Grafting – Basic Principles and Surgical Applications, Part I

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Henn ◽  
Kellen Chen ◽  
Janos A. Barrera ◽  
Jagannath Padmanabhan ◽  
Sun Hyung Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Skin Grafting ◽  
Fat Grafting ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Recipient Site ◽  
Biological Scaffolds

Grafting is defined as a surgical procedure in which tissue is transplanted without its native blood supply from one anatomic region of the body to another. A graft can be transplanted within the same individual (autograft), or between individuals of the same (allograft) or a different species (xenograft). A graft fully relies on the blood supply of its recipient site, which is why healthy and well vascularized recipient sites are prerequisites for successful graft healing. Various types of tissues can be grafted with reliable healing rates and have become part of standard surgical treatment strategies. Pre-clinical research approaches within tissue engineering and regenerative medicine using stem cells, biological scaffolds, biomolecules, and gene therapy have demonstrated great advances in graft vascularization and healing and may yield translational treatment strategies improving patient outcomes in the future. This review contains 3 figures, and 48 references. Keywords: autograft, allograft, xenograft, vascularization, skin grafting, fat grafting, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine

scholarly journals Sources and Clinical Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: State-of-the-art review

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Berebichez-Fridman ◽  
Pablo R. Montero-Olvera
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

First discovered by Friedenstein in 1976, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells found throughout the body that share a fixed set of characteristics. Discovered initially in the bone marrow, this cell source is considered the gold standard for clinical research, although various other sources—including adipose tissue, dental pulp, mobilised peripheral blood and birth-derived tissues—have since been identified. Although similar, MSCs derived from different sources possess distinct characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, including their differentiation potential and proliferation capacity, which influence their applicability. Hence, they may be used for specific clinical applications in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This review article summarises current knowledge regarding the various sources, characteristics and therapeutic applications of MSCs.Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Adult Stem Cells; Regenerative Medicine; Cell Differentiation; Tissue Engineering.

scholarly journals Cell Biological Techniques and Cell-Biomaterial Interactions

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2094
Author(s):  
Yunqing Kang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Biomaterials play a key role in modern tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. They are expected to take over the function of a damaged tissue in the long term, trigger the self-healing potential of the body, and biodegrade at an appropriate rate. To meet these requirements, it is imperative to understand the cell-biomaterial interactions and develop new cell biotechnologies. The collection of this Special Issue brings together a number of studies portraying the underlying mechanisms of cell-biomaterial interactions.

scholarly journals Scaffolding Strategies for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Applications

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Pina ◽  
Viviana P. Ribeiro ◽  
Catarina F. Marques ◽  
F. Raquel Maia ◽  
Tiago H. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Preclinical Research

During the past two decades, tissue engineering and the regenerative medicine field have invested in the regeneration and reconstruction of pathologically altered tissues, such as cartilage, bone, skin, heart valves, nerves and tendons, and many others. The 3D structured scaffolds and hydrogels alone or combined with bioactive molecules or genes and cells are able to guide the development of functional engineered tissues, and provide mechanical support during in vivo implantation. Naturally derived and synthetic polymers, bioresorbable inorganic materials, and respective hybrids, and decellularized tissue have been considered as scaffolding biomaterials, owing to their boosted structural, mechanical, and biological properties. A diversity of biomaterials, current treatment strategies, and emergent technologies used for 3D scaffolds and hydrogel processing, and the tissue-specific considerations for scaffolding for Tissue engineering (TE) purposes are herein highlighted and discussed in depth. The newest procedures focusing on the 3D behavior and multi-cellular interactions of native tissues for further use for in vitro model processing are also outlined. Completed and ongoing preclinical research trials for TE applications using scaffolds and hydrogels, challenges, and future prospects of research in the regenerative medicine field are also presented.

scholarly journals A thermoreversible, photocrosslinkable collagen bio-ink for free-form fabrication of scaffolds for regenerative medicine

TECHNOLOGY ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Drzewiecki ◽  
Juilee N. Malavade ◽  
Ijaz Ahmed ◽  
Christopher J. Lowe ◽  
David I. Shreiber
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Type I ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Good Pattern ◽  
Further Development

As a biomaterial, collagen has been used throughout tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Collagen is native to the body, is highly biocompatible, and naturally promotes cell adhesion and regeneration. However, collagen fibers and the inherent weak mechanical properties of collagen hydrogels interfere with further development of collagen as a bio-ink. Herein, we demonstrate the use of a modified type-I collagen, collagen methacrylamide (CMA), as a fibril-forming bio-ink for free-form fabrication of scaffolds. Like collagen, CMA can self-assemble into a fibrillar hydrogel at physiological conditions. In contrast, CMA is photocrosslinkable and thermoreversible, and photocrosslinking eliminates thermoreversibility. Free-form fabrication of CMA was performed through self-assembly of the CMA hydrogel, photocrosslinking the structure of interest using a photomask, and cooling the entire hydrogel, which results in cold-melting of unphotocrosslinked regions. Printed hydrogels had a resolution on the order of [Formula: see text]350[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, and can be fabricated with or without cells and maintain viability or be further processed into freeze-dried sponges, all while retaining pattern fidelity. A subcutaneous implant study confirmed the biocompatibility of CMA in comparison to collagen. Free-form fabrication of CMA allows for printing of macroscale, customized scaffolds with good pattern fidelity and can be implemented with relative ease for continued research and development of collagen-based scaffolds in tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Advances in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering: Innovation and Transformation of Medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Dzobo ◽  
Nicholas Ekow Thomford ◽  
Dimakatso Alice Senthebane ◽  
Hendrina Shipanga ◽  
Arielle Rowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Made In

Humans and animals lose tissues and organs due to congenital defects, trauma, and diseases. The human body has a low regenerative potential as opposed to the urodele amphibians commonly referred to as salamanders. Globally, millions of people would benefit immensely if tissues and organs can be replaced on demand. Traditionally, transplantation of intact tissues and organs has been the bedrock to replace damaged and diseased parts of the body. The sole reliance on transplantation has created a waiting list of people requiring donated tissues and organs, and generally, supply cannot meet the demand. The total cost to society in terms of caring for patients with failing organs and debilitating diseases is enormous. Scientists and clinicians, motivated by the need to develop safe and reliable sources of tissues and organs, have been improving therapies and technologies that can regenerate tissues and in some cases create new tissues altogether. Tissue engineering and/or regenerative medicine are fields of life science employing both engineering and biological principles to create new tissues and organs and to promote the regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues and organs. Major advances and innovations are being made in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and have a huge impact on three-dimensional bioprinting (3D bioprinting) of tissues and organs. 3D bioprinting holds great promise for artificial tissue and organ bioprinting, thereby revolutionizing the field of regenerative medicine. This review discusses how recent advances in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering can improve 3D bioprinting and vice versa. Several challenges must be overcome in the application of 3D bioprinting before this disruptive technology is widely used to create organotypic constructs for regenerative medicine.

Marine origin materials on biomaterials and advanced therapies to cartilage tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duarte Nuno Carvalho ◽  
Rui Reis ◽  
T. H. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Repair Capacity ◽  
Marine Origin ◽  
The Past ◽  
Advanced Therapies

The body´s self-repair capacity is limited, including injuries on articular cartilage zones. Over the past few decades, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) have focused the studies on the development...

scholarly journals Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Regenerative Medicine

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5371
Author(s):  
Nina Filipczak ◽  
Satya Siva Kishan Yalamarty ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Muhammad Muzamil Khan ◽  
Farzana Parveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Innovative Drug ◽  
Natural Healing

The most important goal of regenerative medicine is to repair, restore, and regenerate tissues and organs that have been damaged as a result of an injury, congenital defect or disease, as well as reversing the aging process of the body by utilizing its natural healing potential. Regenerative medicine utilizes products of cell therapy, as well as biomedical or tissue engineering, and is a huge field for development. In regenerative medicine, stem cells and growth factor are mainly used; thus, innovative drug delivery technologies are being studied for improved delivery. Drug delivery systems offer the protection of therapeutic proteins and peptides against proteolytic degradation where controlled delivery is achievable. Similarly, the delivery systems in combination with stem cells offer improvement of cell survival, differentiation, and engraftment. The present review summarizes the significance of biomaterials in tissue engineering and the importance of colloidal drug delivery systems in providing cells with a local environment that enables them to proliferate and differentiate efficiently, resulting in successful tissue regeneration.

P8 3D BIOLOGICAL SCAFFOLDS OBTAINED FROM DISCARDED HUMAN LIVERS AS A PLATFORM FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. S69 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mazza ◽  
K. Rombouts ◽  
M. Malago' ◽  
D. Dhar ◽  
A. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Biological Scaffolds ◽  
Human Livers

scholarly journals Towards functional regeneration of perhaps the most difficult tissue in the body: articular cartilage

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
P. R. Van Weeren
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Biological Effect ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Collagen Network ◽  
Gradual Process

Regenerative medicine aims at restoring or improving lost or affected functions of the body by stimulating the inherent healing capacity of tissues. The central paradigm of tissue engineering is that such repair is facilitated and enhanced using several approaches that may range from application of biologically active products (such as growth factor containing platelet rich plasma (PRP) or stem cells from a variety of sources) to the use of biofabricated implants. In all cases the aim is that in the end the body’s own healing capacity will result in the production of tissues that are identical to or at least functionally equivalent to the original tissues of which the function has been (partially) lost. In the case of the use of biofabricated implants, these are meant as temporary scaffolds that will stimulate the body’s own cells through a variety of cues but are destined to finally degrade and be replaced by newly made tissue. Ideally, this is a well-balanced gradual process in which there is a match between the disappearance (and loss of biological effect) of the engineered tissues and the formation (and increased biological effect) of the native tissues that replace the implant.There are many examples of successful applications of this theory, e.g. in the areas of bladder reconstruction (Londono & Badylak 2015). However, recently, it has become clear that this concept (and hence the paradigm) does not hold for articular cartilage because the collagen network, which is crucial for the biomechanical functions of articular cartilage, will, once damaged, not be reconstituted to any degree in mature individuals (Heinemeier et al. 2016). For this reason, a paradigm shift is necessary in the field of regenerative medicine of articular cartilage and attempts at tissue engineering in this field will have to be redirected. There are in principle two ways to achieve such a paradigm shift: either by recreating the tissue homeostatic and (epi)genetic environment as present in fetuses and young, growing, individuals in which remodeling of the collagen network is still possible, or by adopting Nature’s approach in the mature individual, i.e. by creating a life-long persisting, immutable structural component of articular cartilage. Both ways face considerable challenges before they can become reality.

Tissue engineering in regenerative medicine

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Barbara Różalska ◽  
Bartłomiej Micota ◽  
Małgorzata Paszkiewicz ◽  
Beata Sadowska
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine
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