scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Combination of Ethanol Extract of Pepermine Leaves (Mentha piperita L.) and Amikacin Against Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-29
Author(s):  
Peni Indrayudha
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Phytochemical Screening

Peppermint leaves have been known to have antibacterial and antifungal activity. Amikacin is a semisynthetic derivative of kanamycin which is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative enteric bacteria. The combination of plant extracts with antibiotics is one way or alternative to overcome bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine the combined effect of the ethanolic extract of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and amikacin against Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli as well as the compounds contained in the ethanolic extract of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) leaves. Antibacterial activity was tested using the disk diffusion method (Kirby Bauer) and the phytochemical screening test using the tube test method. The concentration of peppermint leaf ethanol extract for the combination test was 200 mg/mL and 400 mg/mL, for the concentration of amikacin used was 5 mg/mL with three comparisons made, namely 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25. The results showed a synergistic effect with the largest inhibition zone diameter at a ratio of 25:75 at a concentration of 200 mg/mL, which was 36.25±2.5 mm on Klebsiella pneumonia bacteria. While at a concentration of 400 mg/mL the diameter of the largest inhibition zone was 40±1.63 mm in Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria with a ratio of 75:25. The results of statistical tests using the t-test showed a significance value of 0.000 0.05 so that there was a significant difference in the administration of each concentration to the resulting inhibition zone. The results of the phytochemical screening test contained alkaloids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Rhizome Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.) For Growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Gurning Kasta
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Turmeric Extract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine at what concentration of ethanol extract of rhizome turmeric is active against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Methods: Ethanolic extract of rhizome turmeric was tested for phytochemical screening by using standard protocol. Antimicrobial testing was using the diffusion disc method to measure the inhibition zone against the Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans with various concentration of rhizome turmeric extract (500 mg/mL, 400 mg/mL, 300 mg/mL, 200 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL). Results: Phytochemical screening showed that ethanolic extract of rhizome turmeric contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoid/steroid. The antimicrobial inhibition of ethanol extract of rhizome turmeric against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans microbia at a concentration of 500 mg/mL had a diameter of 15.7 mm, 15 mm and 15.18 mm with a strong category. Conclusions: rhizome turmeric could be use as a novel antimicrobial agent.    

scholarly journals Study of Antibacterial Activity of some Date Seed Extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 247-257
Author(s):  
Nareman A.S. Aljazy ◽  
Aum El-Basher H.J. Al-Mossawi ◽  
Ali K. Al-Rikabi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Date Seed ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria ◽  
Seed Extracts

Eight species of pathogenic and contaminated bacteria were Isolated and identified with the biochemical test and make sure of purity with VITIC2 Technical. The bacteria were Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Investigation effect of aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic of Halawi, Khadrawiand Zahdi date seed extracts on the growth of isolated bacteria, the results showed that ethanolic extract was most effective extract compared to other extracts in influencing on the growth of bacteria using Agar Well Diffusion. The most active extract against P. aeruginosa strain was ethanol extract from Zahdi seed with a 22.3+ 0.32mm inhibition zone followed by 20.2 + 0.22 mm for Escherichia coli.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Kitolod (Hippobromalongiflora) Leaf Against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simanjuntak Helen Anjelina
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Phytochemical Screening

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine at what concentration of ethanol extract of kitolod leaves is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. Methods: Ethanolic extract of Kitolod leaves was tested for phytochemical screening by using standard protocol. Antibacterial testing was using the diffusion disc method to measure the inhibition zone against the Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi with various concentration of Kitolod leaves extract (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 75%). Results: Phytochemical screening showed that ethanolic extract of Kitolod leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins. The antibacterial inhibition of ethanol extract of kitolod leaves against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi bacteria at a concentration of 75% had a diameter of 11.3 mm and 12.16 mm with a strong category. Conclusions: Kitolod leaf could be use as a novel antibacterial agent.    

scholarly journals Clonal Propagation and Antibacterial Activity of Moringa Peregrina (Forssk) Fiori Plant

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 787-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Naim Hasan Alrayes ◽  
Wesam “Moh’d Hadi” Al Khateeb ◽  
Mohamad Awad Mohamad Shatnaw
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Moringa Peregrina

Moringa peregrina (Forssk) Fiori is one of the known medicinal plants in Jordan. It is used in traditional medicine to treat rheumatism and infections. Plant parts are used in the indigenous systems of human medicine for the treatment of a variety of ailments. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate factors affecting M. peregrina in vitro propagation and its antimicrobial activity. Microshoots with apical meristem (10 or 15 mm in length) were subculture on MS medium supplemented with different concentration of BAP, Kinetin, Zeatin and Thidiazuron (TDZ). Maximum number of new shoots/explant (4.39) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog agar medium supplemented with 1.6 mg/L Zeatin. While at 0.4 mg/L BAP maximum shoot length was obtained (37.78 mm). Antibacterial activity of aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic, and acetonic extracts of both in vitro plantlets and ex vitro (field grown) M. peregrina were evaluated by the agar welldiffusion method against Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 18182, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 19430, Methicillin resistant, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29974, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC13883, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 13315, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 12453, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 35029, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27253, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella paratyphi ATCC 13076 and Escherichia coli ATCC 29522. The obtained results showed that ethanolic, acetonic and aqueous extracts revealed a wide antibacterial activity. Ethanolic extract of in vitro M. peregrina plantlets showed the maximum inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus.  

scholarly journals ANTIBAKTERI SENYAWA FENOLIK DARI ALANG -ALANG (IMPERATA CYLINDRICA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-126
Author(s):  
Jhon Patar Sinurat ◽  
Suci Wulandari ◽  
Rinaldo Berutu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Agar Diffusion Method ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Phytochemical screening test proved that the extract of Reeds (Imperata cylindrica) contained phenolic compounds tested using 5% FeCl3 reagent. Antibacterial test using agar diffusion method against Reeds extract in DMSO solvent. The phenolic compounds obtained from the saputangan leaves Reeds extract were 36.96 grams after undergoing maceration. Reeds extract of phenolic compounds with concentrations (200; 100; 50 and 25 ppm) had strength antibacterial where the average inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was 10.0 mm and the average inhibition zone was at Escherichia coli bacteria measuring 10.3 mm.

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAUN JERUK KALAMANSI (Citrofortunella microcarpa) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherichia coli

Alotrop ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deza Oktasila ◽  
Nurhamidah Nurhamidah ◽  
Dewi Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Citrus Leaves ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

This study aims to examine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract and essential oil of Kalamansi citrus leaves (Citrofortunella microcarpa) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The raw material of Kalamansi citrus leaves is obtained from the Village of Pondok Kubang, Bengkulu Tengah (3.70060S, 102.35780E). Ethanol extract from Kalamansi citrus leaves was obtained by maceration using ethanol 96%, then ethanol extract was made dilution concentration 40 ; 20; , 10; and 5%. The essential oil of Kalamansi citrus leaves is obtained by water-vapor distillation, then made variations of concentration 20;, 15;, 10;  and 5%. The method used to test the antibacterial activity is the paper disc diffusion method , the antibacterial activity is shown by the diameter of the inhibiting  zone formed. The data of antibacterial test result were analyzed by using One Way Anova test which showed the effect of treatment on the growth of test bacteria seen from the value (P <0,01) and continued by Duncan test to know the effect of the treatment. The results showed that ethanol extract of Kalamansi citrus leaves had antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria with moderate inhibitory diameter is  7.20 and 5.73 mm at concentration 40%, while antibacterial activity on essential oil of Kalamansi citrus leaves is categorized as strong with inhibition zone diameter is 14.83 and 13.00 mm at concentration 20%.

scholarly journals SKRINING AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI EKSTRAK ETANOL KERNEL BIJI BUAH LIMUS (Mangifera foetida Lour.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureusDAN Escherichia coli

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Nurviana
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Tetracycline Hcl

<p class="Default"><em>Limus (Mangifera foetida Lour.) Is one of the local Indonesian fruits of the anacardiaceae family. Limus contain secondary metabolites that have pharmacological effects, including the kernel waste of the seeds of the fruit. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli on the fraction of kernel seed of limus fruits ethanolic extract in invitro using solid diffusion method with positive control Tetracycline HCl. The extraction process was carried out by maceration method, then fractionation was obtained to obtain the fraction of n-hexane, ethyl acetate fraction and water fraction. Based on the result of the research, the fraction of n-hexane, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of kernel ethanol extract limus fruit seed have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The highest activity was shown by fraction of ethyl acetate with minimum killing concentration (KBM) to Staphylococcus aureus was 5% with diameter equal to 4,33 ± 1.17 mm equal to 30,27 μg / mL Tetracycline HCl, and KBM value to Escherichia coli.4% (7.60 ± 0.14) mm equivalent to 26, 04 μg / mL Tetracycline HCl.<br /> <br /> <strong></strong></em></p><p class="Default"><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Kernel, M. foetida.</em></p>

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Polygonum pulchrum Blume Ethanol Extract on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Asman Sadino ◽  
Idin Sahidin ◽  
Wahyuni Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Weak Antibacterial Activity

The emergence of resistant bacteria strain has become a global health concern. It encourages the exploration of potential antibacterial agents, particularly from natural sources. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of root, stems, leaves, and flowers of Polygonum pulchrum Blume against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, through disc diffusion method using cup-plate method. Inhibition zone against S. aureus from roots, stems, leaves, and flowers ethanol extract were 3.5 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.25 mm, and 2.62 mm, respectively, while the inhibition zone against E. coli were 2.25 mm, 2.12 mm, 1.62 mm, and 1.75 mm, respectively. In conclusion, ethanol extract of root, stem, leaves, and flower of P. pulchrum Bl possessed weak antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli.Keywords: P. pulchrum Bl, antibacterial, E. coli, S. aureus, cup-plate technique

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Cinnamon Extract (Cinnamomum burmannii) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli In Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Nita Parisa ◽  
Rahma Nur Islami ◽  
Ella Amalia ◽  
Mariana Mariana ◽  
Riana Sari Puspita Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Cinnamon Extract ◽  
Cinnamomum Burmannii

Abstract   Infectious disease is one of the most common diseases in the world. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are two common causes of infection and are resistant to many antibiotics, so the new agents are needed to overcome antibiotic resistance. Cinnamon is often used as a preservative because it has antibacterial activity. Cinnamomum burmannii is kind of native cinnamon from Indonesia. The antimicrobial active compounds cinnamaldehyde and eugenol are the main reasons for its antibacterial activity. This study observed the efficacy of the cinnamon extract (Cinnamomum burmannii) as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. An experimental study, in vitro using Post-test Only Control Group Designed, has been done in Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory of Medical Faculty of Sriwijaya University. Cinnamon was extracted, then tested for its antibacterial activity using well diffusion and serial dilution to determine diameter of inhibition zone and minimum bactericidal concentration. Phytochemical tests were also conducted to determine the antibacterial compounds of cinnamon extract. Ethanol extract of cinnamon was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with MBC 5% and inihibitory zone 6,84±0,68 mm and Escherichia coli with MBC 10% and inhibitory zone 5,69±0,69 mm. Cinnamon extract which has the greatest effectiveness is concentration of 40% with inhibition zone 15,69±0,80 mm (Staphylococcus aureus) and 9,63±0,59 mm (Escherichia coli). This ability is due to the antibacterial compounds as evidenced by positive results in various phytochemical tests. Cinnamon extract is effective as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro.   Keywords: efficacy, antibacterial, Cinnamomum burmannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli

scholarly journals PENGARUH VARIASI GELLING AGENT KARBOMER 934 EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN JERUK PURUT (Citrus hystrix DC) TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK GEL DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-259
Author(s):  
Anggun Hari Kusumawati ◽  
Siti Hufi Hutami
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Topical Product ◽  
Gel Preparation ◽  
Made In

ABSTRAK Ekstrak etanolik daun jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix D.C) mempunyai banyak zat khasiat dimana salah satu zat aktif tersebut berkhasiat sebagai antibakteri. Penggunaan ekstrak etanolik dalam bentuk kental sangat tidak efisien dalam pemakaiannya, sehingga perlu dibuat dalam bentuk sediaan topical, misalnya gel. Penggunaan Karbomer 934 sebagai gelling agent dapat meningkatkan konsistensi basis yang akan berpengaruh terhadap pelepasan zat aktif di dalam gel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi kadar basis Karbomer 934 gel ekstrak etanolik daun jeruk purut terhadap sifat fisik gel dan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Gel dibuat dalam 4 formula dengan konsentrasi basis Karbomer 934 yaitu 0,5 %, 1%, 1,5%, dan 2%. Gel diuji sifat fisik (organolepstis, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, daya lekat, daya sebar, dan uji hedonik) dan daya antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Data dari uji sifat fisik dan pengukuran diameter zona hambat anti bakteri dianalisis dengan statistika Uji Kruskall-Wallis dan Mann-Withney Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa variasi konsentrasi Karbomer 0,5 %, 1 %, 1,5 % dan 2% sebagai gelling agent gel ekstrak etanol daun jeruk purut berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisik gel dan aktifitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Semakin besar konsentrasi Karbomer 934, viskositas semakin besar dengan FI= 3079 cP.s, FII= 8135 cP.s, FIII= 13136 cP.s, FIV= 14307 cP.s, menurunkan daya sebar dengan FI= 5.14 cm, FII= 4.04 cm, FIII= 3.51 cm, FIV= 3.35 cm, meningkatakan daya lekat dengan FI= 0.79 cm, FII= 0.87 cm, FIII= 1.05 cm, FIV= 1.16 cm dan menurunkan efektivitas antibakteri dengan FI= 6.4 cm, FII= 5.1, FIII= 5.8 cm dan FIV= 4.9 cm. Kata Kunci : gel, gelling agent, Karbomer 934, Citrus hystrix D.C , Staphylococcus aureus.   ABSTRCT Ethanolic extract of kaffir lime leaves (Citrus hystrix D.C) Has many active compounds, antimicrobial activity have been reported numerously. Ethanolic extract of Kaffir Lime leaves can’t directly exposure to the human skin. It can be increased of skin rash and eritema. The extract can be formulated in topical product like gel preparation. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of variations in base levels of Karbomer 934 gel ethanolic extract of kaffir lime leaves on the physical properties of gel and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The gel is made in 4 formulas with a base concentration of Carbomer 934 which is 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. Gel was tested for physical properties (organolepstis, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, adhesion, dispersion, and hedonic test) and antibacterial power to Staphylococcus aureus. Measuring the diameter of the antibacterial inhibition zone after incubation at 37ºC for 24 hours. Data from the physical properties test and measuring the diameter of the anti-bacterial inhibitory zone were analyzed by statistical with Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Withney test. The results of this study concluded that variations in Carbomer 934 concentration as gelling agent gel ethanol extract of kaffir lime leaves had an effect on the physical properties of the gel and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The greater concentration of Carbomer 934, increase the viscosity value with FI= 3079 cP.s, FII= 8135 cP.s, FIII= 13136 cP.s, FIV= 14307 cP.s, decrease the spreadability with FI= 5.14 cm, FII= 4.04 cm, FIII= 3.51 cm, FIV= 3.35 cm, increase in adhesion with FI= 0.79 cm, FII= 0.87 cm, FIII= 1.05 cm, FIV= 1.16 cm and decrease the effectiveness of the antibacterial with FI= 6.4 cm, FII= 5.1, FIII= 5.8 cm dan FIV= 4.9 cm. Keywords: gel, gelling agent, Carbomer 934, Citrus hystrix D.C , Staphylococcus aureus.

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