Effects of Rotation on the Tire Dynamic Behavior: Experimental and Numerical Analyses

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-260
Author(s):  
Peter Kindt ◽  
Cristobal Gonzalez Diaz ◽  
Stijn Vercammen ◽  
Christophe Thiry ◽  
Jason Middelberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Numerical Analyses ◽  
The Road ◽  
European Industry ◽  
Effects Of Rotation ◽  
Physical Phenomena

ABSTRACT Based on the results of experimental and numerical analyses, we investigate the effects of rotation on tire dynamic behavior. Better understanding of these effects will further improve the ability to control and optimize the noise and vibrations that result from the interaction between the road surface and the rolling tire. The presented work was performed in the framework of the European industry-academia project Tire-Dyn, with partners Goodyear, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and LMS International. The effect of rotation on the tire dynamic behavior is quantified for different operating conditions of the tire, such as load and rotation speed. Through combined experimental and numerical analyses, the physical phenomena accounting for the observed rotation influences are described.

scholarly journals Pavement State Recognition Method Considering Slope

2021 ◽  
Vol 2113 (1) ◽  
pp. 012080
Author(s):  
Xiuhao Xi ◽  
Jun Xiao ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Yanchao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Condition ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Longitudinal Force ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
State Recognition ◽  
Adhesion Coefficient ◽  
The Road ◽  
Real Time Tracking

Abstract For the problem of road surface condition recognition, this paper proposes a real-time tracking method to estimate road surface slope and adhesion coefficient. Based on the fusion of dynamics and kinematics, the current road slope of the vehicle which correct vertical load is estimated. The effect of the noise from dynamic and kinematic methods on the estimation results is removed by designing a filter. The normalized longitudinal force and lateral force are calculated by Dugoff tire model, and the Jacobian matrix of the vector function of the process equation is obtained by combining the relevant theory of EKF algorithm. The road adhesion coefficient is estimated finally. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by analyzing the results under different operating conditions, such as docking road and bisectional road, using a joint simulation of Matlab/Simulink and Carsim.

Experimental Research on Dynamic Characteristics of a Rolling Agricultural Tire (Influence of Running Condition)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhide Fujita ◽  
Takashi Saito ◽  
Mitsugu Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Natural Mode ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Agricultural Machines

When agricultural machines are operated on pavements, the vibration and noise caused by the interaction between the tire lugs and the road surface are inevitable. In conventional studies, it is considered that the dynamic behavior of a rolling agricultural tire is influenced by the vibration characteristics of the tire. Resonance occurs when the lug excitation frequency of the tire, which is defined as the lug number multiplied by the number of revolutions of the tire, becomes equal to the natural frequency of the tire. In other words, the rolling tire shows large vibrations in the direction of the natural mode corresponding to the natural frequency of the tire. However, in the conventional equipment, the diameter of the drum is smaller than that of the tire. Therefore, the real running condition on the road was not realized by the rolling test using the conventional equipment. In this study, a new equipment is produced to realize the running condition in the rolling test. The dynamic and vibratory characteristics of operating agricultural machine are investigated by using this new equipment. The obtained results are compared to the conventional ones and the influence of the running condition on dynamic characteristics of rolling tire is investigated.

scholarly journals Wheel slip ratio regulation for investigating the vehicle's dynamic behavior during braking and steering input

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Ali Shahabi ◽  
Amir Hossein Kazemian ◽  
Said Farahat ◽  
Faramarz Sarhaddi
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Wheel Slip ◽  
Slip Ratio ◽  
Adaptive Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Adaptive Fuzzy ◽  
The Road ◽  
Optimal Value

In this study, the vehicle's dynamic behavior during braking and steering input is investigated by considering the quarter-car model. The case study for this research is a Sport-Utility Vehicle (SUV) with the anti-lock braking system (ABS) and nonlinear dynamic equations are considered for it along with Pacejka tire model. Regulating the wheel slip ratio in the optimal value for different conditions of the road surface (dry, wet and icy) during braking is considered as the ABS control strategy. In order to regulating the wheel slip ratio in the optimal value, an intelligent adaptive fuzzy controller that can perform online parameter estimation is considered. In this regard, the proposed controller tracks the optimal wheel slip ratio with changing the condition of the road surface from dry to wet and icy. The adaptive fuzzy controller consists of linguistic base, inference engine and defuzzifier section. The wheel slip ratio and vehicle longitudinal acceleration are selected as inputs of the controller, controller adapter and detector of the road surface condition. During braking and steering input, effective parameters of the wheel that are affected on the vehicle's dynamic behavior and its stability are investigated.

Frictional Analysis of PVA Brush for Post CMP Cleaning: Effects of Rotation Speed, Compression Distance, and Fluid Viscosity

2012 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Fujiwara ◽  
Toshiyuki Sanada ◽  
Akira Fukunaga ◽  
Hirokuni Hiyama
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Processing Step ◽  
Planarization Process ◽  
Semiconductor Fabrication ◽  
Wafer Processing ◽  
Effects Of Rotation ◽  
Frictional Coefficients ◽  
Tribological Contact

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is widely used in the surface planarization process of semiconductor fabrication. The planarization process produces a large amount of surface residue that must be removed before the next process is initiated. Typically, a combination of roll-and pen-type polyvinyl acetal (PVA) brushes is used for removing such contaminants. In the subsequent 450-mm wafer processing step, PVA brush cleaning is a viable candidate for post-CMP cleaning. However, given that the mechanisms of nanoscale particle cleaning are still under investigation [1-, the designs and operating conditions for brush cleaning are determined by trial and error. In this study, as a first step toward understanding the cleaning mechanisms, the tribological contact condition of the PVA roll brush (i.e., hydrodynamic, mixed, or boundary lubrication) is considered by measuring the frictional coefficients. In particular, the effects of rotation speed, compression distance, brush length, and fluid viscosity on the friction force are investigated.

scholarly journals Theoretical and experimental study of deep soil compaction with a cone reamer

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Kudratullo Z. Tilloev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
The Road

Introduction. The road-building machines and mechanisms are always improved depending on the tasks formed in the specific operating conditions of these machines. One of the problems of road construction in difficult climatic conditions is the lack of ground base strength, which results in road surface deformation during operation and periodic traffic restrictions, increasing the cost of maintenance. The road surface annual repair does not fundamentally solve the problem of the roads’ long-term and reliable performance. This problem can be solved by modernizing, for example, a working body for soil compaction based on a crawler excavator. Research aim is to develop a mathematical model for determining the dynamic characteristics of a cone reamer’s effective design to ensure deep compaction of soil foundations for highways and industrial and civil facilities. Research methodology is based on a system analysis of the basic tracked vehicle, the working body, and the compacted soil. The research methods also include mathematical modeling of the cone working body interaction with the soil. Results reliability is confirmed by comparing the results of numerical modeling and experimental studies. The discrepancy between the obtained results of mathematical modeling and laboratory tests in terms of torque and power does not exceed 7–10%. Conclusions. A method for determining the dynamic characteristics of cone devices is developed, and calculation formulas are derived for determining the tilting moment and torque that are applied to the shaft when compacting soils with different characteristics. Experimental studies have been conducted 70 "Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal". No. 3. 2021 ISSN 0536-1028 that have shown the efficiency of this working body. The developed method for determining the dynamic characteristics of cone devices is experimentally confirmed.

scholarly journals Levels of vibration transmitted to the operator of the tractor equipped with front axle suspension

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Pochi ◽  
Roberto Fanigliulo ◽  
Laura Fornaciari ◽  
Gennaro Vassalini ◽  
Marco Fedrizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Front Axle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Road ◽  
Seat Suspension ◽  
Agricultural Tractors

In recent years the comfort and the preservation of the health of the operators became central issues in the evolution of agricultural machinery and led to the introduction of devices aimed at improving working conditions. Thereby, for instance, the presence of air conditioner, soundproof cab and driver seat suspension became normal on agricultural tractors. The vibrations are one of the most complex issues to deal with, being determined by the characteristics and interaction of elements such as tyres, axles, mainframe, cab and seat suspension. In this respect, manufacturers are trying to improve their products, even integrating these elements with new devices such as the suspension on the front axle of the tractor, aimed at reducing the level of vibrations during the transfers at high speed. One of these underwent tests at CRA-ING. Since its purpose is to reduce the level of vibration transmitted to the driver, their measurements in different points of the tractor and in different operating conditions, were compared in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the device, expressed as time of exposure. The suspension system of the front axle is designed to absorb the oscillations (especially pitching) determined by irregularities in the road surface, allowing an increased control of the vehicle at high speed, as demonstrated by the test results and confirmed by the driving impressions outlined by the operator. The action of the device under these conditions results in an increase of the exposure time, important fact because of the relevance of the road transfer operations of tractors with mounted implements or trailers to tow and of the tendency to increase the speed limit for the road tractors (in Germany were brought to 50 km h–1 for several years). The action just described is less evident with increasing irregularity of the road surface and with the decrease of the travel speed. Nevertheless, in such conditions, the device appears to positively work along the other directions, in particular in the Z-axis, improving the action of the suspension of the driver seat.

Tire-Road Interactions — Harmony or Conflict?

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-84
Author(s):  
A. R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
The Road ◽  
Truck Tires ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Tire Wear

Abstract This is a summary of work by the author and his colleagues, as well as by others reported in the literature, that demonstrate a need for considering a vehicle, its tires, and the road surface as a system. The central theme is interaction at the footprint, especially that of truck tires. Individual and interactive effects of road and tires are considered under the major topics of road aggregate (macroscopic and microscopic properties), development of a novel road surface, safety, noise, rolling resistance, riding comfort, water drainage by both road and tire, development of tire tread compounds and a proving ground, and influence of tire wear on wet traction. A general conclusion is that road surfaces have both the major effect and the greater potential for improvement.

Investigations of Road Wear Caused by Studded Tires

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-15
Author(s):  
Johannes Gültlinger ◽  
Frank Gauterin ◽  
Christian Brandau ◽  
Jan Schlittenhard ◽  
Burkhard Wies
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
The Road ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Tire Friction ◽  
Variable Operating Conditions

ABSTRACT The use of studded tires has been a subject of controversy from the time they came into market. While studded tires contribute to traffic safety under severe winter conditions by increasing tire friction on icy roads, they also cause damage to the road surface when running on bare roads. Consequently, one of the main challenges in studded tire development is to reduce road wear while still ensuring a good grip on ice. Therefore, a research project was initiated to gain understanding about the mechanisms and influencing parameters involved in road wear by studded tires. A test method using the institute's internal drum test bench was developed. Furthermore, mechanisms causing road wear by studded tires were derived from basic analytical models. These mechanisms were used to identify the main parameters influencing road wear by studded tires. Using experimental results obtained with the test method developed, the expected influences were verified. Vehicle driving speed and stud mass were found to be major factors influencing road wear. This can be explained by the stud impact as a dominant mechanism. By means of the test method presented, quantified and comparable data for road wear caused by studded tires under controllable conditions can be obtained. The mechanisms allow predicting the influence of tire construction and variable operating conditions on road wear.

Experimental Evaluation of Turbo-Matching Appropriateness of B60J67, B60J68, A58N70 and A58N72 Turbo-Chargers for a Commercial Vehicle Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Badal Dev Roy ◽  
R. Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Perfect Match ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Road Test ◽  
The Road ◽  
A Charge ◽  
All Speeds

The Turbocharger is a charge booster for internal combustion engines to ensure best engine performance at all speeds and road conditions especially at the higher load.  Random selection of turbocharger may lead to negative effects like surge and choke in the breathing of the engine. Appropriate selection or match of the turbocharger (Turbomatching) is a tedious task and expensive. But perfect match gives many distinguished advantages and it is a one time task per the engine kind. This study focuses to match the turbocharger to desired engine by simulation and on road test. The objective of work is to find the appropriateness of matching of turbochargers with trim 67 (B60J67), trim 68 (B60J68),  trim 70 (A58N70) and trim 72 (A58N72) for the TATA 497 TCIC -BS III engine. In the road-test (data-logger method) the road routes like highway and slope up were considered for evaluation. The operating conditions with respect various speeds, routes and simulated outputs were compared with the help of compressor map.

Dynamic analysis of a helical gear reduction by experimental and numerical methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Chao Liu ◽  
Zongde Fang ◽  
Fang Guo ◽  
Long Xiang ◽  
Yabin Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Helical Gear ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Lumped Mass ◽  
Gear Mesh

Presented in this study is investigation of dynamic behavior of a helical gear reduction by experimental and numerical methods. A closed-loop test rig is designed to measure vibrations of the example system, and the basic principle as well as relevant signal processing method is introduced. A hybrid user-defined element model is established to predict relative vibration acceleration at the gear mesh in a direction normal to contact surfaces. The other two numerical models are also constructed by lumped mass method and contact FEM to compare with the previous model in terms of dynamic responses of the system. First, the experiment data demonstrate that the loaded transmission error calculated by LTCA method is generally acceptable and that the assumption ignoring the tooth backlash is valid under the conditions of large loads. Second, under the common operating conditions, the system vibrations obtained by the experimental and numerical methods primarily occur at the first fourth-order meshing frequencies and that the maximum vibration amplitude, for each method, appears on the fourth-order meshing frequency. Moreover, root-mean-square (RMS) value of the acceleration increases with the increasing loads. Finally, according to the comparison of the simulation results, the variation tendencies of the RMS value along with input rotational speed agree well and that the frequencies where the resonances occur keep coincident generally. With summaries of merit and demerit, application of each numerical method is suggested for dynamic analysis of cylindrical gear system, which aids designers for desirable dynamic behavior of the system and better solutions to engineering problems.

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