scholarly journals HP 3D Color Gamut – A Reference System for HP’s Jet Fusion 580 Color 3D Printers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
pp. 120-1-120-5
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Tastl ◽  
Alexandra Ju
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Reference System ◽  
Color Gamut ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Color System ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Color Printing ◽  
Cost Efficient

Designers need to specify the colors for their 3D objects in form of sRGB values, but, given the limitations of the color 3D printing process, they have no idea how those colors chosen on a screen will look once printed in 3D. In addition, HP Inc. wants to showcase the color capabilities of our 3D color printing systems in an effective way. This paper describes an aesthetically pleasing tool to effectively showcase the color capabilities of our color 3D printing systems. It is also a reference color system that enables designers 1) to select colors that are achievable with our printing systems, 2) to interactively composite color palettes for their 3D design and 3) to get the desired printed color in a time and cost-efficient way that minimizes iterations. The system itself consists of a series of subobjects where each sub-object shows how a color looks like when manufactured in different surface orientations. It can be disassembled and used for compositing color palettes for 3D objects, and it is also designed to be manufactured and cleaned fully assembled, showcasing the power of 3D printing.

A Heuristic Scaling Strategy for Multi-Robot Cooperative Three-Dimensional Printing

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmi Poudel ◽  
Chandler Blair ◽  
Jace McPherson ◽  
Zhenghui Sha ◽  
Wenchao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Geometric Constraints ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Printing Time

Abstract While three-dimensional (3D) printing has been making significant strides over the past decades, it still trails behind mainstream manufacturing due to its lack of scalability in both print size and print speed. Cooperative 3D printing (C3DP) is an emerging technology that holds the promise to mitigate both of these issues by having a swarm of printhead-carrying mobile robots working together to finish a single print job cooperatively. In our previous work, we have developed a chunk-based printing strategy to enable the cooperative 3D printing with two fused deposition modeling (FDM) mobile 3D printers, which allows each of them to print one chunk at a time without interfering with the other and the printed part. In this paper, we present a novel method in discretizing the continuous 3D printing process, where the desired part is discretized into chunks, resulting in multi-stage 3D printing process. In addition, the key contribution of this study is the first working scaling strategy for cooperative 3D printing based on simple heuristics, called scalable parallel arrays of robots for 3DP (SPAR3), which enables many mobile 3D printers to work together to reduce the total printing time for large prints. In order to evaluate the performance of the printing strategy, a framework is developed based on directed dependency tree (DDT), which provides a mathematical and graphical description of dependency relationships and sequence of printing tasks. The graph-based framework can be used to estimate the total print time for a given print strategy. Along with the time evaluation metric, the developed framework provides us with a mathematical representation of geometric constraints that are temporospatially dynamic and need to be satisfied in order to achieve collision-free printing for any C3DP strategy. The DDT-based evaluation framework is then used to evaluate the proposed SPAR3 strategy. The results validate the SPAR3 as a collision-free strategy that can significantly shorten the printing time (about 11 times faster with 16 robots for the demonstrated examples) in comparison with the traditional 3D printing with single printhead.

scholarly journals Effect of infill density and raster angle on the mechanical properties of PLA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2080 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
M.A. Tan ◽  
C. K. Yeoh ◽  
P. L. Teh ◽  
N. A. Rahim ◽  
C. C. Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
High Strength ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Design Objects ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Polylactic acid (PLA) is derived from natural aliphatic polyester resources for instance sugarcane or starch based plants. PLA also known as a biocompatible and biodegradable thermoplastic and found widely in multiple applications like electronic and electrical devices, biomedical, food packaging and the engineering field. PLA have attracted attention in production potential due to its superior attributes like ease of processing, high strength and high modulus. Infill density, raster angle and infill pattern can influence the mechanical characteristics of materials like PLA, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK). In this paper, the relationship between infill density and raster angle was studied to investigate the mechanical performances of PLA by using 3D printers. 3D printing is used to fabricate more complex 3D design objects. The tensile test was involved to evaluate the properties of pure PLA. For pure PLA, 0° raster angles with 100% infill density show the highest tensile strength and Young’s modulus which are 28.926MPa and 1262.7MPa respectively. However, a decreasing trend of break elongation reveals in PLA as infill density increases for both 0° and 90° raster angle. Optimization of printing parameters become crucial to provide high quality materials for 3D printing in order for education, packaging, engineering and biomedical applications.

Three-Dimensional Printing: Collaborative Nurse-Led Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-261
Author(s):  
Lori Lioce ◽  
Kimberly Budisalich ◽  
Darlene A. Showalter
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nursing Programs ◽  
Nursing Program ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Cost Efficient

Though three-dimensional (3D) printing is often touted as cutting-edge technology, it actually made its appearance in the 1980s. Since then, this technology has made significant progress from its humble origins of layering polymers to create simple structures to the more sophisticated printing with elements such as metals used to create complex structures for aircraft. This technology has advanced and been finely tuned largely in thanks to the engineering profession. The variance within the printers, software, and printing material allows for broad application beyond engineering and manufacturing. Healthcare and academic applications are beginning to get traction. The National Institutes of Health has established a platform for sharing 3D ideas to support biotechnology and modeling for healthcare. It makes sense that nursing programs would, minimally, utilize 3D printers to enrich their institutional simulation laboratory and to manufacture specialty materials for training students in a cost-efficient manner. Opportunities to collaborate with other academic departments and community partners in the development and production of timely and effective solutions to pressing healthcare needs enriches student learning, nursing programs, and their graduates. Faculty buy-in and purposeful integration throughout the curriculum are vital variables associated with the successful implementation of 3D printing in a nursing program. Additional benefits include opportunities for publications, presentation of papers, and interprofessional collaboration.

scholarly journals Thionolactone as Resin Additive to Prepare (bio)degradable 3D Objects via VAT Photopolymerization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemie Gil ◽  
Constance Thomas ◽  
Rana Mhanna ◽  
Jessica Mauriello ◽  
Romain Maury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Support Structures ◽  
Radical Ring ◽  
3D Object ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
3D Printers

3D printing and especially VAT photopolymerization leads to cross-linked materials with high thermal, chemical and mechanical properties. Nevertheless, such stability is incompatible with degradability and re/upcyclability. We showed here that thionolactone and especially dibenzo[c,e]-oxepane-5-thione (DOT) could be used as an additive (2 wt%) to acrylate-based resins to introduce weak bonds into the network via a radical ring-opening polymerization process. The low amount of additive allows to only slightly modify the printability of the resin, keep intact its resolution and maintain the mechanical properties of the 3D object. The resin with additive was used in UV microfabrication and 2-photon stereolithography setup and commercial 3D printers. The fabricated objects were shown to degrade in basic solvent as well in a home-made compost. The rate of degradation is nonetheless dependent of the size of the object. This feature was used to prepare 3D objects with support structures that could be easily solubilized.

On the Analysis of a Compromised Additive Manufacturing System Using Spatio-Temporal Decomposition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakthi Kumar Arul Prakash ◽  
Tobias Mahan ◽  
Glen Williams ◽  
Christopher McComb ◽  
Jessica Menold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Solid Models ◽  
Statistical Validity ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Phase Variations ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract 3D printing systems have expanded the access to low cost, rapid methods for attaining physical prototypes or products. However, a cyber attack, system error, or operator error on a 3D printing system may result in catastrophic situations, ranging from complete product failure, to small types of defects which weaken the structural integrity of the product, making it unreliable for its intended use. Such defects can be introduced early-on via solid models or through G-codes for printer movements at a later stage. Previous works have studied the use of image classifiers to predict defects in real-time as a print is in progress and also by studying the printed entity once the print is complete. However, a major restriction in the functionality of these methods is the availability of a dataset capturing diverse attacks on printed entities or the printing process. This paper introduces a visual inspection technique that analyzes the amplitude and phase variations of the print head platform arising through induced system manipulations. The method uses an image sequence of a 3D printing process captured via an off the shelf camera to perform an offline multi-scale, multi-orientation decomposition to amplify imperceptible system movements attributable to a change in system parameters. The authors hypothesize that a change in the amplitude envelope and instantaneous phase response as a result of a change in the end effector translational instructions, to be correlated with an AM system compromise. A case study is presented that tests the hypothesis and provides statistical validity in support of the method. The method has the potential to enhance the robustness of cyber-physical systems such as 3D printers that rely on secure, high quality hardware and software to perform optimally.

Research on color 3D printing based on color adherence

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhua Yang ◽  
Xin-guang Lv ◽  
Xiao-jie Liu ◽  
Jia-qing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Color Line ◽  
Color Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
3D Print ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Color Printing

Purpose This paper aims to present a method of color three-dimensional (3D) printing based on color adherence. Design/methodology/approach First, experiments of the color effects of 3D printings using different carriers and different printing methods were performed. Second, the color of a specific point could be calculated through a theory of dimension-reducing, and the color distribution of 3D model was transformed from 3D to 1D color line corresponding with 3D print sequence. At last, the color lines, which were printed on a PE film by silk-screen printing, was carried by a filament and then printed through a fused deposition modeling 3D printer. Findings The printing ink and PE film are suitable as the pigment and carrier under this investigation, respectively. Based on an idea of reducing dimension, the method of 3D color printing through adhering color to a filament is realized. The color saturation of the sample was relatively high through the method. Research limitations/implications It is hard to avoid that there may be some residual color in the nozzle through this method, and the purity of following color will be affected. As a result, continuous improvements should be made to perfect the method. Practical implications An approach of 3D color printing is described in detail, and what kind of model is more applicable is discussed particularly. Originality/value This approach is implemented to print color 3D objects with just one nozzle by means of color adherence. That is, printing the 3D objects using the filament is carried out with 1D color line, which is printed by a traditional printing method.

3D printing process selection model based on triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers in cloud manufacturing

2016 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 1750028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ce Shi ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Jingeng Mai ◽  
Zhen Zhao
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Cloud Manufacturing ◽  
Cloud Platform ◽  
Process Selection ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
3D Printers

The distributed and customized 3D printing can be realized by 3D printing services in a cloud manufacturing environment. As a growing number of 3D printers are becoming accessible on various 3D printing service platforms, there raises the concern over the validation of virtual product designs and their manufacturing procedures for novices as well as users with 3D printing experience before physical products are produced through the cloud platform. This paper presents a 3D model to help users validate their designs and requirements not only in the traditional digital 3D model properties like shape and size, but also in physical material properties and manufacturing properties when producing physical products like surface roughness, print accuracy and part cost. These properties are closely related to the process of 3D printing and materials. In order to establish the 3D model, the paper analyzes the model of the 3D printing process selection in the cloud platform. Triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are applied to generate a set of 3D printers with the same process and material. Based on the 3D printing process selection model, users can establish the 3D model and validate their designs and requirements on physical material properties and manufacturing properties before printing physical products.

scholarly journals 3D Printed Biosensor Arrays for Medical Diagnostics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Sharafeldin ◽  
Abby Jones ◽  
James F. Rusling
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Biosensor Arrays ◽  
Biomedical Diagnostics ◽  
3D Printers

AbstractWhile the technology is relatively new, low cost 3D printing has impacted many aspects of human life. 3D printers are being used as manufacturing tools for a wide variety of devices in a spectrum of applications ranging from diagnosis to implants to external prostheses. The ease of use and availability of 3D design software and low cost has made 3D printing an accessible manufacturing and fabrication tool in many research laboratories. 3D printers can print materials with varying density, optical character, strength and chemical properties providing platforms for a huge number of strategies that can be chosen for user’s needs. In this review, we focus on applications in biomedical diagnostics and how this revolutionary technique is facilitating development of low cost, sensitive and often geometrically complex tools. 3D printing in fabrication of microfluidics, supporting equipment, optical and electronic components of diagnostic devices is presented. Emerging diagnostic 3D bioprinting as a tool to incorporate living cells or biomaterials into 3D printing is also discussed.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Particulate Matter Emissions from 3D Printing Activity in the Home Setting

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3247
Author(s):  
Shirin Khaki ◽  
Emer Duffy ◽  
Alan F. Smeaton ◽  
Aoife Morrin
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
3D Print ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Filament Type

Consumer-level 3D printers are becoming increasingly prevalent in home settings. However, research shows that printing with these desktop 3D printers can impact indoor air quality (IAQ). This study examined particulate matter (PM) emissions generated by 3D printers in an indoor domestic setting. Print filament type, brand, and color were investigated and shown to all have significant impacts on the PM emission profiles over time. For example, emission rates were observed to vary by up to 150-fold, depending on the brand of a specific filament being used. Various printer settings (e.g., fan speed, infill density, extruder temperature) were also investigated. This study identifies that high levels of PM are triggered by the filament heating process and that accessible, user-controlled print settings can be used to modulate the PM emission from the 3D printing process. Considering these findings, a low-cost home IAQ sensor was evaluated as a potential means to enable a home user to monitor PM emissions from their 3D printing activities. This sensing approach was demonstrated to detect the timepoint where the onset of PM emission from a 3D print occurs. Therefore, these low-cost sensors could serve to inform the user when PM levels in the home become elevated significantly on account of this activity and furthermore, can indicate the time at which PM levels return to baseline after the printing process and/or after adding ventilation. By deploying such sensors at home, domestic users of 3D printers can assess the impact of filament type, color, and brand that they utilize on PM emissions, as well as be informed of how their selected print settings can impact their PM exposure levels.

scholarly journals 3D-Printed Biosensor Arrays for Medical Diagnostics

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Sharafeldin ◽  
Abby Jones ◽  
James Rusling
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Biosensor Arrays ◽  
Biomedical Diagnostics ◽  
3D Printers

While the technology is relatively new, low-cost 3D printing has impacted many aspects of human life. 3D printers are being used as manufacturing tools for a wide variety of devices in a spectrum of applications ranging from diagnosis to implants to external prostheses. The ease of use, availability of 3D-design software and low cost has made 3D printing an accessible manufacturing and fabrication tool in many bioanalytical research laboratories. 3D printers can print materials with varying density, optical character, strength and chemical properties that provide the user with a vast array of strategic options. In this review, we focus on applications in biomedical diagnostics and how this revolutionary technique is facilitating the development of low-cost, sensitive, and often geometrically complex tools. 3D printing in the fabrication of microfluidics, supporting equipment, and optical and electronic components of diagnostic devices is presented. Emerging diagnostics systems using 3D bioprinting as a tool to incorporate living cells or biomaterials into 3D printing is also reviewed.

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