scholarly journals Socio-hygienic factors affecting the health of working-age population of Moscow region (on example of city of Domodedovo)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-396
Author(s):  
I.V. Lebedeva ◽  
◽  
Y.A. Olenin ◽  
V.S. Gziryan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Government

BACKGROUND: Human resources are the most important wealth of the country, which directly determines the welfare of the country, and the main production force is the working population. In addition, the working-age population mostly consists of men and women of fertile age, i.e. capable of reproduction of the population. Therefore, the study of the state of health and socio-hygienic factors that influence it in the working population is the most important task of the government. AIM: To identify and study social and hygienic factors that influence the health of the working-age urban population of the Moscow region at the beginning of XXI century. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have developed a questionnaire containing more than 100 questions with multiple answers, covering social, hygienic and medical issues. A sociological study was conducted among men and women of the working age who turned to the city polyclinic of Domodedovo for medical care. The analysis of sociological data was carried out with the multivariate mathematical statistics methods used in the study of statistically related signs in order to identify a certain number of factors hidden from direct observation — factor analysis using Cattell test. RESULTS: Five socio-hygienic factors were identified (“social factor”, “health status factor”, “demographic factor”, “health care satisfaction factor”, “health care availability factor”), arranged by the load size and significance. They play a role in formation of health of the working-age urban population of the Moscow region and are closely related to each other. CONCLUSION: The obtained socio-hygienic factors have a considerable influence on health and permit to assess the risks affecting the health of the working-age urban population of the Moscow region and to precisely act on them by both municipal and regional administrative authorities, which in the future may also influence the demographic parameters. Social and hygienic factors are more correlated with the concept of “quality of life”, and this is actually a complex characteristic of the conditions of the life activity of the population, which is expressed in objective parameters and subjective assessments of the satisfaction of financial, social and cultural needs, taking into account the system of values and social standards.

Missed Call: The Smartphone and Job Creation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Job Creation ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Formal Employment ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Government ◽  
Nations Development ◽  
Local Term ◽  
New Jobs

In the summer of 2015, the government of Uttar Pradesh began putting out advertisements looking for “peons”—the local term for low-ranking office helpers. UP, as the state is known, is home to more than 200 million Indians, packed into an area about the size of Texas (which has one-seventh as many inhabitants). Fittingly, UP needed a small army of new peons: in all, 368 jobs were posted. A very strange thing happened next. Applications poured in. After a painstaking survey that took weeks, 2.3 million résumés were counted. There were 6,250 candidates for each available position. Some of the applicants had doctorates. While peon jobs are stable—even respectable—they are by no means glamorous. Peons are usually the first people one sees at Indian government offices, dressed in shabby, faded khaki uniforms; their work involves tracking down dusty files, fetching tea, and ushering in guests. Salaries range from just $150 to $250 a month. The question is why these low-skill, low-paying jobs were in such high demand. There are several possible explanations. First, $250 a month may sound like a pittance, but it is not insignificant: it amounts to nearly double the median national salary. Second, peons are influential gatekeepers in Indian bureaucracy. If you need to see a local officer, a small bribe can go a long way. But workplace corruption is hardly something young, idealistic Indians aspire to (let alone the ones with doctorates). Something deeper was going on. A third possibility is that India simply isn’t creating enough jobs. A 2016 report by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) revealed that India’s working-age population expanded by 300 million between 1991 and 2013. But during those same twenty-two years, the UNDP says, the economy created just 140 million new jobs. Put another way, 160 million working-age Indians were without formal employment. Job creation is the number one headache for India’s policymakers. By some estimates, India needs to create a million new jobs every month simply to keep pace with the gush of new entrants to the workforce. There is little evidence that India has a plan to meet this demand.

scholarly journals Demographic characteristics of the Moscow region at the beginning of the XXI century

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-430
Author(s):  
Y. A. Olenin ◽  
I. V. Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Simple Arithmetic ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Population Demographic

The socio-economic development of the country and any region is influenced by many factors, among which the most important role belongs to the demographic, in a generalized form representing the demographic situation. The demographic situation is usually understood as the demographic situation, the state of demographic processes, the composition and placement of the population at a certain time in a country or a particular region. Thus, the analysis of the demographic situation is necessary for understanding the main parameters of the population, trends in their dynamics, forecasting the number, demographic structure, demographic behavior of the population. Objective: to conduct a comparative analysis of official statistical data on demographic processes (statics and population dynamics) in the Moscow region (MO) for 2000-2015. Materials and methods: at the first stage, the collection and analysis of information and statistical sources were carried out, requests were sent to the Federal and territorial state statistics services of the Russian Federation (Rosstat, Mosobstat, MIAC MO). At the second stage, the data on demographic processes in the Moscow region were copied from the responses of Rosstat, Mosobstat, MIAC MO and from the websites of relevant organizations. Statistical analysis included calculation of simple arithmetic mean, percentage values, economic and demographic burden on the working population, demographic factors and the efficiency of population growth. Results and conclusions. The population of the Moscow region at the beginning of the XXI century continues to increase, but mainly due to migrants arriving from neighboring regions of the country and abroad. Males constitute 46.2% of the population and females 53.8% (2015). Boys are born more than girls by 6% and this advantage is maintained until the age of 30. And starting from the age of 35, the number of women begins to prevail over the number of men by 3.5%. This trend continues to 75 years and older. Age groups of the region's population are formed according to the regressive type: children - 15.9%; working-age population - 59.8%, and persons older than working age - 24.3% (2015). The economic and demographic burden of children and the elderly on the working population is more than 40%. The birth rate in the region increased by 76.7% from 2000 to 2015 and was higher than in 1990. Analysis of the total fertility rate indicates that in the Moscow region remains mononuclear family type (1-2-child family), ie there is no expanded reproduction of the population. In children, and especially in working age, the mortality rate is higher in men than in women. In men, the mortality rate reaches 41% of the total mortality at the working age. The number of women who died in working age is 4 times less than men. The natural increase in the population of the Moscow region for 15 years of the XXI century has a small but negative value, since the population is decreasing, and the increase in the population is mainly due to high migration.

scholarly journals Statistical Estimation of the Awareness of the Working Age Population about Harmful Consumption of Alcohol as a Risk Factor of Cardiovascular Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
N. О. Ryngach
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
Harmful Effects

The article is devoted to the analysis of awareness of the working age population about alcohol abuse as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases according to the results of a sociological study. The goal is to identify and characterize the awareness of residents of the Dnipropetrovsk region about the harmful alcohol consumption, personal attitudes and practices of drinking, the possibility of minimizing its harmful effects for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, as well as the activity to correct this risk factor. The method of personalized formal interviews is used. The survey of a representative sample of the population of working age (N2000) was carried out according to a specially developed methodology of qualitative and quantitative research stages and data collection tools. The study was conducted in 2017 on request of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional State Administration with the financial support of the World Bank. The gap between the almost complete awareness of the respondents (95.1%) and the harmful effects of alcohol abuse on existing cardiovascular disease or its possible future occurrence and actual practice of use was revealed. The majority of respondents reported that they drank alcohol (57.6%) now or had consumed it before (15%). It was shown that men prevailed in the group of those who consumed alcohol almost daily or several times a week (33.3% of those who consumed alcohol, versus 9.5% among women). The most common portion of alcohol among respondents (51.1%), consumed in one take, did not exceed three standard drinks.  The main reasons that prompted alcohol consumption were unwillingness to “fall out” from the team (more than 75% of respondents); national traditions (40%); way to relieve stress (25%). The expediency of studying changes in the situation regarding the prevalence of harmful use of alcohol, habitual practices of its use, activity to minimize harmful effects from the review of prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in particular and adherence to a healthy lifestyle as a whole, after a certain time interval according to a similar methodology has been proved. The results of the survey can be used to assess the effectiveness of measures to improve the health literacy of the population, increase the motivation to change behavior in favor of health, building composite indicators.

scholarly journals O7D.4 Health inequalities among working population of latin america and the caribbean

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A67.2-A67
Author(s):  
Michael Silva-Peñaherrera ◽  
María Lopez-Ruiz ◽  
Pamela Merino-Salazar ◽  
Antonio Goméz-García ◽  
Fernando Benavides
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Working Age Population

BackgroundWorking and employment conditions are weighty health determinants. Low-income countries are frequently exposed to occupational risks, employment agreements are poorly regulated and a high proportion of the working population are in the informal sector. Studies in Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) have been hampered by the lack of reliable data available.ObjectiveTo describe and compare the health inequality gap among workers of 20 countries of LAC.MethodsData have been taken from the last available Working Conditions Survey, National Health Surveys and from official records and national statistical institutes of each country. Three indicators were calculated to estimate health status of the working population (poor-self-perceived health, fatal and non-fatal injuries at work and general mortality within the working-age population), stratified by sex, age, level of study and occupation. Disparity was measured using Keppel index of disparity (ID) and Kuznets relative. Absolute and relative differences were calculated using the best health status country as reference category.ResultsMortality among the working-age population was higher in men and varied from 87.4 deaths per 1000 inhabitants in Chile to over 182.2 in Bolivia. Keppel ID between countries was 0.5, indicating medium-high disparity. The prevalence of poor self-perceived health was higher in women and revealed a gradient by age, education level and occupation, in which young people in qualified non-manual occupations and high levels of study had lower prevalence. The ID was 0.7 between countries demonstrating high disparity and the range varied from 12.2 in Uruguay to 50.9 in Nicaragua.ConclusionsThis study reveals the existence of wide gaps in health among workers in LAC, both within and between countries. The limitations of cross-country comparative data should considered. However, this analysis increases our understanding of the causes of inequalities and provides evidence to establish better public policies.

scholarly journals SOCIAL POLICY OF JAPAN IN THE LABOR MARKET FOR OLDER AND DISABLED PEOPLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.T. Balakaeva ◽  
◽  
К. Shyntasova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Government ◽  
Voluntary Basis

This article examines the state policy of Japan in the labor market for older and disabled people in the changing demographic situation associated with a decrease in the birth rate, an aging population and a reduction in the country's working-age population. Against the background of increasing social spending, the government is trying to solve the problem of labor shortages by increasing the employment of older people, of course on a voluntary basis. The government's measures are shown to increase the retirement age and to reduce the distance between the retirement age and the maximum permissible age of employment of employees (teinen). The data on changes in the structure of workers' employment after reaching teinen are presented. The policy of attracting disabled people to the labor market in order to improve their social status, improve living conditions and positively influence the economic situation is revealed. Both achievements and shortcomings in solving this issue are noted.

Responding well to the challenge of an ageing and shrinking workforce. European Union policies in support of Member State efforts to Retain, Reinforce & Re-integrate Older Workers in employment

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz von Nordheim
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Eu Policies ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
State Of Affairs

In response to the ageing and shrinking of the working-age population, the European Union has agreed ambitious goals for raising the employment rate and the exit age of older workers. This article traces the development of EU policy approaches and presents EU-15 figures on the state of affairs. Progress so far has been modest, but EU policies are expected to facilitate the emergence of better regimes of age management within Member States. In turn, this will help Europe move towards its employment targets for the working population aged 55 to 64 years.

scholarly journals The Dilemma Economic Growth And Poverty Rate In Sulawesi

Media Trend ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Kalzum R Jumiyanti ◽  
Moh. Jamal Moodoeto ◽  
Deby Rita Karundeng
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Government

Economic growth is often cited as a significantly contributive factor reduction of the poverty rate. This study aims to investigate the economic growth and poverty among all areas within Sulawesi Island and to compare these two aspects among the island’s provinces. This study employs both comparative quantitative analysis to explore economic growth formulatively and qualitative manner for in depth analysis. The result reveals an escalation in both gross regional domestic product (henceforth regional GDP) and total population each year for the last ten years. However this situation is unable to boost the macro-economic growth; a reason for this condition is the population growth in the recent ten years possibly dominated by High birth rates. Yet, this condition does not lead to a drop in the demand for workforces, which implies that the number of the working-age population (which can help improve the regional per capita income) remains constant despite the population growth. Another possible factor of regional GDP escalation is the fact that the government policy, in its foreign cooperation implementation, does not contribute to the local workforces. Nevertheless, the rise in regional GDP is insignificant as it does not affect the local economic conditions. Hence, it proves that the fluctuation of economic growth does not affect the poverty rate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document