scholarly journals Serological and molecular findings in diagnosis of leptospirosis serovar hardjo in a dairy bovine herd

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Yumi Hashimoto ◽  
Roberta Torres Chideroli ◽  
Juliane Ribeiro ◽  
Amauri Alcindo Alfieri ◽  
Geraldo Marcio da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Serological Examination ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Placental Remnants

The cattle are considered hosts of the Hardjo serovar, causing economic damages due to the reproductive failures like abortions and infertility. The serovar Hardjo usually remains in the reproductive tract and also in the renal tubules where it is eliminated intermittently in the urine for months. Placental remnants, the aborted fetus and contaminated urine promote the permanence of this bacterium within the herd for years. Thus, the objective of this study was to monitor for prolonged period, cows naturally infected with Leptospira ssp. through microbiological culture, serological examination and DNA detection of the pathogen in the urine. The dairy herd was composed of 50 breeding cows with a history of abortion and infertility, without leptospirosis vaccine and located in the northern region of Paraná. Blood and urine samples were collected and laboratorial diagnosis were performed five times at intervals of four months. Blood samples were collected from the all 50 animals and the serum was submitted to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the detection of anti-leptospira antibodies. Of the total cows, 20 showed antibody titres ? 1: 100 in MAT and urine samples were collected from only those animals with higher titers to perform nested-PCR (n-PCR) and bacterial isolation per culture. In addition, two urine samples from five animals with antibody titers < 1: 100 were collected in MAT for n-PCR. Serovar Hardjo was considered the most frequent during the serological monitoring of the animals evaluated. The n-PCR technique was able to detect leptospiral DNA in the urine of animals with MAT ? 1: 100 antibody titers and urine from animals whose titers were < 1: 100. Sequencing of the leptospiral amplicons shared 100% nucleotide sequence identity with the Leptospira interrogans species. Positive n-PCR results from animals with titers of < 1: 100 suggest that the cut-off of MAT is could be not sufficient to detect renal carriers, so it is also important to use n-PCR as an additional diagnostic tool for identify infected animals with Hardjo serovar and whose serology was negative.

scholarly journals Analysis of dynamics of intensity of community immunity to diphtheria in different age groups of vaccinated population of the ryazan region in 2015-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Elena P. Kotelevets ◽  
Olga A. Maksimova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Examination ◽  
Indicator Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics ◽  
High Level

Aim. To study the level of anti-diphtheria antitoxic antibodies in blood serum of vaccinated individuals over the period of 2015-2017. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on the base of the Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Ryazan region. The evaluation of antitoxic immunity against diphtheria was performed on the basis of the results of annual serological examination of at least 100 samples of blood sera for the content of diphtheria antitoxin in each age indicator group. In the study reaction of passive hem agglutination was used with standardized erythrocyte diphtheria antigen. Blood serum samples of individuals of indicator groups of the population with a documented history of vaccination were investigated. On the basis of the results of serological monitoring, the analysis of the state of anti-diphtheria antitoxic immunity in children (3-4 years, n=300), teenagers (16-17 years, n=302) and adults (30-39 years, n=323; 40-49 years, n=305) of the Ryazan region in 2015-2017 was carried out. Results. The level of protection among children, teenagers and adults in the studied period was 97.0 and 95.6%. The intensity of anti-diphtheria immunity was also high: 93.3-95.6% of the examined persons had medium and high antibody titers. Protective level of anti-diphtheria antibodies in 2015 was revealed in 97.3%, in 2016 in 93.3% and in 2017 in 98.3% of the examined samples. Conclusion. Analysis of the results of serological monitoring showed a positive dynamics of growth of the number of seropositive individuals with intense anti-diphtheria immunity. The data of serological monitoring correspond to the official statistical data of Directorate of Rospotrebnadzor in the Ryazan region on the high level of coverage of the population with vaccination. According to previously published epidemiological studies, in such conditions the incidence of diphtheria in the population is sporadic.

CONGENITAL PITRESSIN RESISTANT DIABETES INSIPIDUS OF RENAL ORIGIN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-372
Author(s):  
William B. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Water Metabolism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Renal Clearances ◽  
Renal Function Tests ◽  
Renal Origin

1) The history of a male infant who presented soon after birth with features of failure to gain weight, dehydration and pyrexia of obscure origin, has been described. A diagnosis of pitressin resistant diabetes insipidus was made. 2) Renal function tests and post-mortem examination, including microdissection of the kidney, indicates that the basic defect in water metabolism was a functional inability of the distal renal tubules to respond to antidiuretic hormone. 3) Consequent dehydration was insufficient to cause circulatory collapse, but affected renal clearances. 4) There was evidence of increased catabolism and poor protein utilisation. 5) Hyperosmolarity of the extracellular fluid was accompanied by a rise in body temperature, probably due to a depression of sweat gland activity. 6) Post-mortem evidence suggests that infants with pitressin resistant diabetes insipidus should be investigated for cystine storage disease.

MO427SAFE USE OF ALLOPURINOL TO TREAT ACUTE URIC ACID NEPHROPATHY IN PREGNANCY: A CASE REPORT

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahd Khan ◽  
Aizaz Ali ◽  
Jamie Willows ◽  
Didem Tez
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uric Acid Nephropathy ◽  
Acute Uric Acid Nephropathy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Introduction Acute uric acid nephropathy (UAN) is characterized by acute kidney injury (AKI) due to uric acid crystal precipitation within the distal tubules and collecting ducts. We present a young woman, with a history of hyperuricaemia, who was treated with allopurinol for acute UAN during her first pregnancy. She also continued allopurinol treatment during her second pregnancy for prevention of further acute UAN. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first case report of biopsy-confirmed acute UAN during pregnancy. Case report A 20 year old woman, who was 13 weeks pregnant, was admitted with AKI. Past medical history included chronic kidney disease (CKD) and gout since the age of 17. She had an extensive family history of CKD and gout (without diagnosis, despite genetic testing). She had been on daily allopurinol 300mg, but this was stopped 8 weeks prior by her rheumatology team due to concerns about teratogenicity. At that time serum creatinine was at her baseline of 100 μmol/L (normal range 50-120 μmol/L) and serum uric acid had been 740 μmol/L (normal range 140-360 μmol/L). On admission, she felt well and was euvolemic. Serum creatinine was now 352 μmol/L and her serum uric acid level was 1720 μmol/L, with an elevated urine uric acid to creatinine ratio of 1.1. She underwent renal biopsy, which showed significant deposition of uric acid crystals in the renal tubules, confirming a diagnosis of acute UAN. She was given intravenous fluids. The uncertainties of allopurinol use in pregnancy were discussed with her, and she was restarted on allopurinol 200 mg daily. Over the next 3 weeks, serum uric acid decreased to 470 μmol/L and serum creatinine to 116 μmol/L. She was maintained on allopurinol during her pregnancy and delivered a healthy baby girl. She was advised against further pregnancies due to increased risk of maternal and fetal complications. However, three years later she presented at 15 weeks’ gestation. After a discussion regarding the potential teratogenic effects of allopurinol versus the risk of recurrent severe AKI due to acute UAN if it was again discontinued, she chose to continue allopurinol. The pregnancy proceeded without complication. Her daughters are now 8 and 5 years old. They do not have any congenital malformations, though both have mild to moderate learning difficulties. Discussion Allopurinol is approved for the treatment of hyperuricaemia outside of pregnancy, but given it interrupts purine synthesis there is a biologically plausible concern regarding teratogenicity. However, in our patient with long-standing hyperuricaemia it was the discontinuation of allopurinol that precipitated AKI due to the resultant crystal formation when serum uric acid reached very high levels. Biopsy confirmation of acute UAN was vital in this case, given the possibility of missing an alternative diagnosis and the risks of giving empirical allopurinol therapy. Once the diagnosis for her severe AKI was confirmed, it was clear our patient would benefit from uric acid lowering therapy. Our patient had two healthy girls despite using allopurinol from week 16 in her first pregnancy and throughout her second pregnancy. Unfortunately, both girls have mild to moderate learning needs, though it is unprovable whether allopurinol was causative as no study has followed up long term outcomes after foetal exposure during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Awareness about Reproductive Health Issues among the Adolescent Girls in a Rural Area of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-574
Author(s):  
Nasreen Akther ◽  
Meherunnessa Begum ◽  
Tamanna Tasmin ◽  
Khondoker Saif Imtiaz ◽  
Ahmed Nawsher Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
History Of

Background: In Bangladesh there is a scarcity of data on the degree of knowledge amongadolescents about reproductive health. Objective: To assess the awareness about reproductivehealth issues among adolescent girls in a rural area of Bangladesh. Materials and method: Thisdescriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted among 148 adolescent girls who wereselected purposively at PurbaChandara village of Kaliakairthana of Shafipurupazilla of Gazipurdistrict in Bangladesh. A pre-tested semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data byface to face interview. Results: Most of the respondents (76.35%) were within the age group of15-19 years. The average age of their menarche was 14 years. Majority of the respondents 136(91.89%) had history of menstruation and 97 (65.54%) mentioned the duration of menstrualcycle > 7 days. Regarding the hygienic practice during menstruation, majority of them (68.24%)were unhygienic. About knowledge on age at marriage, 131 (88.51%) reportedly mentionedcorrect answer that marriage age is 18 years or more for girls. Regarding the knowledge onfamily planning and family planning methods, most of them (41.89%) had no knowledge.About the infection of reproductive tract, 87 (58.78%) had no knowledge and about half of therespondents (92; 56.79%) had no knowledge about symptoms of STDs. Conclusion: it is ourresponsibility to improve the condition of adolescent girls by giving clear and correct knowledgeon reproductive health which will help them to maintain a good and sound reproductive healthin future. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(3) 2020 p.567-574

“Opting Out”: An Experiment with Jurisdiction in Northern Nigeria

1964 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
S. S. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
African State ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Opting Out ◽  
Strong Case ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

With the commencement of the Native Courts (Amendment) Law, 1961, the Government of the Northern Region of Nigeria abolished “opting out”, an experiment with jurisdiction which must surely be unique within the history of modern legal systems and therefore worthy of recording before the facts are obscured and lest any other African state, faced with similar difficulties, is tempted to adopt this expedient as a temporary palliative to meet a similar situation. It is all the more desirable to publish the facts since the strong case for abolition presented by the Northern Regional Government is in danger of being lost by default. On 14th October, 1961, the Daily Service in Nigeria published a bitter attack on the Native Courts (Amendment) Law, 1961, under the title “The light goes out in the North”.

Trusteeship Council

1960 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Special Session ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Eligible Population ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
United Kingdom Government ◽  
Duty To Inform

The Trusteeship Council held its tenth special session at UN Headquarters on December 4 and 16, 1959. Following the adoption of its agenda, the Council entered into consideration of the report of the UN Plebiscite Commissioner on the plebiscite in the northern part of the trust territory of the Cameroons under United Kingdom administration. In introducing the first part of the report, Mr. Abdoh, UN Plebiscite Commissioner, reviewed the history of his consultations with the United Kingdom government on arrangements for the organization of the plebiscite. He observed that, as a result of being administered for many years as an integral part of the northern region of Nigeria, the Northern Cameroons had previously had very little reality as a separate administrative entity; in fact, boundaries with the northern region of Nigeria had little significance, and tribal groups extended from that region into the trust territory and even beyond, to the Cameroons under French administration. Communications in the Northern Cameroons were poor, but, despite adverse conditions, the UN plebiscite staff had travelled extensively and had been able to meet both the people and their leaders. Mr. Abdoh added that he wished to stress the peaceful and orderly way in which polling had been conducted throughout the territory, and mentioned the results of the plebiscite, viz.: out of the 113,859 votes cast, 70,546 had been in favor of deciding the future of the Cameroons at a later date (alternative b), while 42,788 had indicated a preference for the Northern Cameroons' becoming a part of the northern region of Nigeria when Nigeria became independent (alternative a); 525 votes had been rejected. Approximately 80 percent of the estimated number of potential electors, and nearly 88 percent of the voters actually registered, had participated in the balloting; thus the greater part of the eligible population had taken part in the consultation, freely expressing their wishes in regard to the alternatives offered in the plebiscite. Mr. Abdoh had, however, felt it his duty to inform the Council of the view, which seemed to be prevalent among those who had voted for the second alternative, that the plebiscite had offered the people an opportunity of registering what was in effect a protest against the system of local adminstration, the introduction of reforms into which was apparently long overdue.

scholarly journals Diagnosis Based on Detection of CXCL10 in Urine as Biomarker for The Determining Diagnosis of Active Lung Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Ni Made Mertaniasih ◽  
I Gede Yogi Prema Ananda ◽  
Soedarsono Soedarsono ◽  
Deby Kusumaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Lung Tuberculosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis

Tuberculosis diagnosis is an important component in decreasing TB incidence and prevalence. Because of the difficulty to collect sputum in some cases, urine specimens are used as it is easier to garner. One of the biomarkers in urine that can be used to diagnose pulmonary TB is IP-10, which can be represented by the CXCL10 gene. The study aims to determine the accuracy of diagnosis based on detection of the CXCL10 gene in urine as a biomarker for the patients with suspected pulmonary TB in Dr. Soetomo Hospital in Surabaya from November 2019 until March 2020. Thus, this is an observative laboratory research with a cross-sectional study. CXCL10 gene was examined using PCR for 36 urine samples, and then, the data, together with the medical records of clinical manifestations of pulmonary TB, GeneXpert MTB /RIF, blood count, and thorax radiograph, were processed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. The results of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF and thorax radiograph criteria show positive results of pulmonary TB, which were 44.4% and 69.4% respectively. CXCL10 gene was not found in all urine of healthy people (negative), while 2.8% (1/36 samples) positive CXCL10 gene was found in a patient with positive GeneXpert, also with negative clinical manifestations and urine culture. In this study, the accuracy of diagnosis based on detection of the CXCL10 gene in urine for diagnosis of active pulmonary TB was 2.8%. Future research is needed to improve the methods, among them are bigger size of urine samples and clearer medical history of patients. 

scholarly journals Porcine Babesiosis Caused by Babesia sp. Suis in a Pot-Bellied Pig in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alida Avenant ◽  
Janice Y. Park ◽  
Ilse Vorster ◽  
Emily P. Mitchell ◽  
Angela M. Arenas-Gamboa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Dipstick Test ◽  
Uncommon Disease ◽  
Urine Dipstick Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tick Borne Disease

Babesiosis is a worldwide, tick-borne disease of economic importance in livestock caused by Babesia spp., which are hemoparasitic piroplasms that target the host erythrocytes. Cattle, dogs, small ruminants, and wild ruminants are the species most commonly affected, while in cats, horses, and pigs, it is less frequently reported. Although babesiosis has been observed worldwide, porcine babesiosis remains an uncommon disease with a very limited number of cases reported. Here, we describe a case in a 12-year old pot-bellied pig from South Africa that died after a history of anorexia and reluctance to rise for 2 days. A complete necropsy, blood smear cytology, reverse line blot (RLB) hybridization and 18S rRNA sequencing were performed. Numerous Babesia spp. hemoparasites and a moderate regenerative anemia were identified on blood smear, and a urine dipstick test yielded 4+ heme. Diffuse icterus and splenomegaly were observed upon gross examination. Histopathology revealed hemoglobin casts within renal tubules and collecting ducts, pulmonary edema, splenic congestion, and intrahepatic cholestasis. BLASTN homology of the 18SrRNA sequence revealed a 100% identity to the published sequence of Babesia sp. Suis isolated from pigs in Italy. This case of babesiosis in a pig highlights the clinical manifestations and gross and pathological findings of porcine babesiosis.

scholarly journals Do post-COVID-19 patients need a second dose of vaccine?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorg Taubel ◽  
Christopher S Spencer ◽  
Anne Freier ◽  
Dorothée Camilleri ◽  
Ibon Garitaonandia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Public Health Strategies

AbstractVaccination forms a key part of public health strategies to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 globally. In the UK, two vaccines (BNT162b2-mRNA produced by Pfizer, and ChAdOx-1-S produced by Oxford-AstraZeneca) have been licensed to date, and their administration is prioritised according to individual risk. This study forms part of a longitudinal assessment of participants’ SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels before and after vaccination. Our results confirm that there is little quantitative difference in the antibody titres achieved by the two vaccines. Our results also suggest that individuals who have previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2 achieve markedly higher antibody titres than those who are immunologically naïve. This finding is useful to inform vaccine prioritisation strategies in the future: individuals with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection should be prioritised for a second vaccine inoculation.

scholarly journals SARS-COV-2 genomic surveillance in the Brazilian Western Amazon region: evolutionary history of epidemic dissemination and genetic signature in Rondônia, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luan Felipo Botelho Souza ◽  
Felipe Souza Nogueira Lima ◽  
Tárcio Peixoto Roca ◽  
Alcione de Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Felipe Gomes Naveca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Rna Replication ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Epidemic Spread ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
History Of

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly around the world, with Brazil currently considered an epicenter of the pandemic. The northern region of the country has the highest incidence and mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate information about the evolutionary history of epidemic spread and genetic aspects of strains isolated on the Western Amazon, in the State of Rondônia, Brazil. It was possible to detect a total of 22 mutations. Some of these alterations may possibly be related to effects on transmissibility, the fidelity of RNA replication, the ability of cancer patients to respond to infection, beyond a mutation that emerged after the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in Rondônia. At least two events of introduction were detected, corresponding to the B.1 and B.1.1 European lineages. An introduction was observed possibly through Argentina, where strains originated that circulated in the Minas Gerais and Ceará Brazilian states, prior to Rondônia (B.1.), as well as through the Minas Gerais state and the Federal District, which gave rise to strains that spread to Rondônia, from the capital to more rural parts of the state (B.1.1.). The findings show the need to monitor the genetic epidemiology of COVID-19, in order to surveil the virus’s evolution, dispersion and diversity.

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