scholarly journals Influence of High and Low Saturated Fatty Acid-Based Diets on Weight and Body Composition of Albino Rats (Rattusnorvegicus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abere DV
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Albino Rats

The study investigated the effect of feeding high and low saturated fatty acid based diets to feed female albino rats (Rattusnorvegicus) with a view to evaluating the effects of the fatty diets on the feeding patterns, weight and body composition of the rats. Seven months old female Rattus norvegicus were used for the experiment. The weights of the rats were taken for twelve weeks using Salter balance (Model 250). Four experimental diets were formulated which were made up of 2.5 and 5.0 g of margarine (blue band), 2.5 and 5.0 g canola oil each mixed with the basal diet. The control diet was grower feed and the resultant experimental diets were fed to the experimental rats kept in cages at the rate of 12 rats per cage. The rats were fed with the diets at the rate of 3% of body weight for a period of twelve weeks. The highest weight gain was recorded in the group fed with 5.0 g margarine, followed by 5.0 g canola, 2.5 g margarine, 2.5 g canola and least in the rats fed the control.The mean weight gain of the rats fed with 5.0 g margarine and 5.0 g canola were significantly different (p<0.05) from the mean weight of 2.5 g margarine, 2.5 g canola and the control. The food intake of the rats fed 5.0 g margarine and 5.0 g canola was also significantly different (p<0.05) from the food intake of rats fed 2.5 g margarine, 2.5 g canola and the control. The proximate composition of the carcass of the rats fed the different experimental diets showed that fat content of the rats fed 5.0 g margarine was higher than in the rats fed the other diets. The histology of the liver of rats fed 5.0 g margarine and 5.0 g canola showed greater fat accumulation in the rat’s liver compared to rats fed 2.5 g margarine, 2.5 g canola as well as the control. Rats with the highest body weight gain were considered obesity-prone; those with the lowest body weight were regarded as obesity-resistant while others were considered intermediate. The study concluded that the kind of fat consumed contributes to the weight gained by the rats.

Food Intake, Body Weight Gain, and Body Composition of the Young Obese (ob/ob) Mouse

1977 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 1715-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pi-Yao Lin ◽  
Dale R. Romsos ◽  
Gilbert A. Leveille
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain

scholarly journals Choline and Folic Acid Balance in Diets During Pregnancy Programs Food Intake Regulation in Wistar Rat Offspring (FS08-05-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rola Hammoud ◽  
Chih-Sheng Liao ◽  
Emanuela Pannia ◽  
Mandy Ho ◽  
Neil Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Food Intake Regulation ◽  
Intake Regulation

Abstract Objectives High gestational folic acid (FA) induces an obesogenic phenotype in male Wistar rat offspring. Imbalances between FA and other methyl-nutrients (i.e., choline) leading to perturbations in the 1-carbon cycle may account for the effects of high FA diets. Canadian women consume high (2–7-fold) intakes of FA, but most are not meeting recommended adequate intakes for choline. Choline is also absent from Canadian prenatal supplements. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of the interaction between choline and FA in maternal diets of rats on the 1-carbon cycle, and the programming of food intake, body weight gain and biomarkers of obesity in the offspring later in life. Methods Pregnant Wistar rat dams were fed the AIN-93 G diet with recommended (1X) choline and FA (RCRF, control), or a 5X FA diet with either 0.5X choline (LCHF), 1X choline (RCHF), or 2.5X choline (HCHF). Brain and blood were collected at birth. At weaning one male pup/dam from all groups was maintained on the control diet for 20 weeks then terminated. Dependent measures include weekly body weight-gain and food intake, plasma glucoregulatory hormones and 1-carbon metabolites at birth and post-weaning. Results Increasing choline content to 2.5-fold in a high (5-fold) gestational FA diet (HCHF) led to lower plasma insulin and leptin levels at birth compared to the LCHF and RCHF diets, respectively (P < 0.05). It also led to lower (25%, P = 0.03) plasma 5-methyltetrahydrofolate concentrations at birth compared to the RCHF diet, suggesting more efficient utilization of FA. Offspring born to dams maintained on a high folic acid diet with either low or recommended choline had higher weekly food intake (6%, P < 0.05) and body weight-gain (9%, P < 0.01). In contrast, offspring from dams fed the HCHF gestational diet were not different from those born to dams fed the RCRF (control) diet, highlighting the mitigating effects of a balanced choline and FA gestational diet. Conclusions Increased intakes of choline mitigate the effects of high FA diets. Maternal dietary choline interacts with FA on the long-term programming of food intake regulation in the offspring; emphasizing a need for more attention to improving choline intakes by women of child-bearing age. Funding Sources This research was funded by the Canadian Institute of Health Research, Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes (CIHR-INMD).

scholarly journals Prevention of coprophagy does not alter the hypocholesterolaemic effects of oat bran in the rat

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Jackson ◽  
David L Topping
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oat Bran

Male rats were fed on either a non-purified rodent diet (JS) or cholesterol-free purified diets containing wheat bran (WB) or oat bran (OB). Some animals were allowed normal access to their faeces for coprophagy (coprophagy +), while in others coprophagy was prevented by placement of a plastic cup over the anus (coprophagy −). Direct ingestion of faeces from the anus was observed in the former groups. Food intake was unaffected by diet or coprophagy status and body weight gain was unchanged with OB − and JS − but was significantly lower with WB −. Plasma cholesterol was highest with WB and equally lower with OB and JS and was unaffected by coprophagy status. Plasma triacylglycerols were highest with OB and were unaffected by coprophagy status. Caecal digesta mass was highest with JS, intermediate with OB and lowest with WB. Digesta mass was unaffected by coprophagy status with WB and JS but was higher with OB −. Digesta moisture content was lowest with WB + but highest with WB −. Digesta volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were similarly lower with OB + and OB −, but were significantly lower with JS − and WB − than in the corresponding coprophagy + group. In all groups digesta butyrate concentrations were reduced by coprophagy prevention. Pools of total VFA, acetate and butyrate in the digesta were highest with JS. Pools of total VFA in digesta were highest with JS +, OB + and OB − and lowest with WB + and WB −. The propionate pool was highest with OB −, intermediate with OB +, and equally low in all other groups. The pool of butyrate was highest with JS + and lowest with OB −. Effects of oats and wheat on plasma cholesterol in the rat do not seem to be mediated through faecal re-ingestion.

Growth and carcass characteristics of three lamb genotypes finished on the same level of feeding

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. W. McClintont ◽  
A. F. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ash Content

AbstractThis study investigated the efficiency of growth and the carcass characteristics of 24 Greyface (Border Leicester × Scottish Blackface), 24 Texel (12 purebred and 12 Texel × Texel-Greyface) and 24 Rouge (12 purebred and 12 Rouge × Rouge-Greyface) lambs finished on the same level of feeding. The efficiency of live-weight gain (kg/MJ) was higher in Greyface compared with Texel lambs (P< 0·01). The efficiency of empty body-weight gain (kg/MJ) was higher in Greyface (P< 0·01) and Rouge (P< 0·05) compared with Texel lambs. The efficiency of carcass gains (kg/MJ) tended to be higher in Greyface and Rouge compared with Texel lambs (P= 0·07). The efficiency of non-carcass component gains (kg/MJ) was also higher in Greyface compared with Texel lambs (P0·05). Carcass water, protein, lipid and ash gains did not vary significantly between the genotypes, however carcass energy gain tended to be higher in Greyface and Rouge compared with Texel lambs (P= 0·08). The relative proportions of water, protein, lipid and ash in carcass gains did not vary significantly between the genotypes. At the end of the experiment carcass water content was higher in Texel compared with Greyface lambs (P< 0·05) and carcass ash content was lower in Texel compared with Greyface (P< 0·01) and Rouge (P< 0·05) lambs. The concentration of saturated fatty acids was higher in Greyface compared with Rouge lambs (P< 0·001) and higher in Rouge compared with Texel lambs (P< 0·05). Monounsaturated fatty acid concentrations were higher in Rouge compared with Greyface lambs (P< 0·05) and higher in Texel compared with Rouge lambs (P< 0·001). Polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations were higher in Rouge and Texel compared with Greyface lambs (P< 0·01). The ratio of n-6:n-3 fatty acids was lower in Rouge compared with Greyface lambs (P< 0·05).The efficiency of empty body gain was higher in male compared with female lambs (P< 0·05). Carcass water (P< 0·01) and protein (P< 0·05) gains were higher in male lambs. At the end of the experiment male carcasses contained a higher content of water (P< 0·05), protein (P< 0·01) and ash (P= 0·07), and a lower lipid (P< 0·05) and energy (P< 0·001) content. Carcass lipids from male lambs contained a higher concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (P< 0·001) and tended to contain a lower concentration of saturated fatty acids (P = 0·06).

scholarly journals Effect of dietary supplementation of seaweed (Ulva lactuca) and Azolla on growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical parameters of Aseel chicken

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayalingam Thavasi Alagan ◽  
Rajesh Nakulan Vatsala ◽  
Ilavarasan Sagadevan ◽  
Vairamuthu Subbiah ◽  
Venkataramanan Ragothaman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Biochemical

Abstract Background An effort was made to assess the effectiveness of dietary supplementation of Ulva lactuca (U. lactuca), a seaweed and Azolla individually and in combination on different physiological parameters of Aseel chicken. A total of 40 Aseel chicks of 8 weeks old were allocated into four groups, C1 (control), T1 (Azolla alone), T2 (seaweed alone) and T3 (seaweed plus Azolla). Aseel chicks in C1 were fed with formulated grower feed alone, birds in T1 had control diet with 5% Azolla, birds in T2 had control diet with 3% U. lactuca and birds in T3 had control diet admixtured with 5% of Azolla and 3% of U. lactuca. Parameters were recorded for a continuous period of 2 months in 15 days interval. Results The growth performance was found to be significant (P ≤ 0.05) during 30 days of feed trials and highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) during 45 and 60 days of treatment. Birds in T3 had a higher body weight gain, shank length and feed conversion efficiency followed with T1 and T2 compared to C1. PCV, RBC, WBC and heterophil counts were not influenced (P ≥ 0.05) by dietary treatments. Uric acid, creatinine, AST, glucose, triglycerides and magnesium levels revealed a high significant (P ≤ 0.01) variation, and cholesterol level showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) changes during 30th and 60th day of feed trials between the control and treatment groups. Total protein, globulin, phosphorus and electrolytes like Na, K and Cl levels were not significant (P ≥ 0.05) during 30th day and were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) during the 60th day of the trial. Conclusions It could be noted that inclusion of U. lactuca and Azolla as feed supplement in grower chicken had a better body weight gain when given in combination (U. lactuca and Azolla) rather than supplemented with the sole entity. Based on the haematological and serum biochemical analysis, the supplementation of U. lactuca and Azolla at the levels included in this trial did not pose any threat to the physiological well-being of Aseel chicken.

scholarly journals Neonatal nutritional programming impairs adiponectin effects on energy homeostasis in adult life of male rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (1) ◽  
pp. E29-E37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Peduti Halah ◽  
Paula Beatriz Marangon ◽  
Jose Antunes-Rodrigues ◽  
Lucila L. K. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Nutritional Programming

Neonatal nutritional changes induce long-lasting effects on energy homeostasis. Adiponectin influences food intake and body weight. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of neonatal nutritional programming on the central stimulation of adiponectin. Male Wistar rats were divided on postnatal (PN) day 3 in litters of 3 (small litter, SL), 10 (normal litter, NL), or 16 pups/dam (large litter, LL). We assessed body weight gain for 60 days, adiponectin concentration, and white adipose tissue weight. We examined the response of SL, NL, and LL rats on body weight gain, food intake, oxygen consumption (V̇o2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), calorimetry, locomotor activity, phosphorylated-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression in the hypothalamus, and uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 in the brown adipose tissue after central stimulus with adiponectin. After weaning, SL rats maintained higher body weight gain despite similar food intake compared with NL rats. LL rats showed lower body weight at weaning, with a catch up afterward and higher food intake. Both LL and SL groups had decreased plasma concentrations of adiponectin at PN60. SL rats had increased white adipose tissue. Central injection of adiponectin decreased body weight and food intake and increased V̇o2, RER, calorimetry, p-AMPK and UCP- 1 expression in NL rats, but it had no effect on SL and LL rats, compared with the respective vehicle groups. In conclusion, neonatal under- and overfeeding induced an increase in body weight gain in juvenile and early adult life. Unresponsiveness to central effects of adiponectin contributes to the imbalance of the energy homeostasis in adult life induced by neonatal nutritional programming.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiome Derived From Anorexia Nervosa Patients Impairs Weight Gain and Behavioral Performance in Female Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (10) ◽  
pp. 2441-2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomokazu Hata ◽  
Noriyuki Miyata ◽  
Shu Takakura ◽  
Kazufumi Yoshihara ◽  
Yasunari Asano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Compulsive Behavior ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Poor Weight Gain

Abstract Anorexia nervosa (AN) results in gut dysbiosis, but whether the dysbiosis contributes to AN-specific pathologies such as poor weight gain and neuropsychiatric abnormalities remains unclear. To address this, germ-free mice were reconstituted with the microbiota of four patients with restricting-type AN (gAN mice) and four healthy control individuals (gHC mice). The effects of gut microbes on weight gain and behavioral characteristics were examined. Fecal microbial profiles in recipient gnotobiotic mice were clustered with those of the human donors. Compared with gHC mice, gAN mice showed a decrease in body weight gain, concomitant with reduced food intake. Food efficiency ratio (body weight gain/food intake) was also significantly lower in gAN mice than in gHC mice, suggesting that decreased appetite as well as the capacity to convert ingested food to unit of body substance may contribute to poor weight gain. Both anxiety-related behavior measured by open-field tests and compulsive behavior measured by a marble-burying test were increased only in gAN mice but not in gHC mice. Serotonin levels in the brain stem of gAN mice were lower than those in the brain stem of gHC mice. Moreover, the genus Bacteroides showed the highest correlation with the number of buried marbles among all genera identified. Administration of Bacteroides vulgatus reversed compulsive behavior but failed to exert any substantial effect on body weight. Collectively, these results indicate that AN-specific dysbiosis may contribute to both poor weight gain and mental disorders in patients with AN.

scholarly journals Eicosapentaenoic acid actions on adiposity and insulin resistance in control and high-fat-fed rats: role of apoptosis, adiponectin and tumour necrosis factor-α

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pérez-Matute ◽  
Nerea Pérez-Echarri ◽  
J. Alfredo Martínez ◽  
Amelia Marti ◽  
María J. Moreno-Aliaga
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects

n-3 PUFA have shown potential anti-obesity and insulin-sensitising properties. However, the mechanisms involved are not clearly established. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of EPA administration, one of the n-3 PUFA, on body-weight gain and adiposity in rats fed on a standard or a high-fat (cafeteria) diet. The actions on white adipose tissue lipolysis, apoptosis and on several genes related to obesity and insulin resistance were also studied. Control and cafeteria-induced overweight male Wistar rats were assigned into two subgroups, one of them daily received EPA ethyl ester (1 g/kg) for 5 weeks by oral administration. The high-fat diet induced a very significant increase in both body weight and fat mass. Rats fed with the cafeteria diet and orally treated with EPA showed a marginally lower body-weight gain (P = 0·09), a decrease in food intake (P < 0·01) and an increase in leptin production (P < 0·05). EPA administration reduced retroperitoneal adipose tissue weight (P < 0·05) which could be secondary to the inhibition of the adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ gene expression (P < 0·001), and also to the increase in apoptosis (P < 0·05) found in rats fed with a control diet. TNFα gene expression was significantly increased (P < 0·05) by the cafeteria diet, while EPA treatment was able to prevent (P < 0·01) the rise in this inflammatory cytokine. Adiposity-corrected adiponectin plasma levels were increased by EPA. These actions on both TNFα and adiponectin could explain the beneficial effects of EPA on insulin resistance induced by the cafeteria diet.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of effects of different sources of groundnut meals on digestibility, growth performance and economics of production of growing rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-283
Author(s):  
K. T. Orayaga ◽  
P. M. Goholshak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Groundnut Cake

Three groundnut meals namely: groundnut cake (GNC), locally processed groundnut cake (kulikuli) and toasted groundnut seed(kernel) meal (TGSM) were incorporated in rabbit diets at two levels to generate six diets: 18% GNC, 22% GNC, 18% Kulikuli, 22% Kulikuli, 18% TGSM and 22% TGSM respectively, and 18% GNC also served as the control diet. Twenty four (24) six weeks-old growing rabbits of mixed breeds and sexes with mean initial weight of 568.75±l2.85g were randomly allocated to the six dietary treatment groups, such that each had four rabbits and each rabbit formed a replicate in a completely randomized design laid out in a 2X3 factorial arrangement and fed ad libitum, for 70 days. The main effects showed that while the treatment groups fed TGSM were significantly depressed (p<0.05). rabbits fed GNC and kulikuli were not significantly different (p>0.05) for average daily feed intake, daily body weight gain and final body weight. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was not significantly (p >0.05) affected among treatment groups. Rabbits fed TGSM had significantly (p<0.05) better apparent digestibility coefficient (78.04%) than those on kulikuli (75.81%6) and the group on kulikuli were better than animals fed GNC (72.09%) for fat digestibility. Fibre digestibility was also significantly different (p <0.05), with rabbits fed kulikuli having the poorest fibre digestion (15.63 %). Crude protein, dry matter and NFE apparent digestibility coefficients were not significantly (p >0.05) affected. Among all the parameters measured, only fat and fibre digestibility coefficients had significant (p <0.05) interactions and NFE digestibility was significantly affected (p <0.05) by level of inclusion, with groups fed 22% digesting it better. Feed cost kg gain did not differ significantly (p >0.05) among the treatment groups. Growth was still on the rise and there was a significantly (P<0.01) strong relationship (correlation and regression) between feed intake and weight gain for all the treatment groups. was concluded that both kulikuli and TGSM are potential feed resources for rabbits, more available to house hold farmers, equally economical as GNC and better still if groundnut farmers and or processors of kulikuli raise rabbits, though TGSM had less value for growth rate compared to GNC and Kulikuli at these levels of inclusion

Bimatoprost promotes satiety and attenuates body weight in rats fed standard or obesity-promoting diets.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton Spada ◽  
Chau Vu ◽  
Iona Raymond ◽  
Warren Tong ◽  
Chia-Lin Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Gut Hormone

Abstract Background Bimatoprost negatively regulates adipogenesis in vitro and likely participates in a negative feedback loop on anandamide-induced adipogenesis. Here, we investigate the broader metabolic effects of bimatoprost action in vivo in rats under both normal state and obesity-inducing conditions. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were a fed standard chow (SC) diet in conjunction with dermally applied bimatoprost treatment for a period of 9–10 weeks. Body weight gain, energy expenditure, food intake, and hormones associated with satiety were measured. Gastric emptying was also separately evaluated. In obesity-promoting diet studies, rats were fed a cafeteria diet (CAF) and gross weight, fat accumulation in SQ, visceral fat and liver was evaluated together with standard serum chemistry. Results Chronic bimatoprost administration attenuated weight gain in rats fed either standard or obesity-promoting diets over a 9–10 weeks. Bimatoprost increased satiety as measured by decreased food intake, gastric emptying and circulating gut hormone levels. Additionally, SQ and visceral fat mass was distinctly affected by treatment. Bimatoprost increased satiety as measured by decreased food intake, gastric emptying and circulating gut hormone levels. Conclusions These findings suggest that bimatoprost (and possibly prostamide F2α) regulates energy homeostasis through actions on dietary intake. These actions likely counteract the metabolic actions of anandamide through the endocannabinoid system potentially revealing a new pathway that could be exploited for therapeutic development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document