scholarly journals Analysis of dynamics of intensity of community immunity to diphtheria in different age groups of vaccinated population of the ryazan region in 2015-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Elena P. Kotelevets ◽  
Olga A. Maksimova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Examination ◽  
Indicator Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics ◽  
High Level

Aim. To study the level of anti-diphtheria antitoxic antibodies in blood serum of vaccinated individuals over the period of 2015-2017. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on the base of the Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Ryazan region. The evaluation of antitoxic immunity against diphtheria was performed on the basis of the results of annual serological examination of at least 100 samples of blood sera for the content of diphtheria antitoxin in each age indicator group. In the study reaction of passive hem agglutination was used with standardized erythrocyte diphtheria antigen. Blood serum samples of individuals of indicator groups of the population with a documented history of vaccination were investigated. On the basis of the results of serological monitoring, the analysis of the state of anti-diphtheria antitoxic immunity in children (3-4 years, n=300), teenagers (16-17 years, n=302) and adults (30-39 years, n=323; 40-49 years, n=305) of the Ryazan region in 2015-2017 was carried out. Results. The level of protection among children, teenagers and adults in the studied period was 97.0 and 95.6%. The intensity of anti-diphtheria immunity was also high: 93.3-95.6% of the examined persons had medium and high antibody titers. Protective level of anti-diphtheria antibodies in 2015 was revealed in 97.3%, in 2016 in 93.3% and in 2017 in 98.3% of the examined samples. Conclusion. Analysis of the results of serological monitoring showed a positive dynamics of growth of the number of seropositive individuals with intense anti-diphtheria immunity. The data of serological monitoring correspond to the official statistical data of Directorate of Rospotrebnadzor in the Ryazan region on the high level of coverage of the population with vaccination. According to previously published epidemiological studies, in such conditions the incidence of diphtheria in the population is sporadic.

The Effect of Influenza Vaccination History on Changes in Hemagglutination Inhibition Titers After Receipt of the 2015–2016 Influenza Vaccine in Older Adults in Hong Kong

2019 ◽  
Vol 221 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany W Y Ng ◽  
Ranawaka A P M Perera ◽  
Vicky J Fang ◽  
Emily M Yau ◽  
J S Malik Peiris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Antibody Titers

Abstract Background Immune responses to influenza vaccination can be weaker in older adults than in other age groups. We hypothesized that antibody responses would be particularly weak among repeat vaccinees when the current and prior season vaccine components are the same. Methods An observational study was conducted among 827 older adults (aged ≥75 years) in Hong Kong. Serum samples were collected immediately before and 1 month after receipt of the 2015–2016 quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine. We measured antibody titers with the hemagglutination inhibition assay and compared the mean fold rise from prevaccination to postvaccination titers and the proportions with postvaccination titers ≥40 or ≥160. Results Participants who reported receipt of vaccination during either of the previous 2 years had a lower mean fold rise against all strains than with those who did not. Mean fold rises for A(H3N2) and B/Yamagata were particularly weak after repeated vaccination with the same vaccine strain, but we did not generally find significant differences in the proportions of participants with postvaccination titers ≥40 and ≥160. Conclusions Overall, we found that reduced antibody responses in repeat vaccinees were particularly reduced among older adults who had received vaccination against the same strains in preceding years.

scholarly journals Normal Ranges of Streptococcal Antibody Titers Are Similar Whether Streptococci Are Endemic to the Setting or Not

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Steer ◽  
Suzanna Vidmar ◽  
Roselyn Ritika ◽  
Joseph Kado ◽  
Michael Batzloff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcal Pharyngitis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Nonparametric Approach ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Fitting Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Group A ◽  
Curve Fitting Method

ABSTRACT Group A streptococcal (GAS) serology is used for the diagnosis of post-streptococcal diseases, such as acute rheumatic fever, and occasionally for the diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis. Experts recommend that the upper limits of normal for streptococcal serology be determined for individual populations because of differences in the epidemiology of GAS between populations. Therefore, we performed a study to determine the values of the upper limit of normal for anti-streptolysin O (ASO) and anti-DNase B (ADB) titers in Fiji. Participants with a history of GAS disease, including pharyngitis or impetigo, were excluded. A total of 424 serum samples from people of all ages (with a sample enriched for school-aged children) were tested for their ASO and ADB titers. Reference values, including titers that were 80% of the upper limit of normal, were obtained by regression analysis by use of a curve-fitting method instead of the traditional nonparametric approach. Normal values for both the ASO titer and the ADB titer rose sharply during early childhood and then declined gradually with age. The estimated titers that were 80% of the upper limit or normal at age 10 years were 276 IU/ml for ASO and 499 IU/ml for ADB. Data from our study are similar to those found in countries with temperate climates, suggesting that a uniform upper limit of normal for streptococcal serology may be able to be applied globally.

scholarly journals Investigating the Use of Protein Saver Cards for Storage and Subsequent Detection of Bovine Anti-Brucella abortus Smooth Lipopolysaccharide Antibodies and Gamma Interferon

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1669-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Duncombe ◽  
Nicola J. Commander ◽  
Sevil Erdenlig ◽  
John A. McGiven ◽  
Judy Stack
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Bovine Blood ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACTBrucella abortus, a smooth strain of the genusBrucella, is the causative agent of bovine brucellosis. To support the ongoing development of diagnostic tests for bovine brucellosis, the use of Protein Saver cards (Whatman) for bovine blood serum and plasma sample collection has been evaluated. These cards offer significant logistical and safety alternatives to transporting and storing liquid samples and may aid in diagnostic programs and validation studies. To evaluate the utility of these cards, 204 bovine blood serum samples fromBrucella-infected and noninfected animals were stored on and eluted from the Protein Saver cards. Anti-Brucellasmooth lipopolysaccharide (sLPS) antibody titers for the serum eluates were compared to those of the unprocessed original serum samples by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed a highly significant correlation between titers from the serum eluates and the unprocessed sera. Therefore, under these circumstances, serum eluates and unprocessed serum samples may be used interchangeably. Blood plasma from 113 mitogen-stimulated whole-blood samples was added to and eluted from the Protein Saver cards. The gamma interferon (IFN-γ) titers in the plasma eluates were compared to those of the unprocessed plasma samples obtained by IFN-γ ELISA. The results showed a significant correlation between the plasma eluates and the unprocessed plasma samples. To derive a signal in the plasma eluate, it was necessary to develop a novel and highly sensitive ELISA for the detection of IFN-γ. The serum samples stored on cards at room temperature over a 10-day period showed little variation in antibody titers. However, the plasma eluates showed a progressive loss of IFN-γ recovery over 10 days when stored at room temperature.

scholarly journals Humoral immune response against Newcastle disease virus and its pathological changes in vaccinated chickens in selected areas of Barisal district in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167
Author(s):  
Nasrin Akter Sumona ◽  
Khondoker Jahengir Alam ◽  
Md Yeasin Arafat ◽  
Imam Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Protective Level ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Layer Chickens

The objectives of this study were to evaluate humoral immunity against Newcastle disease (ND) virus in vaccinated chickens in terms of serum HI antibody titers in broiler and layer chickens and to determine pathological changes in vaccinated chickens. A total of 240 serum samples were collected from broiler (135) and layer (105) chickens from Barishal Sadar, Babugonj and Gournadi Upazilas of Barishal district in Bangladesh after two weeks of scheduled vaccination programme. The overall detection of Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies against Newcastle disease virus was 62.2% in broiler and 83.8% in layer chickens. The percentages of specific HI antibody titer in broiler chickens were 57.5, 70 and 48 in 1-2 weeks, 3-4 weeks, and 4-above weeks age groups respectively where in layer chickens were 85, 80, 90, 80 and 80 in 15-24 weeks, 25-34 weeks, 35-44 weeks, 45-54 weeks and > 55 weeks of age groups respectively. For both broiler and layer chicken’s protective antibody titers were found higher in adult than in young chickens. Out of 240 samples HI titers of 172 (71.67%) samples were found at protective level, 42 (17.5%) samples were at marginal level and 26 (10.83%) samples were below protective level. Among 26 samples of non-protective level, 21 were broiler and 5 were layer chicken. Out of 26 samples, 10 (38.46%) were found apparently infected with NDV where 8 (38.09%) were broiler and 2 (40%) were layer. The apparently infected birds were diagnosed on the basis of postmortem findings and histopathological lesions. Results of the present investigation may help to design appropriate vaccination schedule for ND in broiler and layer chickens and thus to protect chickens from ND in field condition. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 155-167

scholarly journals Antimeasles antibodies in children submitted to different vaccination schedules

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange Artimos de Oliveira ◽  
Akira Homma ◽  
Léa Camillo-Coura ◽  
Maria Lucília P. Loureiro ◽  
Maria Teresa G. N. de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Past ◽  
Measles Antibodies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

ln order to study the measles antibody behavior of three vaccination schedules, 684 children were divided into 4 Groups: Group A (341 vaccinated children under the age of one); Group B (101 children at the age of one); Group C (74 children under the age of one and one at the age of one); Group D (163 unvaccinated children with a history of measles in the past - Group control). Children of Group A presented lower rates and 25.9% of the age group under two did not show any measles antibodies. In Group B, all the children presented antibodies. In Group C onby 4.0% did not. In all age groups, the geometric mean HI antibody titers of Group A were lower than the valuesfound in the other groups. The age at vaccination was the factor of greater influence on the results of this study.

scholarly journals Persistence of Antibodies Against Spike Glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare Workers Post Double Dose of BBV-152 and AZD1222 Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Ram Choudhary ◽  
Debaprasad Parai ◽  
Girish Chandra Dash ◽  
Jaya Singh Kshatri ◽  
Narayan Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay ◽  
Research Facilities

Purpose: We investigated the persistence of the vaccine-induced immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Odisha who received a complete dose of either Covaxin or Covishield vaccine.Methods: This 24-week longitudinal cohort study was conducted from January to July 2021 with participants from 6 healthcare and research facilities of Odisha to understand the dynamicity of the vaccine-induced IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after the complete dose of vaccines.Results: Serum samples were collected from 614 participants during each follow-up and were tested in two chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CLIA)-based platforms to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies both qualitatively and quantitatively. Among these participants, 308 (50.2%) participants were Covishield recipients and the rest 306 (49.8%) participants took Covaxin. A total of 81 breakthrough cases were recorded and the rest 533 HCWs without any history of postvaccination infection showed significant antibody waning either from T3 (Covaxin recipient) or T4 (Covishield recipient). The production of vaccine-induced IgG antibodies is significantly higher (p < 0.001) in Covishield compared with Covaxin. Covishield recipients produced higher median anti-S IgG titer than Covaxin. No statistically significant differences in antibody titers were observed based on age, gender, comorbidities, and blood groups.Conclusion: This 6-month follow-up study documents a 2-fold and 4-fold decrease in spike antibody titer among Covishield and Covaxin recipients, respectively. The clinical implications of antibody waning after vaccination are not well understood. It also highlights the need for further data to understand the long-term persistence of vaccine-induced antibody and threshold antibody titer required for protection against reinfection.

scholarly journals Seroprevalensi Penyakit Egg Drop Syndrome pada Itik di Desa Tumbak Bayuh, Kecamatan Mengwi, Badung, Bali

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Gusti Ayu Yuniati Kencana ◽  
I Made Kardena ◽  
Ni Wayan Apsari Shantika Pratistha
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Protective Antibody ◽  
Serological Examination ◽  
Positive Serum ◽  
Antibody Titers

Egg Drop Syndrome can cause detrimental impacts on breeders due to reducing production and quality of theaffected eggs.This study aim was to determine the seroprevalece ofantibody against Egg Drop Syndrome (EDS) virus in ducks. Antibody titers examination was done from 75blood samplesof ducks thathave not been vaccinatedagainstEDS virus. The duck samples were collected from Tumbak Bayuh Village, Mengwi, Badung. Serological examination was held at the Virology Laboratory,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University by usingHaemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test. HI test results showed that 24 samples were positive contained antibody of the EDS,while 51 samples were negative. Range of EDS antibody titer observed was from24 to 27 HI units.  This results indicates that the ducks have protective antibody titer against EDS virus. The positive serum samples were also tested using HI test against Newcastle Disease (ND) virus with negative result. It can be concluded that the ducks in Tumbak Bayuh Village, Mengwi, Badung have 32% of antibody titer against EDS virus whichmight result from being exposed by EDS virus naturally.

scholarly journals High level of serovar copenhageni detection in dog sera from Patrocínio, MG, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayana Larissa Lemos ◽  
Guilherme Nascimento Cunha ◽  
Jacqueline Ribeiro De Castro ◽  
Mariana Assunção De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Level ◽  
Purebred Dogs ◽  
Flooded Areas

T This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of canine leptospirosis and the possible risk factors associated with the disease in the municipality of Patrocínio, MG, Brazil. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out from July through August 2017.  The municipality was divided into four regions (north, south, east and west) and a predefined number of neighborhoods (25) were randomly sampled in each region. Samples of blood serum were collected from 241 domiciled male and female dogs of different breeds and ages. To investigate the risk factors for canine leptospirosis, the owners of the animals were asked to fill out an epidemiological questionnaire. The following factors were evaluated: breed, sex, age, presence of rodents, type of diet, access to the street, vaccination, presence of flooded areas, and educational level of the owners. Blood serum samples were evaluated by the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), using a collection of 24 live antigens. Of the 241 dogs evaluated, 32 (13.2%) were reactive. The most frequent serovars were: Copenhageni (37.5%) and Canicola (21.8%), followed by Icterohaemorrhagiae and Grippotyphosa (12.5%), Pomona, Tarassovi and Butembo (9.3%) and Hardjo (6.2%). The presence of canine leptospirosis was associated with purebred dogs (OR=0.3059 [95% CI: 0.1430 – 0.6547]) and vaccination (OR=2.581 [95% CI: 1.198 – 5.563]). It was concluded that some dogs in the municipality of Patrocínio, MG have anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies and that the serovars most frequently identified were Copenhageni (37.5%) and Canicola (21.8%). Pure breeds and vaccination were factors associated with the prevalence of infection.  

Seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in organized dairy farms of India

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Patil ◽  
A. Prajapati ◽  
P. Krishnamoorthy ◽  
G. S. Desai ◽  
G. B.M. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical History ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cattle Serum

In this study, a systematic sero-surveillance of IBR was undertaken from 11 dairy farms located in 4 different regions of India. A total of 1000 cattle serum samples were tested for the presence of antibodies against IBR using Avidin Biotin ELISA. The results revealed that IBR antibodies were widely prevalent in all regions of the country ranging from 36.5% in Central region to 84.5% in Northern region with an overall prevalence of 61.6%. The prevalence of IBR antibodies was different between various age groups being 22.3%, 62.1%, 59.3%, 76.1% and 66.78 % in the age groups less than 1 year, 1-2 years, 2-3 years, 3-4 years and more than 4 years old respectively. Based upon the medical history of the herd, it was found that 83% abortion cases, 76% metritis cases, 83% repeat breeding cases and 65% retention of placenta cases were seropositive for IBR.

scholarly journals Serological and molecular findings in diagnosis of leptospirosis serovar hardjo in a dairy bovine herd

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Yumi Hashimoto ◽  
Roberta Torres Chideroli ◽  
Juliane Ribeiro ◽  
Amauri Alcindo Alfieri ◽  
Geraldo Marcio da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Serological Examination ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Placental Remnants

The cattle are considered hosts of the Hardjo serovar, causing economic damages due to the reproductive failures like abortions and infertility. The serovar Hardjo usually remains in the reproductive tract and also in the renal tubules where it is eliminated intermittently in the urine for months. Placental remnants, the aborted fetus and contaminated urine promote the permanence of this bacterium within the herd for years. Thus, the objective of this study was to monitor for prolonged period, cows naturally infected with Leptospira ssp. through microbiological culture, serological examination and DNA detection of the pathogen in the urine. The dairy herd was composed of 50 breeding cows with a history of abortion and infertility, without leptospirosis vaccine and located in the northern region of Paraná. Blood and urine samples were collected and laboratorial diagnosis were performed five times at intervals of four months. Blood samples were collected from the all 50 animals and the serum was submitted to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the detection of anti-leptospira antibodies. Of the total cows, 20 showed antibody titres ? 1: 100 in MAT and urine samples were collected from only those animals with higher titers to perform nested-PCR (n-PCR) and bacterial isolation per culture. In addition, two urine samples from five animals with antibody titers < 1: 100 were collected in MAT for n-PCR. Serovar Hardjo was considered the most frequent during the serological monitoring of the animals evaluated. The n-PCR technique was able to detect leptospiral DNA in the urine of animals with MAT ? 1: 100 antibody titers and urine from animals whose titers were < 1: 100. Sequencing of the leptospiral amplicons shared 100% nucleotide sequence identity with the Leptospira interrogans species. Positive n-PCR results from animals with titers of < 1: 100 suggest that the cut-off of MAT is could be not sufficient to detect renal carriers, so it is also important to use n-PCR as an additional diagnostic tool for identify infected animals with Hardjo serovar and whose serology was negative.

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