scholarly journals Lichentherapy: Highlights on the Pharmaceutical Potentials of Lichens

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Elkhateeb WA
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Alternative Product ◽  
Lichen Substances ◽  
History Of

Lichens exist in every continent and have a history of being used as food, medicine, a source of dyes and animal feed. Lichens are now being used as natural indicators of climate change and for air quality monitoring worldwide. Lichens play an important role in many ecosystems and exist as a symbiotic association between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. This symbiosis results in the production of unique secondary metabolites known as lichen substances, which arise within the thalli and are typically in crystal form on the surface of the fungal hyphae. Recently, lichens and their secondary metabolites have been receiving increased attention due to their nutritional value and pharmaceutical potential. This review aims to highlight on the importance and variety of common lichen substances (secondary metabolites). Finally, the commercialization of lichens is growing but, in the future, metabolic and biotechnological approaches can be used as an alternative product to overcome the limited availability of biologically active, commercially valuable and medicinally important secondary metabolite components.

Mysterious World of Lichens: Highlights on Their History, Applications, and Pharmaceutical Potentials

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waill A. Elkhateeb ◽  
Ghoson M. Daba ◽  
Donia Sheir ◽  
The-Duy Nguyen ◽  
Kalani K. Hapuarachchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lichen Substances ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Background: Lichens play an important role in many ecosystems and exist as a symbiotic association between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. This symbiosis results in production of unique secondary metabolites known as lichen substances, which arise within the thalli and are typically in crystal form on the surface of the fungal hyphae. Recently, lichens and their secondary metabolites have been receiving increased attention due to their nutritional value and pharmaceutical potential. Objectives: This review aims to cast a light on the importance and variety of common lichen substances (secondary metabolites), which are investigated along with their historical and contemporary applications, use in environmental research and discussion of the commercialisation of lichens-based products. Methods: The literature, including research and reviews articles, was analysed and the information was compiled to provide a complete review of Lichens. A desk-based study to elucidate the role of lichens in commercial products was also undertaken. Results: Analysis of metabolites, mostly secondary metabolites, have yielded a wide range of interesting compounds with biological activities from antimicrobial to anticancer. 31 of these compounds are discussed in detail. Further, the nutritional value of lichens is identified alongside a role in environmental monitoring and a number of commercialised lichen-based products are located. Conclusions: Lichens are found on every continent and have a history of use as food, medicine, dyes and livestock feed. The pharmaceutical potential of lichens is high and several companies are now attempting to commercialise these unique attributes.

scholarly journals Usage of Mushrooms in Culinary and Medicinal Purposes

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Mohammad Azizur Rahman ◽  
Tawhidur Rahman ◽  
Moshiur Rahman ◽  
Mirza Arif
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Aspect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Distinct Role

The present article reviews the history of mushroom uses in culinary, food and medicinal values; current status and future aspect of mushroom research. Mushrooms contain biologically active polysaccharides, lipid and proteins in fruit bodies, each of them has a distinct role in health as either nutritional value or medicinal elements. Immunostimulating polysaccharides found in mushrooms, are most important for modern medicine. Several of the mushroom biomolecules have undergone phase I, II, and III clinical trials and are used extensively and successfully throughout the world for the treatment of various cancers and other diseases. Medicinal functions played by the mushrooms include antitumor, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, detoxification, cardiovascular, antihypercholesterolemia, antiviral, antifungal, hepatoprotective, immunomodulating and free radical scavenging. The present review draws attention to nutritional and medicinal importance of mushroom as well as the problems and opportunity in the future development of mushroom research.

scholarly journals Widely Targeted Metabolomics Analysis of Different Parts of Salsola collina Pall

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1126
Author(s):  
Shipeng Li ◽  
Ye Chen ◽  
Ying Duan ◽  
Yinhui Zhao ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
Widely Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Active Substances

Salsola collina Pall has a long history of being used as a traditional medicine to treat hypertension, headache, insomnia, constipation and vertigo. However, only a few biologically active substances have been identified from S. collina. Here, the shoots and roots of S. collina, namely L-Sc and R-Sc, were studied. The primary and secondary metabolites were investigated using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). A total of 637 putative metabolites were identified and these metabolites were mainly classified into ten different categories. Correlation analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis of metabolites showed that the L-Sc samples could be clearly separated from the R-Sc samples. Differential accumulated metabolite analysis revealed that most of differential primary metabolites were significantly lower in the L-Sc than in the R-Sc. Conversely, the major differential secondary metabolites had higher levels in the L-Sc than in the R-Sc. Further analysis indicated that the flavonoids were the major putative antioxidant components and most of putative antioxidant components exhibited higher relative concentrations in the L-Sc than the R-Sc. These results improve our understanding of metabolite accumulation and provide a reference for the study of medicinal value in S. collina.

Problems of ensuring metrological traceability of measurement results of indicators of quality for food products and food raw materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Mariya Y. Medvedevskikh ◽  
Anna S. Sergeeva
Keyword(s):  
Reference Materials ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Metrological Traceability ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Measurement Results

The article raises the problem of ensuring metrological traceability of the measurement results of indicators of quality and nutritional value for food products and food raw materials: water (moisture), nitrogen (protein, crude protein), fat, ash and carbohydrates. The problem under consideration can be solved by applying reference materials of food composition, traceable to state primary measurement standards GET 173-2017 and GET 176-2019 and primary reference measurement procedures (PRMP), for attestation of measurement procedures and accuracy checking of measurement results. The article discusses the results of the PRMP development of mass fraction of fat, ash and carbohydrates in food products and food raw materials, as well as mass fraction of crude fat (oil content) in oil crops seeds and products based on them. The paper also presents metrological characteristics of reference materials of composition of dry dairy products, grain-milk dry porridges for nutrition of babies, grain dry porridges for nutrition of babies, egg powder, freeze-dried meat products, animal feed. The results of the work allow for building a chain of metrological traceability from GET 173-2017, GET 176-2019 and PRMP to routine measurement procedures, thereby ensuring the uniformity of measurements of nutritional value of food products.

Analisis Nutrisi Umbi Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) untuk Konsumsi Bayo dan Anak-anak Suku Dani di Distrik Kurulu Kabupaten Jayawijaya

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Pattikawa ◽  
Antonius Suparno ◽  
Saraswati Prabawardani
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Development Center

<em>Sweet potato is an important staple food crop especially for the local people of Central Highlands Jayawijaya. There are many accessions that have always been maintained its existence to enrich their various uses. Traditionally, sweet potato accessions were grouped based on the utilization, such as for animal feed, cultural ceremonies, consumption for adults, as well as for infants and children. This study was aimed to analyze the nutritional value of sweet potatoes consumed by infants and children of the Dani tribe. Chemical analyses were conducted at the Laboratory of Post-Harvest Research and Development Center, Cimanggu, Bogor. The results showed that each of 4 (four) sweet potato accessions which were consumed by infants and children had good nutrient levels. Accession Sabe showed the highest water content (72.56%), vitamin C (72.71 mg/100 g), Fe (11.85 mg/100 g), and K levels (130.41 mg / 100 grams). The highest levels of protein (1.44%), fat (1.00%), energy (154.43 kkal/100 gram), carbohydrate (35.47%), starch (30.26%), reducing sugar (3.44%), riboflavin (0.18 mg/100 g), and vitamin A (574.40 grams IU/100 were produced by accession Manis. On the other hand, accession Saborok produced the highest value for ash content (1.32%), vitamin E (28.30 mg/100 g), and ?-carotene (64.69 ppm). The highest level of crude fiber (1.81 %) and thiamin (0.36 mg/100 g) was produced by accession Yuaiken.</em>

Oceans and Landless Farms: Linking Southern and Northern Shadow Places of Industrial Livestock (1954–1975)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floor Haalboom
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Global South ◽  
Humboldt Current ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Boom And Bust ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global North

This article argues for more extensive attention by environmental historians to the role of agriculture and animals in twentieth-century industrialisation and globalisation. To contribute to this aim, this article focuses on the animal feed that enabled the rise of ‘factory farming’ and its ‘shadow places’, by analysing the history of fishmeal. The article links the story of feeding fish to pigs and chickens in one country in the global north (the Netherlands), to that of fishmeal producing countries in the global south (Peru, Chile and Angola in particular) from 1954 to 1975. Analysis of new source material about fishmeal consumption from this period shows that it saw a shift to fishmeal production in the global south rather than the global north, and a boom and bust in the global supply of fishmeal in general and its use in Dutch pigs and poultry farms in particular. Moreover, in different ways, the ocean, and production and consumption places of fishmeal functioned as shadow places of this commodity. The public health, ecological and social impacts of fishmeal – which were a consequence of its cheapness as a feed ingredient – were largely invisible on the other side of the world, until changes in the marine ecosystem of the Pacific Humboldt Current and the large fishmeal crisis of 1972–1973 suddenly changed this.

scholarly journals Nutritional Value of Jerusalem Artichoke Tubers (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Grown in Organic System under Lithuanian and Polish Conditions

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Barbara Sawicka ◽  
Honorata Danilčenko ◽  
Elvyra Jariene ◽  
Dominika Skiba ◽  
Leszek Rachoń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Block Method ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Organic Farming System ◽  
True Protein

The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional value of H. tuberosus tubers grown in the organic farming system in Poland and Lithuania. The work was based on field experiments carried out in 2015–2017 in Parczew (Poland) and Akademija (Lithuania). The experiments were carried out using the randomized block method in four replications. Two cultivars of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) ‘Albik’ and ‘Rubik’ were tested. After the harvest of tubers, an assessment of their quality was carried out by standard methods. Due to the relocation of JA cultivation from Central and Eastern Europe to Northeast Europe, there were changes in the chemical composition of H. tuberosus tubers. The tubers from crops in Lithuania were characterized by a lower content of inulin, crude fiber and protein, ascorbic acid, total and endogenous amino acids than in Poland, but a higher content of true protein and macroelements. Edaphic factors determined, to a greater extent than genetic factors, the nutritional value of tubers. Assessment of the influence of varietal characteristics, meteorological conditions, and geographic location on the amount of biologically active compounds in JA will allow growers and consumers to choose the most suitable cultivars.

scholarly journals Target screening of plant secondary metabolites in river waters by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulatu Yohannes Nanusha ◽  
Martin Krauss ◽  
Carina D. Schönsee ◽  
Barbara F. Günthardt ◽  
Thomas D. Bucheli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Target Screening

Abstract Background Substantial efforts have been made to monitor potentially hazardous anthropogenic contaminants in surface waters while for plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) almost no data on occurrence in the water cycle are available. These metabolites enter river waters through various pathways such as leaching, surface run-off and rain sewers or input of litter from vegetation and might add to the biological activity of the chemical mixture. To reduce this data gap, we conducted a LC–HRMS target screening in river waters from two different catchments for 150 plant metabolites which were selected from a larger database considering their expected abundance in the vegetation, their potential mobility, persistence and toxicity in the water cycle and commercial availability of standards. Results The screening revealed the presence of 12 out of 150 possibly toxic PSMs including coumarins (bergapten, scopoletin, fraxidin, esculetin and psoralen), a flavonoid (formononetin) and alkaloids (lycorine and narciclasine). The compounds narciclasine and lycorine were detected at concentrations up to 3 µg/L while esculetin and fraxidin occurred at concentrations above 1 µg/L. Nine compounds occurred at concentrations above 0.1 µg/L, the Threshold for Toxicological Concern (TTC) for non-genotoxic and non-endocrine disrupting chemicals in drinking water. Conclusions Our study provides an overview of potentially biologically active PSMs in surface waters and recommends their consideration in monitoring and risk assessment of water resources. This is currently hampered by a lack of effect data including toxicity to aquatic organisms, endocrine disruption and genotoxicity and demands for involvement of these compounds in biotesting.

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