scholarly journals ETHNOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF ACCIDENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 282-286
Author(s):  
I.M. Potravny ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses approaches to conducting ethnological expertise to assess the consequences of changes in the native habitat of indigenous peoples of the North in connection with an emergency oil spill at the TPP-3 in Norilsk on May 29, 2020. It shows the impact on the environment as a result of past economic activity on the territory of the Norilsk industrial district, as well as possible changes in the sphere of traditional nature management in connection with an emergency oil spill. It is proposed to divide the assessment of negative effects on the environment and the traditional way of life of indigenous peoples associated with past economic activities and changes caused by the current impact of accidental pollution and its consequences on the ethnic group and the traditional way of life of the local population. The stages and content of ethnological expertise of changes in the native habitat of indigenous peoples on the territory of the Taimyr Dolgan-Nenets municipal district of the Krasnoyarsk territory due to an emergency oil spill are considered. The assessment of possible harm to small indigenous peoples for subsequent compensation is proposed to be determined on the basis of reduced resource productivity of the territory and lost profits for certain types of traditional nature use. The zone of withdrawal of the territories of traditional nature use area stress should be determined on the basis of instrumental measurements of the level of environmental pollution (water, soil, etc.). Holding the ethnological expertise in connection with environmental pollution on the territories of traditional nature use, including the assessment and compensation of the caused harm, allows to harmonize the interests of all stakeholders to minimize ecological, economic and social risks in the field of natural use.

scholarly journals Gender-specific perceptions of environmental problems by the indigenous peoples of the North of Russia

POPULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-84
Author(s):  
Evgenia V. Potravnaya
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific

The article deals with gender aspects of the perception of environmental problems by the population in the industrial development of the Arctic. There is substantiated the need to develop an ethno-social approach to the study of environmental problems in the framework of interaction between mining companies and the indigenous peoples of the North. It is proposed to conduct sociological surveys of the population when assessing the impact on the ethnological environment (ethnological expertise of the project). The experience of conducting such research to identify and assess gender-specific perceptions of environmental problems in the implementation of investment projects in the Arctic is shown. Based on the results of the empirical research in 2017–2019 on alluvial gold and diamond mining projects in the Northern regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the main environmental problems that concern the local population are identified. These include: pollution of the environment in the territories of traditional nature use, decrease in the number of deer, reduction in the number of objects of traditional crafts, lack of a system for garbage removal and processing, climate change, and others. The article shows specifics of the environmental problems perception by the indigenous inhabitants of the North (Evenks, Dolgans, Yukagirs, Sakha) on a gender basis. It proposes a mechanism for taking into account the gender characteristics of the population’s behavior in the impact of economic activities on the environment in order to ensure gender equality by signing an agreement between mining companies and the local population on the socio-economic development of the territory. The concept of a gender approach to the account of ethnosocial and environmental aspects of territory development with the account the life cycle of the project is substantiated. Implementation of this approach will allow a more full account of the interests and needs of the indigenous population in the industrial development of the territory in the Arctic.

scholarly journals Legal regulation of the use and protection of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation: certain relevant issues

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Olga Anatolevna Samonchik
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
The Russian Federation

The subject of this research is a set of legal norms regulating social relations that arise in the context of use and protection of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The goal lies in formulation of the conclusions and recommendations for the improvement of legal regulation in this sphere. The relevance of the selected topic is substantiated by interest of the state in the development of Arctic Zone as a strategic resource base for accelerating the economic growth of the Russian Federation. Among the priority national interests are also the environmental protection of region, conservation of the native habitat and traditional way of living of the indigenous small-numbered peoples. This emphasizes the importance of intensification of use and preservation of the vulnerable areas of the region. The author dwells on the current issues of the formation of territories of traditional management of natural resources and legal status of their lands; rights of the indigenous peoples to land in their native habitat and traditional economy; provision of land plots to entrepreneurs who are the residents of the Arctic Zone; protection of the Arctic lands, etc. The conclusion is made on the existence of gaps and contradictions in legislation of the indicated sphere, which requires revision and improvement. This pertains to the questions of formation of the territories of traditional management of natural resources, maintenance and modification of their boundaries, establishment of the special protection regime in the federal law, etc. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the adopted simplified procedure for providing entrepreneurs who are residents of the Arctic Zone with land plots aimed at expansion of the development of natural resources of the Arctic, may negatively affect the status of lands and overall fragile environment of the Arctic Zone, and thus, lead to infringement upon the interests of the local population, including the indigenous peoples. The author formulates a number of recommendations for the improvement of legislation, among which is the amendments to the Paragraph 2 of the Article 39.34 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation on the establishment of highly restricted cases of termination of permits using the land plots by the indigenous small-numbered peoples.

scholarly journals «How much does a fish tail weigh?»: ethnicity and bureaucracy in traditional fishing in the Ob North

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Elena A. Pivneva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Wide System ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Traditional Fishing

The article discusses the impact of government measures in regulating production of fish resources on daily life of fishing communities of the Ob North and on related public moods. The main conclusions are based on the data obtained during expeditionary works in Beloyarsky, Oktyabrsky and Berezovsky districts of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Ugra) and introduce indigenous peoples' opinions in scientific discourse. Associated normative documents, scientific literature and publications in the media were also used in the article. The study identified positive and negative factors affecting the socio-economic condition of rural communities of the Ob North. It is noted that a wide system of state support has been formed in Yugra, which allows to promote the development of indigenous traditional economic activities including fishing. At the same time, in reality people faced many bureaucratic obstacles that impede realization of their legal rights and make them « involuntary poachers». Among such obstacles are: the declarative principle of granting rights to fish production; quotas for personal consumption; restrictions on fishing gear, species of fish and the timing of its catch; complicated procedure for accounting catch amount and reporting on it; selling problems; imperfection of legislative and regulatory framework on the basis of which traditional fishing is carried out. Special attention is paid to identification of collisions related to the lack of documentary evidence of the Russian Federation citizens belonging to indigenous peoples. It makes difficult the implementation of their rights provided by the legislation and confuses environmental authorities, which are monitoring the legality of the extraction (catch) of water resources. Existing situation creates potential conflicts and requires corresponding changes in the current legislation

scholarly journals The impact of technogenesis and economic activities of the indigenous peoples of the North Russia on the environmental status of the Yamal region

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 06012
Author(s):  
Sergei Petrov ◽  
Natali Mamaeva ◽  
Maksim Narushko
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The North ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
Original Habitat ◽  
The Impact

The article studies the issue of the protection of the land and the coastal part of the Kara Sea and the role of specially protected natural territories, trading posts of small indigenous peoples of the North (SIPN) located within the boundaries of the state biological reserve of regional importance Yamalskiy. It is shown that the consolidation of administrative and production resources and academic science in order to study the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the biogeocenosis of the Arctic and the sociogenesis of the peoples of the North will allow solving specific tasks of developing and using the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and preserving the ethnic and cultural development of the SIPN, protecting their original habitat and traditional lifestyle.

scholarly journals VERTICAL INTEGRATION in AGRO-INDUSTRY: ECO-FRIENDLY GAMBIER PRODUCTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Hamira Hamira ◽  
◽  
Bernadette Robiani ◽  
Mukhlis Mukhlis ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Garment Industry ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
The Impact

Textile dyeing on fabrics and clothing causes environmental pollution and health problems. There is an innovation of natural coloring using gambier in the Gambo Muba fabric industry and the garment industry in Indonesia. Gambier farmers supply natural dye raw materials. Then through the supply chain of the Gambo Muba fabric industry and the garment industry, it causes vertical integration in the gambier agro-industry. This study uses primary data from 39 vertically integrated companies in the gambier agro-industry, including the gambier rubber industry, the Gambo Muba fabric industry, and the garment industry. The data was then analyzed using descriptive qualitative. This study analyzes the relationship between vertically integrated industries, including the transaction costs between them, their impact of vertical integration on added value, and their profitability. Vertically integrated industries have low transaction costs. The impact of vertical integration on the gambier agro-industry adds to the chain of economic activities that can increase added value and profits. The impact of vertical integration can reduce transaction costs, especially the supplier coordination cost component, distributor cost component, inter-company lobbying costs components. The benefits of vertical integration in the gambier agro-industry are increasing high added value, profit levels, decreasing environmental pollution, and agro-industry sustainability.

scholarly journals AN OVERVIEW OF THE LAND DEVELOPMENT ISSUES RELATED TO INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (26) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Kelvin Celesistinus ◽  
Siti Radiaton Adawiyah Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Given that the way of life of indigenous peoples is usually associated with low living standards, the government has an important role to play in ensuring that the gap between indigenous and non-indigenous communities is narrowed. Unfortunately, as the program to improve the quality of life of indigenous communities has been widely implemented across the country, tension has begun to escalate among the indigenous community on the real motive of the program. Government policy objectives to assimilate indigenous communities into mainstream society leave little scope for indigenous groups to pursue their own life projects. Several studies have reported that the development of the government within traditional indigenous lands has caused conflict between the developer and the indigenous community. This situation has caused the indigenous people to bear the consequences of losing their traditional land, which is very important to reflect their identity. The aim of this paper is therefore to examine the current issues related to the land development initiative on the way of life of indigenous peoples in Malaysia. Documents search from published and unpublished material is used for this paper and a guide with a set of settings five years prior. The findings of this paper show that the development of the government in indigenous traditional lands has disrupted the traditional way of life, leading to multiple adverse effects on the community and the environment. In other words, the core of the indigenous people's struggle to this date is therefore concentrated in their involvement in making decisions in any development proposed to enhance their quality of life. Apart from that, the perspective of land development between the government and the indigenous peoples is quite different from one another. In conclusion, it is important to elicit knowledge and opinion from both indigenous peoples and government agencies to ensure the impact of land development activities can be minimized and implemented appropriately.

scholarly journals Review of the book “The nature and indigenous inhabitants of the Arctic under the influence ofclimate change and industrial development: Murmansk Region”. Moscow, 2020. 180 p.

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-2020) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Denis A. Davydov ◽  
◽  
Alyona S. Davydova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Mining Complex

Here presented a review of a collective monograph «Nature and the indigenous population of the Arctic impacted by climate change and industrial development: Murmansk Region» (2020). The book included a comprehensive assessment of the consequences of climate change and anthropogenic impact on theenvironment and nature managementin the Murmansk region, with attention to the economic activities of the indigenous people. The following chapters of the book are surveyed: changes in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, interaction of the mining complex and the natural environment, the ethnogenesis, history and culture of the Sami, as well as statistical data on the demography of the Sami in the Mur-mansk region, an overview of traditional knowledge and practices of nature management. Book data on the participation of the indigenous peoples in the local government, protection and development of Sami culture are assessed on the Lovozero village as an example. The scenarios of social consequences of climate change in areas of intensive nature management are also analyzed.

scholarly journals Indigenous Peoples’ Interaction with External World: The Principle of Free, Prior and Informed Consent

2019 ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
Pavel Parshin
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Special Rights ◽  
Practical Implications

Indigenous peoples are inheritors of earlier population of their present day territories of modern states, committed to their land and traditional way of life. The world community for many decades proceeds along the path of recognition the rights of indigenous peoples, the main of which, in the author’s opinion, is the right to choose the degree and form of their integration in the modern society. Historically, the attitude towards indigenous peoples’ rights developed from recognition of their right “to be as other peoples are” to the consent to their right to be different an original. One of the main tenet ensuring the realization of their right to originality, which has important practical implications, is the principle of free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) of indigenous peoples to affecting them economic and cultural activities of their dominant neighbors, as well as to more particular (including special) rights and implementation procedures resulting from them. In economic terms, it primarily concerns nature management and, especially, extraction of natural fossil and usage of biological resources, military activities, and waste disposal. The article analyzes the history of ideas about the of indigenous peoples’ rights and their legal fixation, as well as problems of interpretation of the principle of free, prior and informed consent and its implementation in various regions of the world and spheres of activity.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTIC FOR THE PEOPLES OF EXPATRIATE COMMUNITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF MORDOVIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
Albina I. Minakova
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The polyethnicity of the Republic of Mordovia, an equal subject of the Russian Federation, is confirmed by the 2010 census data. According to the All-Russian census, the population of 119 nationalities lives here. The increase in the number of nationalities in the regions results in an increase in contacts between people and the impact on ethnic processes. The interaction of ethnic groups affects all aspects of the life of an ethnic group: from the way of life, including customs, rituals, type of clothing, dietary habits, relationships with nature, social relationships of ethnic groups, to the forms of economic activity of ethnic groups. Eastern European peoples, especially the Ukrainians, the Belarusians, as well as representatives of the peoples of Transcaucasia and the Central Asia living in Mordovia, are commonly found in a natural assimilation, which is expressed in some common features of their economic activities, culture and way of life. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of economic activity carried out by the peoples living in a non-native environment outside their historical homeland. The main objective of the study is to demonstrate the factors that determine the specifics of the economic activity carried out by the peoples of expatriate community in Mordovia. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that it is for the first time that the study makes an attempt to comprehensively study the features of the economic activities carried out by the peoples of expatriate community living in a non-native environment. The general scientific method of research in the work consists in a general analysis of the economic components of ethnic groups in a non-native environment. The results of the study intend to identify specific features of the economic structure of migrants from Europe, Central Asia and Transcaucasia in the polyethnic region of the Volga Federal District. The peoples of the foreign countries living in Mordovia successfully adapted to the Republic, this was facilitated by the similarity of the living and economic conditions of the migrants in question in new territories and unfamiliar places with the areas of exodus.

scholarly journals Economic, Social, Medical, Work Injury, and Environmental Efficiency Assessments

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 004695802097221
Author(s):  
Zhong Fang ◽  
Yung-ho Chiu ◽  
Tai-Yu Lin ◽  
Tzu-Han Chang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Work Injury ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Medical Work ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Impact

Improving the management efficiency of industrial accidents is significant for stabilizing social order and improving production efficiency. Although many previous studies have discussed the impact of work injury on different occupations from the work safety and health perspectives, few have jointly discussed economic, social, medical, and environmental pollution issues, and those that do mostly employ static models, failing to take into account welfare factors and environmental pollution issues that affect society. Therefore, in order to understand the dynamic evolution trend between social and economic activities and environmental issues, this study utilizes a modified undesirable two-stage dynamic exogenous data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to explore the economic, social, medical, and environmental efficiencies of 30 provinces in China to fill the gap in the literature. In terms of work injury insurance expenditure efficiency, the results show that the air quality index (AQI) impacts the ranking of China’s 30 provincial regions, with Fujian, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shandong, Tianjin, and Xinjiang being greatly affected. AQI significantly influences overall factor efficiency, rescue invalid deaths, and the work-related injuries in the various regions. AQI also has a relatively small effect on the efficiency of work injury insurance benefits. Based on this, we offer suggestions for policy makers to evaluate the social benefits of environmental governance and the efficiency of human capital.

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