scholarly journals Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in patients submitted to ionizing radiation

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Coelho Lorenzoni ◽  
Ana Carolina Cuzzuol Fracalossi ◽  
Viviane Carlin ◽  
Daniel Araki Ribeiro ◽  
Eduardo Franzotti Sant'Anna
Keyword(s):  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Conventional Radiograph ◽  
Buccal Mucosa Cells ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Nuclear Alterations

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate and compare mutagenicity (micronucleus) and cytotoxicity (karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis) in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells of children following cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) or conventional radiograph exposure necessary for orthodontic planning. Materials and Methods: A total of 49 healthy children were submitted to CBCT or a conventional orthodontic radiographic protocol; they were divided into two groups based on exam: CBCT (n  =  24) and Radiographic Set (n  =  25) groups. The micronucleus test in the exfoliated buccal mucosa cells was applied. Results: There was not a statistically significant difference (P > .05) found between the number of micronucleated buccal mucosa cells (MNC) before and after exposure to radiation in either group, showing that neither group experienced a mutagenic effect. However, radiation did cause other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity, including karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis, in both groups (P < .05). The CBCT group presented a greater increase in cell death than was noted in the Radiographic Set group (P < .044). Conclusion: According to the micronucleus test, mutagenicity was not induced by the CBCT or the conventional radiographs, but cytotoxicity was verified after these exams, especially after CBCT. That might have happened once the CBCT group received a greater radiation dose than the Radiographic Set group as a result of the protocols used in orthodontic planning for this study.

Cytogenetic Biomonitoring in Buccal Mucosa Cells from Young Smokers

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 474-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Hugo Pereira da Silva ◽  
Raquel de Luna Antonio ◽  
Sabine Pompeia ◽  
Daniel Araki Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Buccal Mucosa Cells ◽  
Young Smokers ◽  
Oral Cancer Risk ◽  
Nuclear Alterations

Objective: Nowadays, much attention has been focused on the search for new non-invasive methodologies able to predict malignant transformation of oral mucosa cells. The aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate DNA damage (micronucleus) and cellular death (pyknosis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis) in exfoliated oral mucosa cells from smokers and non-smokers in buccal mucosa cells. Study Design: A total of 24 young, healthy smokers and 14 non-smokers were included in this setting. Individuals had epithelial cells from the cheek mechanically exfoliated, placed in fixative and dropped in clean slides which were checked for the above nuclear phenotypes. Results: Smokers presented more (p < 0.05) micronucleated oral mucosa cells than non-smokers. Tobacco smoke was not able to increase other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity such as karyorrhexis, pyknosis and karyolysis. Conclusion: In summary, these data indicate that the cigarette is able to induce micronuclei in oral mucosa cells, so the micronucleus test is a suitable method for predicting oral cancer risk.

Varicella Vaccine (VarilRix) in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4436-4436
Author(s):  
Teresa Jackowska Ass ◽  
Robert Wasilewski ◽  
Elzbieta Górska ◽  
Maria Wasik ◽  
Teresa Loch
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: To assess the effectiveness of vaccination against varicella in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods: 105 children without a history of varicella, were qualified for immunization against varicella with VARILRIX (Oka-strain varicella vaccine). 48 children had ALL and 57 were healthy. 25 of the children with ALL were receiving maintenance therapy, 23 children were after chemotherapy. Results: White blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, and sub-populations of T- and B-lymphocytes were compared in the healthy and leukemic children before and after vaccination. The ALL children had significantly lower counts of WBC and lymphocytes before vaccination. After vaccination there were no significant differences in the counts of WBC in the healthy and leukemic children. However the ALL children had significantly lower mean counts of lymphocytes. Before vaccination the leukemic children showed a significantly lowered percentage of T-lymphocytes with decreased CD4+ and increased CD8+, what resulted in a lowered CD4 to CD8 ratio. After vaccination, only increased numbers of T CD8+ lymphocytes and a lowered CD4 to CD8 ratio were present while there was no significant difference in CD4. In the healthy and leukemic children alike there was no statistically significant difference between B-lymphocytes (CD 19+) and NK cells. In 10 children (20%), out of the 48 ALL vaccines, varicelliform rash occurred ~1 month after immunization. No adverse effects we observed in healthy children. Seroconversion to varicella-zoster virus was higher in healthy children and ALL children who had skin rash after vaccination. Two ALL children and three healthy ones had varicella one-two years after the vaccination. Those children received only single vaccine doses (double vaccine doses received children above 12 years). Conclusion: Varicella vaccine was safe and immunogenic in leukemic children during maintenance and after chemotherapy.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF GENOTOXICITY IN ERITHROCYTES OF TURTLES (Phrynops hilarii) FROM ANTHROPIZED AND NATURAL SITES OF ENTRE RÍOS, ARGENTINA

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
G. V. Castaño ◽  
M. Cabagna Zenklusen ◽  
Y. Prieto ◽  
A. S. Manzano
Keyword(s):  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Bioindicator Species ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nuclear Alterations ◽  
Entre Rios ◽  
Non Destructive

The micronucleus test (MN) is a biomarker of non-destructive genotoxicity that allows chromosomal damage and other nuclear alterations (NA) to be detected. Phrynops hilarii is a freshwater chelonium that inhabits regions of central-northern Argentina. The main objective was to determine the presence of MN and other NA in erythrocytes of natural populations of P. hilarii comparing their frequencies between three sites, two anthropized and one of control (cities of Diamante and Paraná) of Entre Ríos, Argentina, during the period 2015-2016. Eighteen individuals (six per sampling site) were evaluated at the sites: 1- PD: Pre-Delta National Park (control), 2- AG: Salto Ander Egg (agroecosystem) and 3- SU: Caleta Club Náutico (urban system). Blood was obtained from the femoral vein. The samples were stained with the May Grünwald-Giemsa method and observed under a microscope with an immersion objective. Micronucleus (MNF) and nuclear alterations (NAF) frequencies were determined every 1000 erythrocytes observed. A significant difference (p<0.05) was found between the PD site and the other sites (AG and SU), both for MNF (p=0.0021) and for NAF (p=0.0011). The highest frequency values ​​corresponded to the AG site (MNF: 3.33 ± 0.62; NAF: 4.67 ± 0.56). Finally, biomonitoring with P. hilarii was useful, so it could be considered as a bioindicator species to assess the quality of Argentina’s environments. Key words: Genotoxicity biomarkers, micronucleus test, nuclear alterations

scholarly journals Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of cone beam computed tomography in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doua H. Altoukhi ◽  
Sumer Alaki ◽  
Eman El Ashiry ◽  
Osama Nassif ◽  
Dania Sabbahi
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Condensed Chromatin ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Abstract Background Dental radiographs are essential tools for diagnosis. However, there are significant concerns about the dangerous effect of radiation especially on children. The aim of this study was to evaluate genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa of children subjected to Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Methods The study included 18 healthy children aged (9–12 years) who were exposed to CBCT. All CBCT scans were performed with the i-CAT CBCT. Exfoliated buccal cells were scraped from the left and right cheek immediately before the exposure, after 10 ± 2 days, and after 1 month. Cells were stained using Feulgen/fast green stain and examined under light microscopy. Genotoxicity (Micronuclei) and cytotoxicity (condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis) were scored. Statistical analysis was performed using the McNemar test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, and Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results There were statistically significant differences in the mean percentages of micronuclei, condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis before and 10 ± 2 days after the CBCT scan (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of micronuclei, condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, or pyknosis before and 1 month after the exposure (p > 0.05) except for karyolysis (p < 0.05). Conclusions CBCT may induce genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in buccal mucosa cells of children. Therefore, CBCT should not be prescribed unless necessary as it cannot be considered a risk-free procedure.

scholarly journals Genotoxicity evaluation of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in exfoliated cervical cells using the micronucleus (MN) test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse G. Zamani ◽  
Rengin Karatayli ◽  
Kazim Gezginc ◽  
Aynur Acar ◽  
Mahmut Selman Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chromosomal Damage ◽  
Cervical Epithelium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Cervical Mucosa ◽  
Cervical Cells ◽  
Nuclear Alterations

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether any relationships exist between the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) and micronuclei or other nuclear anomalies, including condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis, on the cervical epithelium in young women. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted. The study population comprised healthy women aged ≤40 years who were referred for birth control. Cervical smears that were obtained from 18 women before and three months after LNG-IUS insertion were tested for micronuclei and other nuclear anomaliesusing the micronucleus test. Results: The results revealed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in the frequency of micronucleated exfoliated cervical mucosa cells after LNG-IUS exposure. However, LNG-IUS was able to increase other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity. Conclusions: Data indicated that exposure to LNG-IUS may not be a factor in inducing chromosomal damage, but it can promote cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Determination of Root Canal Cleanliness by Different Irrigation Methods and Morphometric Analysis of Apical Third

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 442-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Estrela ◽  
Fábio Heredia Seixas ◽  
Mike Reis Bueno ◽  
Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto ◽  
Jesus Djalma Pécora
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to determine the root canal area before and after the instrumentation 1 mm short of the apical foramen by clinical and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) methods, and to evaluate the cleanliness of the apical region in mesiodistal flattened teeth by using optical microscopy. Materials and methods Forty-two human single-canal mandibular incisors were instrumented using the Free Tip Preparation technique up to three, four or five instruments from the initial. Cone beam computed tomography scans were acquired of the samples before and after root canal preparation (RCP). Irrigation was performed by conventional or hydrodynamic means, using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. The samples were prepared for observation under an optical microscope. Images were digitally obtained, analyzed and the results were submitted to statistical analysis (two-way ANOVA complemented by Bonferroni's post-test). Results There was no significant difference between the studied anatomical areas with both CBCT and clinical methods. There were no differences between irrigation methods. It was verified differences between instrumentation techniques. Instrumentation with four instruments from the initial instrument determined a significant increase in the contact area when compared to preparation with three instruments, but RCP with 5 instruments did not result in a better cleanliness. Conclusion The analysis with CBCT was not capable to determine the precise shape of surgical apical area comparing to the clinical method. Clinical significance Both the conventional and hydrodynamic irrigation techniques were not able to promote root canals debris-free. The instruments action in root canal walls was proportional to the number of instruments used from the initial apical instrument. How to cite this article Seixas FH, Estrela C, Bueno MR, Sousa-Neto MD, Pécora JD. Determination of Root Canal Cleanliness by Different Irrigation Methods and Morphometric Analysis of Apical Third. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(6):442-450.

Genotoxic Effects of Dental Panoramic Radiograph in Children

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman El-Ashiry ◽  
Eman Abo-Hager ◽  
Abeer Gawish
Keyword(s):  
Panoramic Radiograph ◽  
Dental Radiography ◽  
Condensed Chromatin ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Chromosomal Damage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Dental Panoramic Radiograph ◽  
Nuclear Alterations

This study was completed to evaluate chromosomal damage (micronucleus) and cellular death in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells taken from healthy children following exposure to panoramic radiation during dental radiography. Method: Twenty children who underwent panoramic dental radiography for diagnostic purposes were included. Cytological preparations were stained with Feulgen stain, identified under light microscopy. Micronuclei, apoptotic nuclear alterations (condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis) and necrosis (karyolysis) were scored. Results showed no statistically significant differences in children's micronucleated oral mucosa cells before and after panoramic dental X-Ray exposure. On the other hand,there was a statistically significant increase in nuclear alterations closely related to genotoxicity such as condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis and pyknosis, while karyolysis of oral mucosal cells did not show significant increase after panoramic X-Ray exposure. Conclusion: Dental panoramic radiography may not be a factor that induces chromosomal damage, but is able to promote genotoxicity in children.

scholarly journals Micronucleus Frequency in Buccal Cells of Males Exposed to Air Pollution in Kufa City

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farha A. Ali Shafi
Keyword(s):  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Buccal Cells ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cement Factory ◽  
Buccal Mucosa Cells ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Genomic Damage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

The aim of the present study is to explore micronuclei recurrence, as a biomarker of genomic damage in buccal cells of individuals living in polluted areas located near to the cement factory in Kufa city. Twenty four apparently healthy males residing in Kufa are enrolled in the present study, their ages between 18-30 years, as control group 24 males with same age are enrolled liv-ing in the center of Najaf city a far from cement factory. A sample of the exposed and control groups of buccal mucosa cells was collected during Spring months in 2016. The mean count of cell with micronuclei in buccal cells of the exposed group and control were (22.33 ± 0.97; 11.583 ± 0.85) respectively, the mean count of the binucleated cells of the exposed and control groups were (7.208 ± 0.71, 10.041 ± 0.84) respectively, a significant difference was detected in the ob-served frequencies of micronuclei and binnucleated cells in the buccal mucosa cells between the exposed and control group. The results indicated that exposure to air pollutants related to cement production induce cytotoxic as well as genotoxic damage in buccal mucosa cells

scholarly journals Comparation between serum levels of interleukin-33 in children with allergic asthma before and after inhalatory corticosteroid treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 304-309
Author(s):  
Borko Milanovic ◽  
Gordana Vijatov-Djuric ◽  
Jelena Stojcevic-Maletic ◽  
Vesna Stojanovic
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Interleukin 33 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
And Control

Introduction/Objective. Interleukin 33 (IL-33) has a very significant function in inflammatory and autoimmune mechanisms, but its significance in immunopathogenic mechanisms of different allergic diseases, including allergic asthma (AA), is becoming increasingly emphasized. The objective of the study was to investigate serum levels of IL-33 in children with AA before applying inhalation corticosteroid therapy (ICS Th) and six months after it, correlating the gathered values of IL-33 with some clinical traits of the patient. Methods. The serum value of IL-33 has been determined in 61 children with AA before starting treatment and six months after treatment with ICS Th, and this was repeated in 30 healthy children. Results. Values of IL-33 in serum are significantly higher in children with AA that have not been treated with ICS Th during six months (p = 0.00; p < 0.05), which is also the case when comparing with healthy children (p = 0.00; p < 0.05). Serum values of IL-33 in children with AA after six months of ICS Th and in healthy children do not show significant difference (p = 0.88; p > 0.05). The correlation between serum values of IL-33 before applying ICS Th and the severity, degree of AA control, and the applied dose of ICS Th is statistically significant and positive. Conclusion. IL-33 values in the serum are significantly higher in children with untreated AA in those with poorly controlled AA. Six-month treatment with ICS Th leads to significant reduction of IL-33 serum levels, whose values are in positive correlation with the severity and control of AA.

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