the expectations of the community. The aim of this study is to know the difference of work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD. Method of this research is a comparative descriptive with a quantitative approach. The object of this research are work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD Semarang regency. This Research showed that Sig value. (P-value) work motivation variable was 0.019 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of work motivation of employees in Puskemas BLUD and non-BLUD. Sig value (P-value) variable of job satisfaction was 0.020 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of job satisfaction of BLUD and non-BLUD. The average of non-BLUD employees motivation were 76.59 smaller than the average of BLUD employees were 78.25. The average of job satisfaction of BLUD employees were 129.20 bigger than the average of non-BLUD employee were 124.26. Job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD was higher than non-BLUD employees.

Russian Accounting Standard (PBU) 18/02: Principles on the balance method use

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1356-1382
Author(s):  
E.V. Olomskaya ◽  
A.A. Aksent'ev
Keyword(s):  
Balance Method ◽  
Deferred Taxes ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Public ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Original Approach ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Tax Accounting

Subject. This article discusses the methodological features of Russian Accounting Standard (PBU) 18/02 Income Tax Accounting when using the balance method to account for deferred taxes. It considers whether the clarification of permanent tax differences is justified, and it analyzes in detail the features of accounting for temporary differences and offers a visual and descriptive method for determining and correlating them in accounts. Objectives. The article aims to justify the reason for linking permanent tax differences to such accounting categories as Income and Expenses. It also aims to develop a methodological toolkit that simplifies the perception of the balance method and demonstrates the procedure for determining temporary differences. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis, synthesis, observation, comparison, and other general scientific methods. Results. The article justifies the clarification of permanent differences from the position of accounting categories. It offers an original approach that helps visually classify temporary differences. The formalization of the balance method helped identify the logic of its reflection in accounting statements. Conclusions and Relevance. To ensure that accounting is not distorted due to the impact of taxation, it is necessary to develop a unified conceptual framework, as well as develop existing methods and introduce new ones that do not contradict the public concept of interaction between accounting and tax accounting. The research results are intended for training, scientific and practical activities of specialists in the field of accounting and audit, as well as students studying under this program, in order to study the features of applying the balance method for accounting for deferred taxes.

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE COURT AS A PREREQUISITE FOR THE LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY OF A JUDGE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Skoromnyy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern System ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Law ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The article reveals the conceptual foundations of the social responsibility of the court as an important prerequisite for the legal responsibility of a judge. It has been established that the problem of court and judge liability is regulated by the following international and Ukrainian documents, such as: 1) European Charter on the Law «On the Status of Judges» adopted by the Council of Europe; 2) The Law of Ukraine «On the Judicial System and the Status of Judges»; 3) the Constitution of Ukraine; 4) The Code of Judicial Ethics, approved by the Decision of the XI (regular) Congress of Judges of Ukraine; 5) Recommendation CM/Rec (2010) 12 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Council of Europe to member states regarding judges: independence, efficiency and responsibilities; 6) Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct. The results of a survey conducted by the Democratic Initiatives Foundation and the Razumkov Center, the Council of Judges of Ukraine and the Center for Judicial Studios with the support of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation based on the «Monitoring of the State of Independence of Judges in Ukraine – 2012» as part of the study of the level of trust in the modern system were considered and analyzed, justice, judges and courts. It is determined that a judge has both a legal and a moral duty to impartially, independently, in a timely manner and comprehensively consider court cases and make fair judicial decisions, administering justice on the basis of legislative norms. Based on the study of the practice of litigation, it has been proven that judges must skillfully operate with various instruments of protection from public influence. It has been established that in order to ensure the protection of judges from the public, it is necessary to create special units that will function as part of judicial self-government bodies. It was proposed that the Council of Judges of Ukraine, which acts as the highest body of judicial self- government in our state (in Ukraine), legislate the provision on ensuring the protection of the procedural independence of judges.

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