scholarly journals SOCIAL POLICY OF JAPAN IN THE LABOR MARKET FOR OLDER AND DISABLED PEOPLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.T. Balakaeva ◽  
◽  
К. Shyntasova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Government ◽  
Voluntary Basis

This article examines the state policy of Japan in the labor market for older and disabled people in the changing demographic situation associated with a decrease in the birth rate, an aging population and a reduction in the country's working-age population. Against the background of increasing social spending, the government is trying to solve the problem of labor shortages by increasing the employment of older people, of course on a voluntary basis. The government's measures are shown to increase the retirement age and to reduce the distance between the retirement age and the maximum permissible age of employment of employees (teinen). The data on changes in the structure of workers' employment after reaching teinen are presented. The policy of attracting disabled people to the labor market in order to improve their social status, improve living conditions and positively influence the economic situation is revealed. Both achievements and shortcomings in solving this issue are noted.

scholarly journals THE DEMOGRAPHIC AND LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS OF RURAL MUNICIPALITIES IN THE KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIE VOIVODESHIP

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Mateusz Jankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Panel Data Models ◽  
Labor Market Conditions ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
The Development Strategy ◽  
Spatial Dependencies ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

The purpose of this paper was to assess the impactof demographic conditions on the labor market situationin the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship, consideringthe spatial dependencies prevailing in the municipality systemin 2004–2015. The problem of reducing inequalities inthe voivodeship’s labor market was also addressed. Accordingto the Development Strategy of the Kujawsko-Pomorskievoivodeship until 2020, the main objective is to improve thecompetitiveness of the voivodeship’s economy which wouldresult in increased employment, especially in the region’srural areas. This aspect of development may be affected bydemographic processes (e.g. changes in the share of the working-age population in the total population). The labor marketand the demographic situation in the region under considerationwere assessed based on the spatial taxonomic measure ofdevelopment. Panel data models were evaluated to verify therelationships between the examined aspects of regional development.Supporting the analysis was a labor market convergencemodel developed to verify the hypothesis of inequalitiesreduction in the labor market.

scholarly journals Factores Incidentes en la Participación de la Mujer en el Mercado Laboral Hondureño, 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Kenia Maryorie Meza-Hernández ◽  
José Bayardo Cabrera-Rosales ◽  
Mario Josué Ramos-Canales
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Government ◽  
Employment Of Women ◽  
Para Determinar

ResumenEn el presente artículo se aborda el tema de la participación laboral de la mujer en Honduras, donde para el año 2013 la mujer representó un 52.8% de la Población en Edad de Trabajar (PET) y un 36.5% de la Población Económicamente Activa (PEA). En el artículo se indica la importancia de la inserción femenina en el mercado laboral, debido a ello se realiza un análisis de los factores que inciden en su participación. El objetivo principal del estudio es determinar la incidencia de variables relevantes para la inserción de la mujer dentro de la Población Económicamente Activa (PEA). Además se realiza un análisis descriptivo de la situación de la mujer en el mercado laboral hondureño. La investigación es de corte cuantitativo y por ende se realiza un modelo de regresión lineal para determinar la probabilidad de inserción de la mujer en el mercado laboral. El modelo determinó que entre los factores que impactan en forma negativa: es el estado conyugal, si la fémina es pobre y si recibe remesas familiares; mientras que, la edad, el nivel educativo alcanzado, la rama de activa en que se desempeña y si es jefe de hogar guardan una relación positiva en la probabilidad que se inserte en las filas de la población activa, no obstante, la zona o dominio donde reside y si recibe transferencias del gobiernos mostraron ser poco significativas dentro del estudio.Palabras claves: Inserción laboral de la mujer, población en edad de trabajar, población económicamente activa. AbstractThis article presents the topic of the labor participation of women in Honduras; in 2013, women represented 52.8% of the working-age population and 36.5% of the economically active population (EAP). The article indicates the importance of female insertion in the labor market, that’s why an analysis of the factors that affect their participation is carried out. The main objective of the study is to determine the incidence of relevant variables in the insertion of women within the Economically Active Population (EAP). In addition, a descriptive analysis of the situation of women in the Honduran labor market is carried out. The research is a quantitative one; a linear regression model is performed to determine the probability of insertion of women in the labor market.The model determined that among the negatively impacting factors are marital status, if the female is poor and if she receives family remittances; While, the age, the educational level, the branch of activity in which she performs and if she is a head of household keep a positive relation in the possible insertion in the lines of the active population, nevertheless, the zone or domain where she resides and if she receives transfers of the government showed little significance in the study.Key words: Employment of women, economically active population, working age population ResumoNeste artigo, é abordada a questão da participação do trabalho das mulheresemHonduras, ondeem 2013 as mulheresrepresentavam o 52,8% da populaçãoemidade activa e um36,5% da populaçãoeconomicamenteativa.No artigo destaca-se a importância das mulheres que entram no mercado de trabalho,desenvolvendoseumaanálisedoisfatores que afetamnasuaparticipação. O objetivo principal do estudo é determinar a incidência de variáveis relevantes parainserção da mulhernapopulaçãoeconomicamente activa .Também e apresentadaumaanálisedescritiva da situação das mulheres no mercado de trabalhona Honduras.A pesquisa tevecaráterquantitativa eportantoé feitoum modelo de regressão linear para determinar a probabilidade de inclusão da mulher no mercado detrabalho. O modelo revelou que entre os fatores que impactam negativamenteencontram-se: estado civil, se a fêmea é pobre e se receberemessas familiares; enquanto que,a idade, o nível de instrução, o ramo de atividade que executa, se forchefe de familia é positivamente relacionada com a probabilidade de que seja inserida nas filas dapopulação activa, no entanto, a zona oudomínioonde reside e recebe transferencias do governomostraram ser insignificantes no estudo. Palavras chave: inserção laboral da mulher, populaçãoemidade activa, população economicamente activa.   

Pension Reform in Russia: Assessing the Susceptibility of GDP Production to a Shift in the Number of the Working-Age Population

2019 ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
T. P. Skufina ◽  
S. V. Baranov
Keyword(s):  
Pension Reform ◽  
Fixed Capital ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
Long Term Forecasting ◽  
The Impact

The presented study considers the susceptibility of gross domestic product (GDP) production to a shift in the number of the working-age population due to an increase in retirement age starting with 2019.Aim. The study aims to examine the quantitative assessments of GDP production in Russia with allowance for the changes in the number of the working-age population due to an increase in the actual retirement age.Tasks. The authors forecast the number of the working-age population with allowance for an increase in the retirement age; develop a model to establish a correlation between the number of the workingage population, investment in fixed capital, and GDP production; quantify the impact of the shift in the number of the working-age population on GDP production in Russia. Methods. This study is based on the results of modeling and long-term forecasting.Results. An economic-mathematical model to establish a correlation between the number of the working-age population, investment in fixed capital, and GDP production is presented. To specify the economic effects of a shift in the number of the working-age population due to an increase in the retirement age, Russia’s GDP production is forecasted for the “old” and “new” (increased retirement age) pension scheme. The forecast is provided for three variants of the number of the working-age population.Conclusions. It is found that with the “old” pension scheme with a lower retirement age GDP production across all three variants will decrease by 2036 compared to 2017. With regard to the “new” scheme that increases the retirement age, it is concluded that an increase in the retirement age is a factor that facilitates GDP production. However, its effect on economic growth will be insignificant.

Missed Call: The Smartphone and Job Creation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Job Creation ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Formal Employment ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Government ◽  
Nations Development ◽  
Local Term ◽  
New Jobs

In the summer of 2015, the government of Uttar Pradesh began putting out advertisements looking for “peons”—the local term for low-ranking office helpers. UP, as the state is known, is home to more than 200 million Indians, packed into an area about the size of Texas (which has one-seventh as many inhabitants). Fittingly, UP needed a small army of new peons: in all, 368 jobs were posted. A very strange thing happened next. Applications poured in. After a painstaking survey that took weeks, 2.3 million résumés were counted. There were 6,250 candidates for each available position. Some of the applicants had doctorates. While peon jobs are stable—even respectable—they are by no means glamorous. Peons are usually the first people one sees at Indian government offices, dressed in shabby, faded khaki uniforms; their work involves tracking down dusty files, fetching tea, and ushering in guests. Salaries range from just $150 to $250 a month. The question is why these low-skill, low-paying jobs were in such high demand. There are several possible explanations. First, $250 a month may sound like a pittance, but it is not insignificant: it amounts to nearly double the median national salary. Second, peons are influential gatekeepers in Indian bureaucracy. If you need to see a local officer, a small bribe can go a long way. But workplace corruption is hardly something young, idealistic Indians aspire to (let alone the ones with doctorates). Something deeper was going on. A third possibility is that India simply isn’t creating enough jobs. A 2016 report by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) revealed that India’s working-age population expanded by 300 million between 1991 and 2013. But during those same twenty-two years, the UNDP says, the economy created just 140 million new jobs. Put another way, 160 million working-age Indians were without formal employment. Job creation is the number one headache for India’s policymakers. By some estimates, India needs to create a million new jobs every month simply to keep pace with the gush of new entrants to the workforce. There is little evidence that India has a plan to meet this demand.

scholarly journals Socio-hygienic factors affecting the health of working-age population of Moscow region (on example of city of Domodedovo)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-396
Author(s):  
I.V. Lebedeva ◽  
◽  
Y.A. Olenin ◽  
V.S. Gziryan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Government

BACKGROUND: Human resources are the most important wealth of the country, which directly determines the welfare of the country, and the main production force is the working population. In addition, the working-age population mostly consists of men and women of fertile age, i.e. capable of reproduction of the population. Therefore, the study of the state of health and socio-hygienic factors that influence it in the working population is the most important task of the government. AIM: To identify and study social and hygienic factors that influence the health of the working-age urban population of the Moscow region at the beginning of XXI century. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have developed a questionnaire containing more than 100 questions with multiple answers, covering social, hygienic and medical issues. A sociological study was conducted among men and women of the working age who turned to the city polyclinic of Domodedovo for medical care. The analysis of sociological data was carried out with the multivariate mathematical statistics methods used in the study of statistically related signs in order to identify a certain number of factors hidden from direct observation — factor analysis using Cattell test. RESULTS: Five socio-hygienic factors were identified (“social factor”, “health status factor”, “demographic factor”, “health care satisfaction factor”, “health care availability factor”), arranged by the load size and significance. They play a role in formation of health of the working-age urban population of the Moscow region and are closely related to each other. CONCLUSION: The obtained socio-hygienic factors have a considerable influence on health and permit to assess the risks affecting the health of the working-age urban population of the Moscow region and to precisely act on them by both municipal and regional administrative authorities, which in the future may also influence the demographic parameters. Social and hygienic factors are more correlated with the concept of “quality of life”, and this is actually a complex characteristic of the conditions of the life activity of the population, which is expressed in objective parameters and subjective assessments of the satisfaction of financial, social and cultural needs, taking into account the system of values and social standards.

The Composition of Labor Supply and Its Evolution from 2010 to 2016 in Jordan

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-42
Author(s):  
Ragui Assaad ◽  
Caroline Krafft ◽  
Caitlyn Keo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Panel Surveys ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

This chapter investigates the changing character of labor supply in Jordan from 2010 to 2016. We examine recent demographic developments as well as the rapid increases in educational attainment among Jordanians. A particular focus of the chapter is on the demographic changes, such as the large increase in the working age population, generated by the recent refugee influx. Labor force participation, as well as its components of unemployment and employment, are examined using a variety of definitions. We examine differential patterns of participation by age, sex, education, and place of residence. Data from the Jordan Labor Market Panel Surveys of 2010 and 2016 are supplemented with annual data from the Jordanian Employment and Unemployment Survey (EUS) for the intervening years.

ANALYSIS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF THE POPULATION OF THE VORONEZH REGION FOR 2014-2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 190-198
Author(s):  
Алёна Геннадьевна Деряева ◽  
Владимир Петрович Косолапов ◽  
Галина Владимировна Сыч ◽  
Ольга Геннадьевна Деряева
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
National Project ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

Существует взаимосвязь между здоровьем населения страны и экономическим, политическим ростом, демографической ситуацией в стране, что признается и медицинской и экономической науками. На сегодня, улучшение демографической ситуации в Российской Федерации является одной из приоритетных задач государства. С каждым годом рождаемость снижается, женщин фертильного возраста становится меньше, число заболеваний репродуктивной системы растет, происходят изменения в нравственных и семейно-брачных отношениях. Все это оказывает негативное влияние на демографическую ситуацию в целом. Для решения этой проблемы правительство Российской Федерации реализует национальные проекты «Здравоохранение» и «Демография», направленные на устранение демографических проблем. По словам заместителя Председателя Правительства Российской Федерации, куратора национального проекта «Демография» Татьяны Голиковой, «Демография» - важнейший национальный проект. Весь комплекс его мероприятий направлен на достижение главной государственной задачи - «Сохранение населения, здоровье и благополучие людей». Данное направление позволит обеспечить эффективное социально-демографическое развитие, и положительно повлияет на социально-экономическую ситуацию в стране. Результаты исследования, представленные в статье, позволяют определить мероприятия по улучшению демографической ситуации в стране, оценить уровень рождаемости, смертности, естественного прироста, младенческую смертность There is a relationship between the health of the country's population and the economic, political growth, demographic situation in the country, which is recognized by the medical and economic sciences. Today, improving the demographic situation in the Russian Federation is one of the priority tasks of the state. Every year the birth rate is decreasing, women of fertile age are decreasing, the number of diseases of the reproductive system is growing, and there are changes in moral and family-marriage relations. All this has a negative impact on the demographic situation as a whole. To solve this problem, the Government of the Russian Federation is implementing the national projects "Healthcare" and "Demography", aimed at eliminating demographic problems. According to the Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation, the curator of the national project "Demography" Tatyana Golikova, "Demography" is the most important national project. The whole range of its activities is aimed at achieving the main state task - "Preservation of the population, health and well-being of people". This direction will ensure effective socio-demographic development, and will have a positive impact on the socio-economic situation in the country. The results of the study presented in the article allow us to determine measures to improve the demographic situation in the country, to assess the level of birth rate, mortality, natural growth, infant mortality

AGE CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIMARY DISABILITY OF ADULT POPULATION DUE TO DISEASES OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS IN THE BELGOROD REGION DURING 2010-2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 989-995
Author(s):  
В. Н. Дмитриев ◽  
М. А. Урусова ◽  
Н. А. Андреева ◽  
Т. В. Дмитриева
Keyword(s):  
Social Service ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Primary Disability ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
Pension Age

Проведен сравнительный анализ показателей первичной инвалидности вследствие болезней органов пищеварения у населения старше трудоспособного и трудоспособного возраста в Белгородской обл. в сравнительном аспекте с общероссийскими показателями за 8 лет. Определены ранговые места болезней органов пищеварения в структуре первичной инвалидности. Выявленные основные особенности и тенденции инвалидности представлены применительно к дальнейшей оптимизации оказания медико-социальной помощи и поддержки данного контингента инвалидов. The analysis of indicators of primary disability due to diseases of digestive organs among pension age and working-age population of the Belgorod region is carried out in comparative aspect with the national indicators during 8 years. Rank places of diseases of digestive organs in structure of primary disability were defined. The revealed main features and trends of disability, were investigated to further optimization of medico-social service and improved support to this contingent of disabled people.

CERTAIN TRENDS IN DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN THE XXI CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Senchenko ◽  
◽  
V.F. Kapitonov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
The State ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Krasnoyarsk Region ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

Implementation of the "Concept of demographic policy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025" and Priority national projects in health and demography helped to reduce mortality and increase birth rate. However, these processes in rural areas had their own characteristics due to the long-term systemic crisis. Purpose: to assess the state and trends in demographic development of the rural district of the Krasnoyarsk region. Material and methods. The paper uses data of the State statistics for the period 2010-2018. The main demographic indicators of the Nizhneingashsky district of the Krasnoyarsk region were studied: population size, population structure by age and gender, birth and death rates. Results. The district population has a long-term sustainable tendency towards decreasing (15.9% during the study period). It is mainly due to the migration outflow of the working – age population, the size of which decreased by 24.6 %. The district mortality rate is high (16.7‰), however, during the study period it has dropped by 30.3 %. There is an ongoing tendency towards reduction in the share of people of working ages (up to 55.9%) in the population structure, primarily due to moving to other territories, and increase in the share of the elderly and senile (up to 23.9%), which makes it possible to classify this area as the one with a very high level of demographic old age population. Analysis of indicators of the special birth rate F allows us to characterize it as low (˂ 64‰). The growth rate of this indicator added up to 20.9 % in 2013 compared to 2010, while it decreased by 45.9% from 2013 to 2018. From 2010 to 2017, the total birth rate in the Nizhneingashsky district decreased by -1.02‰ (∆b), or 7.5 %. Conclusion. The ongoing decline in the share of fertile females is the main demographic factor that has spurred the decline in the birth rate since 2013. Opening new jobs in the district will stimulate the influx of people from other territories as well as reduce the migration outflow of the working-age population, rather increasing the population then just preserving its size. Increase in the share of the working-age population of reproductive age will contribute to the increased birth rate, because it is traditionally higher in rural areas. Improving demographic situation in the district requires development of socio-economic measures aimed at stimulating the birth of the third and subsequent children.

scholarly journals Unemployment Invariance

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marika Karanassou ◽  
Dennis J. Snower
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Capital Stock ◽  
Growth Path ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Invariance Hypothesis ◽  
Working Age Population

Abstract This paper provides a critique of the ‘unemployment invariance hypothesis’, according to which the behavior of the labor market, by itself, ensures that the long-run unemployment rate is independent of the size of the capital stock, productivity and the labor force. In the context of an endogenous growth model, we show that the labor market alone need not contain all the equilibrating mechanisms to ensure unemployment invariance; in particular, other markets may perform part of the equilibrating process as well. By implication, policies that raise the growth path of capital or increase the effective working-age population may influence the long-run unemployment rate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document