scholarly journals Effect of infill density and raster angle on the mechanical properties of PLA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2080 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
M.A. Tan ◽  
C. K. Yeoh ◽  
P. L. Teh ◽  
N. A. Rahim ◽  
C. C. Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
High Strength ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Design Objects ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Polylactic acid (PLA) is derived from natural aliphatic polyester resources for instance sugarcane or starch based plants. PLA also known as a biocompatible and biodegradable thermoplastic and found widely in multiple applications like electronic and electrical devices, biomedical, food packaging and the engineering field. PLA have attracted attention in production potential due to its superior attributes like ease of processing, high strength and high modulus. Infill density, raster angle and infill pattern can influence the mechanical characteristics of materials like PLA, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK). In this paper, the relationship between infill density and raster angle was studied to investigate the mechanical performances of PLA by using 3D printers. 3D printing is used to fabricate more complex 3D design objects. The tensile test was involved to evaluate the properties of pure PLA. For pure PLA, 0° raster angles with 100% infill density show the highest tensile strength and Young’s modulus which are 28.926MPa and 1262.7MPa respectively. However, a decreasing trend of break elongation reveals in PLA as infill density increases for both 0° and 90° raster angle. Optimization of printing parameters become crucial to provide high quality materials for 3D printing in order for education, packaging, engineering and biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Effects of Filament Diameter Tolerances in Fused Filament Fabrication

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Cardona ◽  
Abigail H Curdes ◽  
Aaron J Isaacs
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Extrusion Rate ◽  
Filament Diameter ◽  
Printing Quality ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
And Control

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most popular additive manufacturing (3D printing) technologies due to the growing availability of low-cost desktop 3D printers and the relatively low cost of the thermoplastic filament used in the 3D printing process. Commercial filament suppliers, 3D printer manufacturers, and end-users regard filament diameter tolerance as an important indicator of the 3D printing quality. Irregular filament diameter affects the flow rate during the filament extrusion, which causes poor surface quality, extruder jams, irregular gaps in-between individual extrusions, and/or excessive overlap, which eventually results in failed 3D prints. Despite the important role of the diameter consistency in the FFF process, few studies have addressed the required tolerance level to achieve highest 3D printing quality. The objective of this work is to develop the testing methods to measure the filament tolerance and control the filament fabrication process. A pellet-based extruder is utilized to fabricate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament using a nozzle of 1.75 mm in diameter. Temperature and extrusion rate are controlled parameters. An optical comparator and an array of digital calipers are used to measure the filament diameter. The results demonstrate that it is possible to achieve high diameter consistency and low tolerances (0.01mm) at low extrusion temperature (180 °C) and low extrusion rate (10 in/min). 

scholarly journals Valorization of Recycled Tire Rubber for 3D Printing of ABS- and TPO-Based Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5889
Author(s):  
Fouad Laoutid ◽  
Soumaya Lafqir ◽  
Antoniya Toncheva ◽  
Philippe Dubois
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Tire Rubber ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Compression Properties ◽  
Good Shape ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Vulcanized and devulcanized ground tire rubber microparticles have been used as a minor phase in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS) and thermoplastic polyolefins (TPO) for the development of materials with desired functionalities by 3D printing. These polymers have been selected because they (i) present part of the plastic waste generated by the automotive industry and (ii) have totally different properties (ABS for its stiffness and robustness and TPO for its softness and ductility). The study aims to improve the circular economy of the automotive industry by proposing a promising route for recycling the generated tire rubber waste. In this respect, emergent technology for plastic processing such as 3D printing is used, as part of the additive manufacturing technologies for the prolongated end of life of recycled plastics originated from automotive waste such as ABS and TPO. The obtained results revealed that (i) the composites are suitable for successful filament production with desired composition and diameter required for successful 3D printing by fused deposition modeling, and that (ii) the optimization of the composition of the blends allows the production of materials with interesting mechanical performances. Indeed, some of the investigated ABS-recycled rubber tire blends exhibit high impact properties as TPO-based composites do, which in addition exhibits elongation at break higher than 500% and good compression properties, accompanied with good shape recovery ratio after compression.

Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Hamid Reza Sanei ◽  
Zack Lash ◽  
Josh Servey ◽  
Frank Gardone ◽  
Chetan P. Nikhare
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Recent Improvement ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Matrix Properties ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Continuous Carbon Fiber ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract 3D printed composites is a relatively new and untested market in the composites industry. 3D printing in general is becoming a widely used manufacturing method because of its ease, versatile capabilities, and consistency. Recent improvement in 3D printing enables 3D printing of composites fibers in any given direction. In this study, continuous carbon fiber onyx samples were manufactured using Markforged X7 3D printers. Samples with three different fiber orientations were manufactured to determine all elastic properties. The results show that while the properties are lower than high strength CFRPs, there is high potential for the use of 3D printed composites upon improving the matrix properties as well as the bonding between fiber and matrix.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Applications of Recycled Polycarbonate Particle Material Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Reich ◽  
Aubrey L. Woern ◽  
Nagendra G. Tanikella ◽  
Joshua M. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Material Extrusion ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Particle Material ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Lower Melting Point

Past work has shown that particle material extrusion (fused particle fabrication (FPF)/fused granular fabrication (FGF)) has the potential for increasing the use of recycled polymers in 3D printing. This study extends this potential to high-performance (high-mechanical-strength and heat-resistant) polymers using polycarbonate (PC). Recycled PC regrind of approximately 25 mm2 was 3D printed with an open-source Gigabot X and analyzed. A temperature and nozzle velocity matrix was used to find useful printing parameters, and a print test was used to maximize the output for a two-temperature stage extruder for PC. ASTM type 4 tensile test geometries as well as ASTM-approved compression tests were used to determine the mechanical properties of PC and were compared with filament printing and the bulk virgin material. The results showed the tensile strength of parts manufactured from the recycled PC particles (64.9 MPa) were comparable to that of the commercial filament printed on desktop (62.2 MPa) and large-format (66.3 MPa) 3D printers. Three case study applications were investigated: (i) using PC as a rapid molding technology for lower melting point thermoplastics, (ii) printed parts for high temperature applications, and (iii) printed parts for high-strength applications. The results show that recycled PC particle-based 3D printing can produce high-strength and heat-resistant products at low costs.

scholarly journals HP 3D Color Gamut – A Reference System for HP’s Jet Fusion 580 Color 3D Printers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
pp. 120-1-120-5
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Tastl ◽  
Alexandra Ju
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Reference System ◽  
Color Gamut ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Color System ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Color Printing ◽  
Cost Efficient

Designers need to specify the colors for their 3D objects in form of sRGB values, but, given the limitations of the color 3D printing process, they have no idea how those colors chosen on a screen will look once printed in 3D. In addition, HP Inc. wants to showcase the color capabilities of our 3D color printing systems in an effective way. This paper describes an aesthetically pleasing tool to effectively showcase the color capabilities of our color 3D printing systems. It is also a reference color system that enables designers 1) to select colors that are achievable with our printing systems, 2) to interactively composite color palettes for their 3D design and 3) to get the desired printed color in a time and cost-efficient way that minimizes iterations. The system itself consists of a series of subobjects where each sub-object shows how a color looks like when manufactured in different surface orientations. It can be disassembled and used for compositing color palettes for 3D objects, and it is also designed to be manufactured and cleaned fully assembled, showcasing the power of 3D printing.

scholarly journals 3D Printed Biosensor Arrays for Medical Diagnostics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Sharafeldin ◽  
Abby Jones ◽  
James F. Rusling
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Biosensor Arrays ◽  
Biomedical Diagnostics ◽  
3D Printers

AbstractWhile the technology is relatively new, low cost 3D printing has impacted many aspects of human life. 3D printers are being used as manufacturing tools for a wide variety of devices in a spectrum of applications ranging from diagnosis to implants to external prostheses. The ease of use and availability of 3D design software and low cost has made 3D printing an accessible manufacturing and fabrication tool in many research laboratories. 3D printers can print materials with varying density, optical character, strength and chemical properties providing platforms for a huge number of strategies that can be chosen for user’s needs. In this review, we focus on applications in biomedical diagnostics and how this revolutionary technique is facilitating development of low cost, sensitive and often geometrically complex tools. 3D printing in fabrication of microfluidics, supporting equipment, optical and electronic components of diagnostic devices is presented. Emerging diagnostic 3D bioprinting as a tool to incorporate living cells or biomaterials into 3D printing is also discussed.

3D DESIGN AND PRINTING OF CUSTOM-FIT FINGER SPLINT

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (05) ◽  
pp. 1850032
Author(s):  
R. Swetha Arulmozhi ◽  
Mahima Vaidya ◽  
M. G. Poojalakshmi ◽  
D. Ashok Kumar ◽  
K. Anuraag
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Future Research ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling

Finger deformities are a major concern among the Indian population, where the increase of risk factors are higher for people suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis. The deformities hinder the movements in the finger, affecting their day to day activities. Finger splint is a device which is used to support and correct this deformity in order to improve function. Three-dimensional modeling and 3D printing techniques are the standard measures used. The proposed methodology involves 3D modeling which was done using Solidworks 2013, along with standard measurements taken from the patients with deformities due to Rheumatoid Arthritis. The measurements were obtained using a vernier caliper. The 3D printing was done using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and the materials needed for the same are Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and flex Polylactic Acid (PLA). The 3D printer used for the same is Flashforge Dreamer 3D printer. The volunteers were fitted with the custom finger splint. The finger splint is light-weight, easy to maintain and clean, with an inventive design based on the finger deformity. It is comfortable and helps support the patients during daily activities. It serves as an easy slip-on. Since it is well-ventilated, swelling of the finger does not occur. Future research will focus on the correction of the deformity, in addition to the biomechanical aspect of finger deformities.

scholarly journals 3D-Printed Biosensor Arrays for Medical Diagnostics

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Sharafeldin ◽  
Abby Jones ◽  
James Rusling
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Biosensor Arrays ◽  
Biomedical Diagnostics ◽  
3D Printers

While the technology is relatively new, low-cost 3D printing has impacted many aspects of human life. 3D printers are being used as manufacturing tools for a wide variety of devices in a spectrum of applications ranging from diagnosis to implants to external prostheses. The ease of use, availability of 3D-design software and low cost has made 3D printing an accessible manufacturing and fabrication tool in many bioanalytical research laboratories. 3D printers can print materials with varying density, optical character, strength and chemical properties that provide the user with a vast array of strategic options. In this review, we focus on applications in biomedical diagnostics and how this revolutionary technique is facilitating the development of low-cost, sensitive, and often geometrically complex tools. 3D printing in the fabrication of microfluidics, supporting equipment, and optical and electronic components of diagnostic devices is presented. Emerging diagnostics systems using 3D bioprinting as a tool to incorporate living cells or biomaterials into 3D printing is also reviewed.

Application of Innovative Hydroxyapatite Materials in 3D Printing for Biocompatible Voice Implants

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-842
Author(s):  
Wojciech Musialik ◽  
Marcin Nabialek ◽  
Slawomir Letkiewicz ◽  
Andrei Victor Sandu ◽  
Katarzyna Bloch
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Colloidal Silver ◽  
Bone Implants ◽  
External Ring ◽  
Voice Prostheses ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Silver Composite

The paper presents the possibility of using an innovative hydroxyapatite filament Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 for printing in 3D printers of bone implants and the possibility of using it during implantation with voice prostheses. The introduction of an additional colloidal silver composite in voice implants will contribute to the reduction of bacterial infections, fungal infections and granulomatous hyperplasia. The creation of a stable external ring of the vocal fistula will remove complications associated with it with enlargement of the fistula and leakiness of voice implants. The ability to print with a hydroxyapatite filament will allow digital pre-surgery modeling of bone implants suited to the needs of surgical procedures.

Designing Inclusion: Using 3D Printing to Maximize Adapted Physical Education Participation

2021 ◽  
pp. 004005992110101
Author(s):  
A. Chloe Simpson ◽  
Andrea Ruth Taliaferro
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Student Success ◽  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Adapted Physical Education ◽  
Physical Educators ◽  
Related Service ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Education Participation ◽  
Individual Design

While assistive technology is often suggested as a way to increase, maintain, or improve functional ability for individuals with disabilities within physical activity (PA) settings, cost and availability of such items are often noted as barriers. In recent years, 3D printing has become available to the general public through the adoption of 3D printers in schools, libraries, and universities. Through individual design and rapid prototyping, 3D printing can support physical educators in accommodating student need for assistive technology through a multitude of modification possibilities. This article will highlight the capacity for 3D printed assistive technology within educational settings, and will illustrate how teachers, APE specialists, and other related service personnel can utilize this technology to support student success in PE and PA settings. This article will also assist practitioners with locating, uploading, and utilizing existing collections of 3D assistive technology models from open-source websites, such as Thingiverse.

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