Transcriptional analysis of genes encoding proteins significantly increased in Kitasatospora setae KM-6054T under submerged culture

ABSTRACT Comparison of the phenotypic expression of Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain R low (passage 15) to that of strain R high (passage 164) revealed that three proteins, i.e., the cytadhesin molecule GapA, a 116-kDa protein (p116), and a 45-kDa protein (p45), are missing in strain R high. Sequence analysis confirmed that the insertion of an adenine 105 bp downstream of the gapAtranslational start codon resulted in premature termination of translation in R high. A second adenine insertion had also occurred at position 907. Restoration of expression of wild-type gapAin R high (clone designated GT5) allowed us to evaluate the extent to which the diminished cytadherence capacity could be attributed to GapA alone. The results indicated that GT5 attached to the same limited extent as the parental R high, from which it was derived. The cytadherence capability of the parental R high was not restored solely by gapA complementation alone, indicating that either p116 or p45 or both may play a role in the overall cytadherence process. The gene encoding p116 was found to be immediately downstream ofgapA in the same operon and was designatedcrmA. This gene exhibited striking homology to genes encoding molecules with cytadhesin-related functions in bothMycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium. Transcriptional analysis revealed thatcrmA is not transcribed in R high. We are currently constructing a shuttle vector containing both the wild-typegapA and crmA for transformation into R high to assess the role of CrmA in the cytadherence process.

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Cloning, sequencing and transcriptional analysis of a Streptomyces coelicolor operon containing the rplM and rpsI genes encoding ribosomal proteins ScoL13 and ScoS9

MGG Molecular & General Genetics ◽

10.1007/s004380050627 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 257 (1) ◽

pp. 91-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. Sanchez ◽

G. Blanco ◽

C. Mendez ◽

J. A. Salas

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Proteins ◽

Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽

Transcriptional Analysis ◽

Genes Encoding

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Transcriptional analysis of genes encoding β-glucosidase of Schizophyllum commune KUC9397 under optimal conditions

Folia Microbiologica ◽

10.1007/s12223-016-0484-5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 191-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Young Min Lee ◽

Hanbyul Lee ◽

Young Mok Heo ◽

Hwanhwi Lee ◽

Joo-Hyun Hong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Schizophyllum Commune ◽

Transcriptional Analysis ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Genes Encoding

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Involvement of PatE, a Prophage-Encoded AraC-Like Regulator, in the Transcriptional Activation of Acid Resistance Pathways of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Strain EDL933

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00617-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 78 (15) ◽

pp. 5083-5092 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jennifer K. Bender ◽

Judyta Praszkier ◽

Matthew J. Wakefield ◽

Kathryn Holt ◽

Marija Tauschek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Transcriptional Activation ◽

Regulatory Protein ◽

Acid Resistance ◽

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽

Transcriptional Analysis ◽

Mobility Shift ◽

Content Type ◽

Infectious Dose ◽

Genes Encoding

ABSTRACTEnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli(EHEC) O157:H7 is a lethal human intestinal pathogen that causes hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. EHEC is transmitted by the fecal-oral route and has a lower infectious dose than most other enteric bacterial pathogens in that fewer than 100 CFU are able to cause disease. This low infectious dose has been attributed to the ability of EHEC to survive in the acidic environment of the human stomach.In silicoanalysis of the genome of EHEC O157:H7 strain EDL933 revealed a gene,patE, for a putative AraC-like regulatory protein within the prophage island, CP-933H. Transcriptional analysis inE. colishowed that the expression ofpatEis induced during stationary phase. Data from microarray assays demonstrated that PatE activates the transcription of genes encoding proteins of acid resistance pathways. In addition, PatE downregulated the expression of a number of genes encoding heat shock proteins and the type III secretion pathway of EDL933. Transcriptional analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays suggested that PatE also activates the transcription of the gene for the acid stress chaperonehdeAby binding to its promoter region. Finally, assays of acid tolerance showed that increasing the expression of PatE in EHEC greatly enhanced the ability of the bacteria to survive in different acidic environments. Together, these findings indicate that EHEC strain EDL933 carries a prophage-encoded regulatory system that contributes to acid resistance.

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Global Regulatory Impact of ClpP Protease of Staphylococcus aureus on Regulons Involved in Virulence, Oxidative Stress Response, Autolysis, and DNA Repair

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.00074-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 188 (16) ◽

pp. 5783-5796 ◽

Cited By ~ 128

Author(s):

Antje Michel ◽

Franziska Agerer ◽

Christof R. Hauck ◽

Mathias Herrmann ◽

Joachim Ullrich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Dna Repair ◽

Stress Response ◽

Oxidative Stress Response ◽

Transcriptional Analysis ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Wide Range ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Regulatory Impact

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen, causing a wide range of infections including sepsis, wound infections, pneumonia, and catheter-related infections. In several pathogens ClpP proteases were identified by in vivo expression technologies to be important for virulence. Clp proteolytic complexes are responsible for adaptation to multiple stresses by degrading accumulated and misfolded proteins. In this report clpP, encoding the proteolytic subunit of the ATP-dependent Clp protease, was deleted, and gene expression of ΔclpP was determined by global transcriptional analysis using DNA-microarray technology. The transcriptional profile reveals a strong regulatory impact of ClpP on the expression of genes encoding proteins that are involved in the pathogenicity of S. aureus and adaptation of the pathogen to several stresses. Expression of the agr system and agr-dependent extracellular virulence factors was diminished. Moreover, the loss of clpP leads to a complete transcriptional derepression of genes of the CtsR- and HrcA-controlled heat shock regulon and a partial derepression of genes involved in oxidative stress response, metal homeostasis, and SOS DNA repair controlled by PerR, Fur, MntR, and LexA. The levels of transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in adaptation to anaerobic conditions potentially regulated by an Fnr-like regulator were decreased. Furthermore, the expression of genes whose products are involved in autolysis was deregulated, leading to enhanced autolysis in the mutant. Our results indicate a strong impact of ClpP proteolytic activity on virulence, stress response, and physiology in S. aureus.

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Disruption of the Transcriptional Regulator Cas5 Results in Enhanced Killing of Candida albicans by Fluconazole

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00064-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 58 (11) ◽

pp. 6807-6818 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Erin M. Vasicek ◽

Elizabeth L. Berkow ◽

Vincent M. Bruno ◽

Aaron P. Mitchell ◽

Nathan P. Wiederhold ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Transcriptional Network ◽

Transcriptional Analysis ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Content Type ◽

Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽

Fungistatic Activity ◽

Yeast Extract Peptone Dextrose ◽

Genes Encoding

ABSTRACTAzole antifungal agents such as fluconazole exhibit fungistatic activity againstCandida albicans. Strategies to enhance azole antifungal activity would be therapeutically appealing. In an effort to identify transcriptional pathways that influence the killing activity of fluconazole, we sought to identify transcription factors (TFs) involved in this process. From a collection ofC. albicansstrains disrupted for genes encoding TFs (O. R. Homann, J. Dea, S. M. Noble, and A. D. Johnson, PLoS Genet. 5:e1000783, 2009,http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000783), four strains exhibited marked reductions in minimum fungicidal concentration (MFCs) in both RPMI and yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) media. One of these genes,UPC2, was previously characterized with regard to its role in azole susceptibility. Of mutants representing the three remaining TF genes of interest, one (CAS5) was unable to recover from fluconazole exposure at concentrations as low as 2 μg/ml after 72 h in YPD medium. This mutant also showed reduced susceptibility and a clear zone of inhibition by Etest, was unable to grow on solid medium containing 10 μg/ml fluconazole, and exhibited increased susceptibility by time-kill analysis.CAS5disruption in highly azole-resistant clinical isolates exhibiting multiple resistance mechanisms did not alter susceptibility. However,CAS5disruption in strains with specific resistance mutations resulted in moderate reductions in MICs and MFCs. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis was performed in the presence of fluconazole and was consistent with the suggested role ofCAS5in cell wall organization while also suggesting a role in iron transport and homeostasis. These findings suggest that Cas5 regulates a transcriptional network that influences the response ofC. albicansto fluconazole. Further delineation of this transcriptional network may identify targets for potential cotherapeutic strategies to enhance the activity of the azole class of antifungals.

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Characterization of a Novel Bile-Inducible Operon Encoding a Two-Component Regulatory System in Lactobacillus acidophilus

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.00337-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 189 (13) ◽

pp. 4624-4634 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Erika A. Pfeiler ◽

M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril ◽

Todd R. Klaenhammer

Keyword(s):

Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽

Response Regulator ◽

Regulatory System ◽

Hypothetical Protein ◽

Cellular Growth ◽

Transcriptional Analysis ◽

Bile Tolerance ◽

Two Component ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Global Transcriptional Profile

ABSTRACT Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM is an industrially important strain used extensively as a probiotic culture. Tolerance of the presence of bile is an attribute important to microbial survival in the intestinal tract. A whole-genome microarray was employed to examine the effects of bile on the global transcriptional profile of this strain, with the intention of elucidating genes contributing to bile tolerance. Genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were generally induced, while genes involved in other aspects of cellular growth were mostly repressed. A 7-kb eight-gene operon encoding a two-component regulatory system (2CRS), a transporter, an oxidoreductase, and four hypothetical proteins was significantly upregulated in the presence of bile. Deletion mutations were constructed in six genes of the operon. Transcriptional analysis of the 2CRS mutants showed that mutation of the histidine protein kinase (HPK) had no effect on the induction of the operon, whereas the mutated response regulator (RR) showed enhanced induction when the cells were exposed to bile. These results indicate that the 2CRS plays a role in bile tolerance and that the operon it resides in is negatively controlled by the RR. Mutations in the transporter, the HPK, the RR, and a hypothetical protein each resulted in loss of tolerance of bile. Mutations in genes encoding another hypothetical protein and a putative oxidoreductase resulted in significant increases in bile tolerance. This functional analysis showed that the operon encoded proteins involved in both bile tolerance and bile sensitivity.

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Physiological and Dual Transcriptional Analysis of Microalga Graesiella emersonii–Amoeboaphelidium protococcarum Pathosystem Uncovers Conserved Defense Response and Robust Pathogenicity

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222312847 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (23) ◽

pp. 12847

Author(s):

Yi Ding ◽

Zhongjie Wang ◽

Yali Wang ◽

Yahong Geng ◽

Xiaobin Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Defense Response ◽

Transcriptional Analysis ◽

Transport Pathways ◽

Defense Strategies ◽

Host Interactions ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Algal Host ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Scavenging Enzymes ◽

Shock Proteins

The underlying mechanisms of microalgal host–pathogen interactions remain largely unknown. In this study, we applied physiological and simultaneous dual transcriptomic analysis to characterize the microalga Graesiella emersonii–Amoeboaphelidium protococcarum interaction. Three infection stages were determined according to infection rate and physiological features. Dual RNA-seq results showed that the genes expression of G. emersonii and A. protococcarum were strongly dynamically regulated during the infection. For microalgal hosts, similar to plant defense response, the expression of defense genes involved in the pattern recognition receptors, large heat shock proteins, and reactive oxygen scavenging enzymes (glutathione, ferritin, and catalase) were significantly upregulated during infection. However, some genes encoding resistance proteins (R proteins) with a leucine-rich repeat domain exhibited no significant changes during infection. For endoparasite A. protococcarum, genes for carbohydrate-active enzymes, pathogen–host interactions, and putative effectors were significantly upregulated during infection. Furthermore, the genes in cluster II were significantly enriched in pathways associated with the modulation of vacuole transport, including endocytosis, phagosome, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and SNARE interactions in vesicular transport pathways. These results suggest that G. emersonii has a conserved defense system against pathogen and that endoparasite A. protococcarum possesses a robust pathogenicity to infect the host. Our study characterizes the first transcriptomic profile of microalgae–endoparasite interaction, providing a new promising basis for complete understanding of the algal host defense strategies and parasite pathogenicity.

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Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of n-caproic acid production in Ruminococcaceae bacterium CPB6 with lactate supplementation

10.21203/rs.3.rs-76088/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yong Tao ◽

Shaowen Lu ◽

Yi Wang ◽

Cuicui Wei ◽

Hong Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stationary Phases ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Caproic Acid ◽

Transcriptional Analysis ◽

Chain Elongation ◽

Transcriptional Level ◽

Phosphotransferase System ◽

Oxidation Pathway ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Genes Encoding

Abstract Background n-Caproic acid (CA) is gaining increased attention due to its high value as a chemical feedstock. Ruminococcaceae bacterium strain CPB6 is an anaerobic mesophilic bacterium that is highly prolific in its ability to perform chain elongation of lactate to CA. However, little is known about the genome-wide transcriptional analysis of strain CPB6 for CA production triggered by the supplementation of exogenous lactate. Results In this study, 0.5% lactate was supplemented into the fermentation with Ruminococcaceae bacterium CPB6 for CA production. Compared to the control (without lactate supplementation), lactate supplementation led to earlier CA production and higher final CA titer and productivity. Transcriptional analysis was carried out using RNA-Seq for the culture with and without lactate supplementation (two groups) at growth and stationary phases, respectively. It has been indicated that 295 genes whose changes in expression patterns were substrate and/or growth dependent. These genes cover crucial functional categories. Specifically, 5 genes responsible for the reverse β-oxidation pathway, 11 genes encoding ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, 6 genes encoding substrate-binding protein (SBP) and 4 genes encoding phosphotransferase system (PTS) transporters were strikingly upregulated in response to the addition of lactate. These genes would be candidates for future studies aiming at understanding the regulatory mechanism of lactate conversion into CA, as well as for the improvement of CA production in strain CPB6. Conclusions This study suggested that lactate supplementation can promote CA production by altering the expression patterns of genes involved in the essential metabolic pathways, such as central pyruvate metabolism, the reverse β-oxidation pathway, ABC and PTS transports. The findings presented herein reveal unique insights into the biomolecular effects of lactate on CA production at the gene transcriptional level.

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Human IgM Inhibits the Formation of Titan-Like Cells in Cryptococcus neoformans

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00046-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nuria Trevijano-Contador ◽

Kaila M. Pianalto ◽

Connie B. Nichols ◽

Oscar Zaragoza ◽

J. Andrew Alspaugh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Stress Response ◽

B Cell ◽

Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽

Cell Formation ◽

Transcriptional Analysis ◽

Content Type ◽

Human Immunoglobulins ◽

Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT Human studies have shown associations between cryptococcal meningitis and reduced IgM memory B cell levels, and studies in IgM- and/or B cell-deficient mice have demonstrated increased Cryptococcus neoformans dissemination from lungs to brain. Since immunoglobulins are part of the immune milieu that C. neoformans confronts in a human host, and its ability to form titan cells is an important virulence mechanism, we determined the effect of human immunoglobulins on C. neoformans titan cell formation in vitro. (i) Fluorescence microscopy showed normal human IgG and IgM bind C. neoformans. (ii) C. neoformans grown in titan cell-inducing medium with IgM, not IgG, inhibited titan-like cell formation. (iii) Absorption of IgM with laminarin or curdlan (branched and linear 1-3-beta-d-glucans, respectively) decreased this effect. (iv) Transmission electron microscopy revealed that cells grown with IgM had small capsules and unique features not seen with cells grown with IgG. (v) Comparative transcriptional analysis of cell wall, capsule, and stress response genes showed that C. neoformans grown with IgM, not IgG or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), had decreased expression of chitin synthetase, CHS1, CHS2, and CHS8, and genes encoding cell wall carbohydrate synthetases α-1-3-glucan (AGS1) and β-1,3-glucan (FKS1). IgM also decreased expression of RIM101 and HOG1, genes encoding central regulators of C. neoformans stress response pathways and cell morphogenesis. Our data show human IgM affects C. neoformans morphology in vitro and suggest that the hypothesis that human immunoglobulins may affect C. neoformans virulence in vivo warrants further investigation.

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